1、Skill IV Conversion,Review: extension and adding,This is true not only in the country, but anywhere at all. 这种情况不仅在乡村是如此，而且在任何地方都是如此。 one of the oldest neighborhoods 最古老的街区 Only the most inclement weather stops themsuitably dressed, they can walk with pleasure in spring rains, autumn drizzles, the s
2、unlight of a summer morning or a soft winter snowfall. 只有极恶劣的天气才会阻止他们步行。他们衣着得体，惬意地步行在蒙蒙春雨之中，步行于秋日的毛毛细雨里，漫步在夏日清晨的阳光下，或徜徉在冬天柔软的飘雪间。,Conversion 1,What is conversion In terms of modern English lexicology, conversion means using a form that represents one part of speech as another part of speech without
3、changing the form of the word. The lights gleam in the night. (nv) I can see the gleam in the night. In translation, a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language.,Conversion 2,To verbs in Chinese
4、Nv 1、The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。 2、He is a lover of Chinese paintings. 他热爱中国画。 这里lover是以后缀er结尾的名词，这类名词有时并不指其身份和职业，而含有动作意味。一般情况下，往往可以汉译成动词。再如：,Conversion 3,Some of my classmates are good singers. 我的几个同学唱歌唱得很好。 3、He has a good comman
5、d of the English Language. 他精通英语。 这里的has a command of 可以作为习语看待。如：have a rest和take a look at。习语中的名词可以转译成动词。 Prep.V 1、Are you for or against this plan? 你是赞成还是反对这个计划？,Conversion 4,2、“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. “来啦！”她转身蹦着跳着
6、地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。 3、that we here highly resolve, that this nation under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish form the earth. 所以我们应在这里表示最大的决心，这个国家在上帝保佑下，一定要获得自由的新生，而这个政府也一定要民有，民治，民享，才不会从地球上消失。 （此句引自美国第十六
7、任总统林肯在葛底斯堡国家公墓发表的著名演说的最末一句）,Conversion 5,Adj.V 1、The doctor said that he wasnt sure he would save his life. 医生说，他不敢肯定是否能救得了他的生命。 2、The girl is very familiar with the fashion terms. 这个女孩非常熟悉时尚用语。 3、Parents are always concerned with their childrens education. 父母总是十分关心孩子们的学习情况。 Adv.V 1、Open the windows
8、 to let air in. (进来) 2、Are they through with the assembling of the machine? 他们完成了这台机器的装配工作吗？,Conversion 6,To nouns in Chinese VN 1、His speech impressed the audience deeply. 他的讲演给听众的印象很深。 2、Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear. 这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。 Adj.N 1、Th
9、ey try their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。 这里的形容词sick和wounded前有定冠词the，通常情况下the+形容词表示某一类的人。因此译成汉语时为名词。,Conversion 7,2、She is religious. 她是虔诚的教徒。 3、There are stories of early African voyages to America. 另外，有一些传说，谈到非洲人最初航海到美洲来的情形。 Adv.N 1、He is physically weak but mentally sou
10、nd. 他身体虽弱，但思想健康。 2、It was not until early 40s, that chemists began to use the technique analytically. 直到40年代初，化学家们才开始将这种技术进行分析利用。,Conversion 8,To adjectives in Chinese 1、The computer is chiefly characterized by accuracy and quick computation. 计算机的主要特点就是准确和计算迅速。(Adv.Adj. ) 2、She must be a stranger to
11、 the operation of computers. 她想必对计算机操作十分陌生。 (NAdj.) 这里的名词“stranger”加上前面的不定冠词“a”，一起作表语，这时通常可以将此名词转译成形容词。 3、The causes of the disease show considerable variety. 疾病的原因是多种多样的。(NAdj.) 这里的名词“variety”是由形容词“various”派生来的。在此句中转译成形容词“多种多样的”。,Conversion 9,To adv. in Chinese 1、The modern world is experiencing a
12、rapid development of science and technology.当今世界科学技术正在迅速地发展。 2、I have the honor to inform you that you have won the first prize in the competition.我很荣幸地通知你，在这次比赛中你获得第一名。 3、Its my pleasure to note that our economy is developing vigorously.我很高兴地看到，我国地经济正在蓬勃地发展。,Discussion 1: Conversion,Their way takes
13、 them through quiet streets of old brownstones, one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city, then up and over the Brooklyn Bridge with its cathedral arches supporting the weblike drapery of cables, then down into the skyscraper canyons of the financial district. 他们先是沿着褐色石头铺成的古老而又寂静的街道向前走，经过一个全市最古老的街
14、区，继而跨上布鲁克林大桥，穿过支撑着网状钢缆的教堂式桥拱，最后径直步入摩天大楼巍然耸立的金融区。,Discussion 2: conversion,On their daily route they see, hear, smell the city in all its seasonal changes, under bright and cloudy skies. 每天在土中，他们用整个身心感受这座城市的阴晴冷暖、四季变化。Tugboats chug past, shoving and hauling their variously laden barges; on a shrouded
15、morning, foghorns hoot and moan. 拖船突突驶过，推着或者拖着载满各色货物的驳船。在大雾茫茫的早晨，雾号时而嘟嘟叫嚣，时而呜咽呻吟。,Discussion 3,In New York City, a group of executives who meet every weekday morning walk from their homes to their offices. 纽约城里有几位公司主管，天天早晨结伴从自己家里步行到办公室。 The river waters roll by below their feet, sullen or sparkling.
16、 河水在他们脚下滚滚流过，或阴沉凝滞，或闪闪发光。,Discussion 4,The famous skyline of lower Manhattan rises before them, glittering in sun, afloat in mist, against a backdrop of sky never twice the same. 在变化万千的天幕衬托下，曼哈顿著名的天际线在他们面前升起在阳光中闪烁着，在雾霭中飘浮着。,4. Conversion(词类转换法),Conversion: It means that in translation a word in one
17、language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language. 英译汉时词类转换的核心是根据需要将具有动作性的名词转换为汉语的动词，或者将可表示概念的动词转换为汉语名词。 汉译英时则反其道而行之。 在翻译过程中， 如果绝对地按照原语的词性进行翻译，有时译文会显得晦涩或不符合译语的表达习惯。这时， 我们可以对原语的词性进行转换翻译。汉译英中常见的词性转换有以下几个方面。,For studen
18、ts of composition, an awareness that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help them become more quickly proficient in a writing pattern that is not native to them.,学习写作的人若能意识到各种文化在修辞模式上的差别，则有助于他们迅速掌握对他们来说是外在的写作模式。,In those years the Republicans were in.The music is a gas. Saud
19、was a frustrated man at that time. Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. . This experiment is a great success.,那些年是共和党执政。 这音乐妙极了。 沙特那时已受挫折。 他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。 这次实验是极为成功的。,1. 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的, 非下苦功不可。 2. 一定要少说空话,多做工作。 3. 徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。 4. 林则徐认为, 要成功地禁止鸦片买卖,就得首先把鸦片焚毁。,1. The mast
20、ery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 2. There must be less empty talk and more hard work. 3. Xu Beihongs drawings (paintings) of horses are exceptionally good. 4. Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.,
