1、11.中国的官方语言普通话在美国的学校中突然热起来。由于中国经济在 21 世纪的快速发展,美国的公立和私立学校纷纷在外语课程中加入汉语这一科目,或将已有的汉语教学项目进行扩展。据统计,在美国的学校中,有 5 万名孩子在学习汉语。但推动汉语项目的发展不是没有遇到困难。由于缺乏受过专业训练、持有证书的教师,一些学校很难加入汉语教学的竞争。当学校聘用教师时,它们通常直接从中国招聘,这种方式为文化冲突埋下了隐患。中国的官方语言普通话在美国的学校中突然热起来。Mandarin, the official language of China, is suddenly hot in American sch
2、ools. 由于中国经济在 21 世纪的快速发展,美国的公立和私立学校纷纷在外语课程中加入汉语这一科目,或将已有的汉语教学项目进行扩展。With the rapid development of Chinas economy in the 21th century, both public and private schools in America are scrambling to add Mandarin to their curricula of foreign languages or expanding Chinese language programs already in pl
3、ace. 据统计,在美国的学校中,有 5 万名孩子在学习汉语。By some estimates, as many as 50 000 children nationwide are taking Mandarin in American schools. 但推动汉语项目的发展不是没有遇到困难。由于缺乏受过专业训练、持有证书的教师,一些学校很难加入汉语教学的竞争。To develop Chinese-language programs has met some difficulties. A shortage of professionally trained teachers with ce
4、rtificates has made it difficult for some schools to join the competition. 当学校聘用教师时,它们通常直接从中国招聘,这种方式为文化冲突埋下了隐患。When schools need to employ teachers, they often recruit them from China directly, which is a hidden trouble for culture clash.22. 如今,中国正步入老龄化社会,因此独生子女一代面临着巨大的工作和生活压力。中国政府开始适当调整计划生育政策,允许一些家
5、庭在特殊情况下生育二胎。但调查显示,很多夫妻迫于不断加重的经济压力,放弃生育二胎。因此,要从根本上解决老龄化的问题不能依靠出生率的上升,最有效的办法是建立有效的社会保障制度。如今,中国正步入老龄化社会,因此独生子女一代面临着巨大的工作和生活压力。Nowadays, China is stepping into the aging society. Therefore, the only-child generation is facing enormous pressure both from work and life. 中国政府开始适当调整计划生育政策,允许一些家庭在特殊情况下生育二胎。T
6、he Chinese government has begun to adjust the family planning policy and allows some families to have a second child under certain circumstances. 但调查显示,很多夫妻迫于不断加重的经济压力,放弃生育二胎。However, the survey shows that some couples abandon to have a second child due to the increasing financial burden. 因此,要从根本上解决
7、老龄化的问题不能依靠出生率的上升,最有效的办法是建立有效的社会保障制度。Thus, in order to solve the aging problem, the basic thing is not relying on the increase of birth rate. The best solution is to establish an effective social security system.33. 北京有无数的胡同(hutong) 。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅 是平民百姓的生活环境,而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常,胡同内有一个大杂
8、院,房间够 4 到 10 个家庭的差不多 20 口人住。所以,胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今,随着社会和经济的飞速发展,很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing.北京的胡同不仅仅 是平民百姓的生活环境,而且还是一门建筑艺术。The huto
9、ng in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. 通常,胡同内有一个大杂院,房间够 4 到 10 个家庭的差不多 20 口人住。所以,胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is fu
10、ll of friendliness and genuine humanity.如今,随着社会和经济的飞速发展,很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.44. 剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing D
11、ynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎,经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. 中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。Chinese paper cutting has a hi
12、story of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the jo
13、yous atmosphere.剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎,经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.55. 中国素有“茶的故乡”之称,是世界上最早种植茶、制作茶
14、、饮用茶的国家。茶的发现和利用是中国人对人类文化史的一大贡献。几千年来,中国人品茶的热情始终未减,因为茶是有益于健康的天然饮品。茶在中国人的社会和感情生活中都有着重要的作用。客来敬茶是中国较为普遍的习俗,不只是处于对客人的礼貌,而且也是一种亲近(togetherness)的象征和快乐的分享。中国素有“茶的故乡”之称,是世界上最早种植茶、制作茶、饮用茶的国家。China is well known as the homeland of tea. It is the first country to grow, produce and drink tea.茶的发现和利用是中国人对人类文化史的一大贡
