1、Unit 1 Sentence Translation,,LOGO,汉英句子结构的不同特点,汉语连接关系为隐性，即连接词不出现，因此称为“意合”（parataxis） 英语连接关系一般为显性，即连接词要出现，因此称为“形合”（hypotaxis） 例1：姐姐在机场等我，我得去接她，我不去，她会 生气。 译文：My sister is waiting for me at the airport, so I must go to meet her. If I dont, she will be angry,,LOGO,汉英句子结构的不同特点,汉语汉语的“竹状结构”，形成“链状句”或“流水句”；词和
2、词之间、分句与分句之间的逻辑意义环环相扣，不能脱节。 例2：进了医学院，她住女生宿舍，在食堂吃大锅饭，天不 亮，就起床背外语单词。铃声响，夹着书本去上课，大课小课，密密麻麻的笔记。 英语呈“树状结构”；树形扩展，常按句内各部分的主次从属关 系排列，在句子主体中加入修饰语和限定语，形成结构严谨的句子。 例3：The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light small bulbs, even to run an electric motor, is almost unbelievable.,,
3、LOGO,Tips for Translation,,LOGO,例4：我们的班主任老师姓徐，五十开外，方脸，半脸的黑胡子楂；（他）无论冬夏总穿着一件蓝布长袍，（他）夏套单，冬套棉，（这件长袍由于洗得太多）早已洗得蓝不蓝、白不白了。,The homeroom teacher responsible for our class, Mr. Xu, was over fifty, and he had a square-shaped face with a full beard. Whatever the season, he always wore a blue cloth gown. In sum
4、mer, he just wore the gown but in winter it would cover his cotton padded layers. Because it had been washed so many times, it had become a bluish white.,,LOGO,,LOGO,例5：凡是了解王素华的人，都钦佩她的好学精神。大家记得1979年秋天，当这个总共只念过八年书、连英文字母也认不全，而且已有三个孩子的女工，竟然报名上电大英语班时，招来了多少惊讶的目光。,They remember how many astonished looks w
5、ere cast at her in the autumn of 1979, when this woman worker, having scarcely had a total of eight years schooling, not knowing too well the English alphabet, and having already had three children on her hands, actually enrolled in the English class of the TVU.,,LOGO,汉语句首开放性 对。 不对。 他不对。 我认为他不对。 我告诉
6、过你我认为他不对。 我明明告诉过你我认为他不对。 我开会时明明告诉过你我认为他不对。 我昨天开会时明明告诉过你我认为他不对。,,LOGO,英语句尾开放性 He is reading. He is reading a book. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain in the reading-room. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain in the reading-room on the second f
7、loor of our library. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain in the reading-room on the second floor of our library which has just opened.,,LOGO,语篇概念翻译整体观,例6：这位88岁的老大娘名叫赵云祥，是山东济南市郊天桥区的农民。她的儿子卢家德去年在北京打工，回家后给老母细细诉说了在北京所见到的一切。赵云祥老大娘于是萌发了有生之年上北京亲眼看看的念头。,,LOGO,译文1：This 88-year-old woman was named Zhao
8、 Yunxiang. She was a peasant from Tianjiao District on the outskirts of Jinan. Her son Lu Jiade told her all that he had seen in Beijing when he returned home after working as a casual labourer in that city. She wangted to go to Beijing and see it by herself.,,LOGO,译文2：That was Zhao Yunxiang, an 88-
9、year-old peasant woman from Tianqiao district on the outskirts of Jinan, capital of Shandong Province. She had a son named Lu Jiade, who did odd jobs in Beijing last year. When he returned home, he described everything he had seen there in great detail. His description was so vivid that it touched o
10、ff her wish to see it all with her own eyes someday.,,LOGO,信息焦点翻译的重点观,翻译的重点观就是译者必须具备这种意识，注意使译文的重心和原文一致。因为每一个句子都有信息焦点。其实，每一段话、每一篇文章也都有自己的信息焦点，即它的主要意思、它的重心所在。例7：It is a chronic complaint of the wives that husband never notice.,译文一：妻子们长期以来总是抱怨她们的丈夫从来不注意、 译文二：妻子们总是抱怨、，这已经是司空见惯的事了。,,LOGO,句子平衡前轻后重,英语句子有一个
11、重要的原则，就是前轻后重，也 就是比较短的在前，比较长的在后。 例8：爱多亚路口高耸云霄的气象台上，高高地挂起了几个黑球。,译文一：High above the towering weather post at the entrance to Edward VII Road, several black cones were hung. 译文二：At the entrance to Edward VII Road, several black cones were hung high above the towering weather post.,,LOGO,句子翻译方法归纳,1. 抓住串连
12、上下文基本意思的关键性词语，读“通”原文 2. 理顺句间关系 3. 理顺句内关系,,LOGO,Answer for Homework,Visiting CardsIn Paris, cocktail parties and buffet receptions of different kinds offer great opportunities for making friends. On such occasions, strangers may get to know each other. If they are Asians, they will, very respectfully
13、 and with both hands, present calling cards to their interlocutors before any conversation starts. This seems to be the required courtesy on their part. However, the French usually are not so ready with such a formality. Both sides will greet each other, and even chat casually about any topic and then excuse themselves. Only when they find they like each other and hope to further the relationship, will they exchange cards. It will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way.,Thank You !,,
