1、汉译英：词和短语的翻译,Contents,词汇短语句子定语结构的转换,词的翻译,葡萄 grape； 葡萄干 raisin 酿酒厂 brewery 炼油厂 refinery 宗教religion； 邪教cult 鸟bird，小鸟fledgling 老虎tiger，虎崽cub 洒水车sprinkler；垃圾车 garbage truck,会座谈会 symposium； 博览会 expo；记者招待会 press conference; news release； 人才招聘会 job fair 贸易洽谈会 trade fair,表,履历表 Resume 病历表 Case history form 时间
2、表 Time table 日程表 Schedule 价格表 Price list,馆： 博物馆museum 图书馆library 旅馆hotel 宾馆guest house 大使馆embassy 领事馆consulate 茶馆tea house 饭馆restaurant 理发馆barbers shop 体育馆gymnasium 展览馆exhibition hall 文化馆cultural center 美术馆art gallery 科技馆science and technology center/museum 天文馆planetarium 照相馆photo studio,化经济全球化econo
3、mic globalization 经济法制化 manage economic affairs within a legal framework国际关系民主化the practice of democracy in international relations科研成果产业化apply scientific research results to industrial production国民经济信息化build an information-based national economy,注意词汇的深层逻辑,春运不能简单地说成是 spring transportation (春季的运输) 而是
4、the rush / peak season of passenger transportation during the Spring Festival / Chinese New Year (春节期间的客运高峰),请勿疲劳驾驶,翻译成英语不是Dont drive tiredly 按照交通法规术语应该翻译为Drowsy driving is dangerous . 或 Drive alert, arrive alive,以外贸为龙头,不能直接翻译为with foreign trade as the dragon head，这样翻译是很难让外国人明白的，因为以为龙头这个说法是源自耍龙灯的习俗，
5、而多数外国人不一定熟悉中国人的这一习俗。为了取得好的翻译效果，最好是用能够跨越文化障碍的表达方法，如火车头或旗舰： With foreign trade as the locomotive（机车） / flagship.,家庭经济情况不好economic condition改为：financial condition,备课要做好三件事情：备学生，备教材，备教法。Preparing a lecture requires doing three things well: getting to know the students; arranging suitable teaching materi
6、al, and choosing effective (optimal) teaching methods.,定语结构的转换 1)毛入学率 the gross enrollment rate2）中央地方财政预算 the central and local budgets）关于发展九年义务教育的政策policies concerned with the development of the nine-year compulsory education; (后置) the nine-year compulsory education development policies(前置),）科教兴国战略
7、 the strategy of developing the country by relying on science and education; the strategy of country development by developing science and education; the strategy of giving priority to the development of science and education for the development of the country.）国有资产管理、监督和运营机制 the mechanism for manag
8、ement, supervision and operation of state-owned assets; (后置) the state assets management, supervision and operation mechanism (前置),）高新技术产业化示范工程 high-tech model projects to demonstrate their commercial liability;hi-tech industrialization model projects)科技成果市场化、产业化commercialization and industrializati
9、on of scientific and technological achievements) 处理合同争议所适用的法律Law applicable to the settlement of contract disputes,）邓一反几千年来官方对长城以外世界的敌视态度，坦率地说：“闭关自守把中国搞得贫穷落后，愚昧无知。”难点： 几千年来官方对长城以外世界的敌视态度闭关自守贫穷落后愚昧无知,）邓一反几千年来官方对长城以外世界的敌视态度，坦率地说：“闭关自守把中国搞得贫穷落后，愚昧无知。” Reversing thousands of years of official hostility
10、to the world outside the Great Wall, Deng said simply: “Isolation landed China in poverty, backwardness and ignorance.”,10) 全世界的科学家都在寻找净化空气、防止空气受到各种有害工业废气污染的有效方法。11) 在我们肉眼看来似乎静止不动的一杯水中，却有数不清的水分子正在进行着大量的无规则的热运动。 thermal movement molecules12) 这所大学是中国著名的高等学府，是中国培养高级科学技术人才和发展科学技术的重要基地之一。,10) 全世界的科学家都在寻找
11、净化空气、防止空气受到各种有害工业废气污染的有效方法。 Scientists everywhere in the world are looking for the efficient methods to make the air clean and protect it from pollution by all kinds of industrial harmful waste gases. 11) 在我们肉眼看来似乎静止不动的一杯水中，却有数不清的水分子正在进行着大量的无规则的热运动。 Although the water in a glass looks to be totally
12、motionless to our naked eyes，a great deal of thermal movement of its countless molecules is going on disorderly inside. 12) 这所大学是中国著名的高等学府，是中国培养高级科学技术人才和发展科学技术的重要基地之一。 This university is one of the renowned higher learning institutions in China，and it is also an important base both for bringing up senior professionals of science and technology in China and for promoting the progress of Chinese science and technology.,
