1、 名词性从句名词性从句 包括 主语 从句、 宾语 从句、 表语 从句和 同位语从句。名词性从句的翻译 :1. 语序处理1) 很多情况下，翻译名词性从句时，语序仍可以遵循原文的语序 ; 2) 有时候，翻译名词性从句时，可将其位置前移 ; 2. 转换译法在有些情况下，根据具体需要，在翻译某种名词性从句时可灵活处理，采用合译、分译或转换等多种方法。名词性从句的翻译名词性从句的翻译1. All I knew was the capital of California, because Sacramento was the name of the street we lived on in Chinat
2、own.我只知道加州的首府，因为我们在唐人街上住的街名，就叫萨克拉门托 。2. It is this largess that accounts for the presence within the citys walls of a considerable section of the population.纽约城里相当一部分人正是冲着这份赠礼而来此落脚的 。以从属连词或连接代词位于句首的主语从句翻译时语序一般不变 。由于主语从句较短，所以翻译时将从句提前，与主句提前合译为 “是 ”字结构。3. It is a matter of common experience that bodies
3、 are lighter in water than they are in air.物体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种大家共有的经验。 4. It is believed to be natural that more and more engineers have come to prefer synthetic material to natural material.越来越多的工程人员渐渐地喜欢用合成材料而非天然材料，人们认为这是很自然的。该句中主语从句较长，可译为并列分句或独立的句子，故翻译时先译从句，然后在主句前加 “这 ”字。本句将 that从句提前翻译，主句增加主语 “ 人们 ”
4、 并转译为主动语态。5. When I went down to lunch a few minutes ago I noticed that the man sitting next to me (about eighteen inches away along the wall) was Fred Stone.几分钟前，我下楼吃午饭，发现坐在我旁边的竟然是佛瑞德斯通（他靠墙坐着，离我大约十八英寸远）。 6. And then she had to fill out so many forms she forgot why she had come and what she had left
5、 behind.随后，她又对着必须填写的一大堆表格。她已经完全忘记了，为什么她要千里迢迢来到美国，还有，她在自己背后舍弃的又是什么。这里， that引导的宾语从句翻译时语序不变。 这里， why和 what引导的宾语从句翻译语序不变。 7. We think it true that the election in Britain is mainly a contest between the two big parties, Labor and Conservative.英国的选举主要是工党和保守党两大政党之间的竞争，我们认为的确如此。 这里， 本句将 that从句先译，后译主句， it可以
6、不译8. America was where all my mothers hopes lay.美国是我母亲寄托所有梦想的国度。 这里，本句将 that从句先译，后译主句， it可以不译。9. And for that matter I am probably occupying the very room that any number of exalted and somewise memorable characters sat in.这样想来，或许有一些显赫的大人物也曾在我现在栖身的屋子里住过。 10. In all of my imaginings, I was filled wit
7、h a sense that I would soon become perfect. 在我所有的美丽幻想中都充满了一种感觉：我立时会变得十分完美。 本句翻译时将 that引导的同位语从句提前到所修饰的名词之前。 本句翻译时 that引导的同位语从句语序不变。Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. Paragraph OneI mention these events merely to show that New York is peculiarly constructed to absorb almost anything that
8、 comes along (whether a thousand-foot liner out of the East or a twenty-thousand-man convention out of the West) without inflicting the event on its inhabitants; so that every event is, in a sense, optional, and the inhabitant is in the happy position of being able to choose his spectacle and so con
9、serve his soul.Translation for Reference:我提到这些，仅仅为了表明纽约城是一座建构奇特的城市，这里发生的事件包罗万象（城东 1,000英尺长的班轮也好，城西二万人的集会也罢），但种种事件却又未被强加到每个居民身上。因此，从某种意义上说，每个事件都有可供选择的余地，居民们大可随心所欲地选择心仪的场景来体味，保护其灵魂免受侵害。Paragraph TwoIn most metropolises, small and large, the choice is often not with the individual at all. He is thrown
10、to the Lions. The Lions are overwhelming; the event is unavoidable. A cornice falls, that it hits every citizen on the head, every last man in town. I sometimes think that the only event that hits every New Yorker on the head is the annual St. Patricks Day parade, which is fairly penetratingthe Iris
11、h are a hard race to tune out, there are 500,000 of them in residence, and they have the police force right in the family.Translation for Reference:在许多都市里，无论是大都会还是小城市，个人往往没有这种选择的自由。他必然会同狮子会会员们狭路相逢。狮子会会员无处不在，避无可避。一截房檐从天而降，必然会砸到每个市民头上，无一幸免。我有时想，能够砸到每个纽约人头上的事件恐怕只有一年一度的圣帕特里克节游行，其影响之广，可谓无孔不入 爱尔兰是一个不可小觑的民族，纽约城中居住的爱尔兰人有 50万之众，他们还拥有自己的武装力量。