15、献。The discovery and consumption of tea is a great contribution to the history of human culture.几千年来,中国人品茶的热情始终未减,因为茶是有益于健康的天然饮品。For thousands of years, Chines people have an untiring zeal for tea, because tea is a healthful natural drink.茶在中国人的社会和情感生活中都有重要的作用。Tea plays an important role in Chinese p
16、eoples social and emotional life.客来敬茶是中国较为普遍的习俗。Serving a cup of tea to the guest is a common practice in China.To serve a cup of tea./ It is a common practice to serve.不只是出于对客人的礼貌,而且也是一种亲近的象征和快乐的分享。it is not only out of politeness, but also is a symbol of togetherness and a way of sharing 6happines
17、s.6. 丝绸之路是历史上横贯欧亚大陆的贸易交通线,在历史上促进了欧亚非各国和中国的友好往来。中国是丝绸的故乡,在经由这条路线进行的贸易中,中国输出的商品以丝绸最具代表性。因此,当德国地理学家 Ferdinand 最早在 19 世纪 70 年代将之命名为“丝绸之路”后,即被广泛接受。同时,它也是一条东方与西方之间经济、政治、文化进行交流的主要道路。丝绸之路是历史上横贯欧亚大陆的贸易交通线,/在历史上促进了欧亚非各国和中国的友好往来。Silk Road is a trade route across the Eurasia(the European and Asian continent).It
18、 promoted the friendly exchanges between China and other countries in Europe, Asia and Africa.中国是丝绸的故乡,/在经由这条路线进行的贸易中,中国输出的商品以丝绸最具代表性。China is the homeland of silk. /Among all the traded products, silk is the most representative good exported from China(which was exported from China). 因此,当德国地理学家 Fer
19、dinand 最早在 19 世纪 70 年代将之命名为“丝绸之路”后,即被广泛接受。Therefore, since the German geographer Ferdinand first named it “Silk Road“ in the 1870s, it was widely accepted.同时,它也是一条东方与西方之间经济、政治、文化进行交流的主要道路。Meanwhile, it is also a major route for the economic, political and cultural exchanges 7between the East and the
20、 West / eastern and western countries.7. 关于中国美食(cuisine)的电视节目数不胜数,但像 舌尖上的中国(A Bite of China)这样受欢迎的不多。这部最新的七集纪录片,从地域、历史以及文化等方面深入探讨了中国人的饮食。中国美食有悠久的历史和富有特色的传统烹饪手法。这一节目试图呈现出更多有关食物的文化元素,如饮食习惯和饮食道德(ethic)。在展现中国饮食文化辉煌成就的同时,也反映出中国的社会变迁。关于中国美食(cuisine)的电视节目数不胜数,但像舌尖上的中国(A Bite of China)这样受欢迎的不多。There are num
21、erous TV programs on Chinese cuisine, but few are as popular as A Bite of China. 这部最新的七集纪录片,从地域、历史以及文化等方面深入探讨了中国人的饮食。The latest seven-episode documentary offers insights into the geographical, historical and cultural aspects of Chinese diets. 中国美食有悠久的历史和富有特色的传统烹饪手法。Chinese cuisine has a long history
22、 and distinctive traditional cooking techniques. 这一节目试图呈现出更多有关食物的文化元素,如饮食习惯和饮食道德(ethic)。The program tries to present more cultural elements related to food, such as eating habits and ethics. 在展现中国饮食文化辉煌成就的同时,也反映出中国的社会变迁。While it expresses the glory of Chinese food culture, it also reflects Chinas so
23、cial transformation.88. 中国长城是中国古代为抵御敌人的侵袭而修筑的伟大工程。它位于中国北部,全长约 8851.8 公里。它始建于 2000 多年前的春秋时期(the Spring and Autumn Period),秦始皇统一中国之后联成万里长城。汉、明两代(the Han and Ming Dynasties)又曾大规模修筑,因此它是世界上修建时间最长的一项古代工程。长城是人类文明史上最伟大的建造工程之一,被列为世界八大奇迹之一和世界文化遗产(heritage)。中国长城是中国古代为抵御敌人的侵袭而修筑的伟大工程。The Great Wall of China is
24、 a great project in ancient China constructed to defend against the attacks of enemies.它位于中国北部,全长约 8851.8 公里。It locates in the northern part of China and stretches for 8,851.8 kilometers. 它始建于 2000 多年前的春秋时期(the Spring and Autumn Period),秦始皇统一中国之后联成万里长城。First built in the Spring and Autumn Period ove
25、r 2,000 years ago, it was united to become “the Wall of 10,000 Li” after Qin Shi Huang unified China. 汉、明两代(the Han and Ming Dynasties)又曾大规模修筑,因此它是世界上修建时间最长的一项古代工程。The Han and Ming Dynasties saw extensive rebuilding and maintenance of the Great Wall. Thus it is an ancient project which consumed the
26、longest time in the world. 长城是人类文明史上最伟大的建造工程之一,被列为世界八大奇迹之一和世界文化遗产(heritage)。As one of the greatest constructions in the history of human civilization, the Great Wall 9has been listed as one of the Eight Wonders of the World and a world cultural heritage site.9. 孔子学院(Confucius Institute)是中国在世界各地设立的教育
27、和文化交流机构。推广汉语、传播中国文化是设立该机构的目的。孔子学院最重要的一项工作就是给世界各地的汉语学习者提供标准的教材以及正规的汉语学习渠道。全球首家孔子学院于 2004 年在韩国首尔(Seoul) 成立,目前已遍布 100 个国家。孔子学院有力地推动了中国文化与各国文化的交流与融合(integration)。孔子学院(Confucius Institute)是中国在世界各地设立的教育和文化交流机构。推广汉语、传播中国文化是设立该机构的目的。Confucius Institute is an institute of education and cultural communication
28、 established by China all over the world. Its aim is to promote Chinese language and spread Chinese culture. 孔子学院最重要的一项工作就是给世界各地的汉语学习者提供标准的教材以及正规的汉语学习渠道。The most important task of Confucius Institute is to provide standard textbooks and a formal channel to learn Chinese for learners all over the wor
29、ld. 全球首家孔子学院于 2004 年在韩国首尔(Seoul)成立,目前已遍布 100 个国家。The first Confucius Institute opened in 2004 in Seoul, South Korea. At present, it has been established in 106 countries. 孔子学院有力地推动了中国文化与各国文化的交流与融合(integration)。Confucius Institute has greatly promoted the exchange and integration of cultures between
30、China and the rest of the world.1010. 大熊猫被称为 “中国国宝” (Chinas national treasure) ,是中国特有的动物。大熊猫外表黑白相间,体形肥胖,是一种温顺可爱的动物。它们主要生活在中国西南地区,80%以上分布于四川境内。它们习惯居住在温暖潮湿的环境中,喜欢吃竹类。由于生育率低,对生活环境的要求又相当高,它们的数量越来越少。中国政府早已意识到这一问题的严重性,所以做出了很多努力来保护这一濒危物种。大熊猫被称为“中国国宝” (Chinas national treasure) ,是中国特有的动物。大熊猫外表黑白相间,体形肥胖,是一种温
31、顺可爱的动物。Referred to as “Chinas national treasure”, panda is an animal unique to China. With a black and white coat as well as a fat body, it is a gentle and lovely animal. 它们主要生活在中国西南地区,80%以上分布于四川境内。它们习惯居住在温暖潮湿的环境中,喜欢吃竹类。Pandas live mainly in the southwest part of China, over 80% of them living in Si
32、chuan Province. They are accustomed to living in warm and wet environment. Bamboo is their favorite food. 由于生育率低,对生活环境的要求又相当高,它们的数量越来越少。Because of low birth rate and high requirement for living environment, the number of pandas is declining. 中国政府早已意识到这一问题的严重性,所以做出了很多努力来保护这一濒危物种。Having realized the s
33、eriousness of the problem, Chinese government has made a lot of efforts to protect the endangered species.1111. 上海自贸区( Shanghai Free Trade Zone)是根据中国法律在上海设立的区域性经济特区。该区于 2013 年 8 月 22 日经国务院 (State Council)批准,于 9 月 29 日正式成立。它是中国主动选择的一个新的开放试点,意图以开放促进改革。自贸区的设立是中国面对全球经贸发展新趋势主动实施的一项重大措施。它有利于提高中国在全球的竞争优势,构
34、建与各国合作发展的新平台,拓展经济增长的新空间。上海自贸区(Shanghai Free Trade Zone)是根据中国法律在上海设立的区域性经济特区。Shanghai Free Trade Zone(FTZ) is a regional special economic zone launched in Shanghai according to Chinese laws.该区于 2013 年 8 月 22 日经国务院(State Council)批准,于 9 月 29 日正式成立。它是中国主动选择的一个新的开放试点,意图以开放促进改革。It was approved by State Co
35、uncil on August 22, 2013 and established in September 29. The FTZ is a new experimental unit of opening up selected voluntarily by China, which intends to boost reform via opening up. 自贸区的设立是中国面对全球经贸发展新趋势主动实施的一项重大措施。The establishment of the FTZ is a significant measure conducted voluntarily by China when facing the new trend in world economy and trade. 它有利于提高中国在全球的竞争优势,构建与各国合作发展的新平台,拓展经济增长的新空间。It will improve Chinas advantage in the global competition, construct a new platform of 12cooperation with other countries and expand new space in economic development.