1、welcome! Ladies and gentlemen!,Find out the predicate in the following sentences:,Dont teach fish to swim. 不要班门弄斧。Reading books makes one wise. 读书使人明智This is a book written by Balzac. 这是巴尔扎克写的一本书。,Warm-up Exercises,非谓语,沙莎,L/O/G/O,什么是非谓 语动词啊？,“非谓语非谓语”,就是不是谓语的动词呗!,那不是谓语是什么呢？,。,非谓语,在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形
2、式叫做非谓语动词。,e.g.Mr. Yao came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. A smiling face .The cup was broken by my brother.,它不受人称和数的限制 e.g. My father is sad. My parents are sad. I am sad. My father (or My parents) being sad,何时使用非谓语,01,非谓语类型,02,不定式,to dodoing -ed,03,Contents,时态语态句法功能难点,When?何时使用非
3、谓语,英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构,如果出现更多动词： 加连词（and / but / so） 放入从句 变为非谓语动词,e.g.The listeners _(take) their seats, the concert began.,After the listeners took their seats =,The listeners having taken their seats,Grammatical Forms (时态和语态）,1.一般式：to do,2. 进行式：to be doing,3. 完成体形式：to have -ed 分词,4. 否定: not/never to do
4、,5. 被动态: to be + -ed分词 或 to have been + -ed分词,He seems to study,同时,将来,特殊,He seems to study He seems to be studying. He seemed to study English. He will try to study English.,时态,一般式表示与谓语的动作同时,He hopes to study English. = (He hopes that he will study English)He hoped to study English. = (He hoped that
5、 he would study.),如果谓语动词表示希望，愿望，决定等，不定式表示的时间比同句子、谓语动词表示的时间要晚一些。,He hoped to have studied English.,过去时谓语动词的不定时完成形式表示过去未实现的愿望。,To learn a foreign language is not easy.,句法功能,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.It is not easy to learn a foreign language.,他那样做很聪明：,It is adj. of sb. to do sth. 形容词能修饰sb. 和to do sth.
6、It is adj. for sb. to do sth. 形容词只能修饰to do sth.,主语 Subject,It was very clever of him to do it like that.,对他来说，说声再见是很难的：,It was hard for him to say goodbye.,To see is to believe.,Her job _ . (照顾孩子),表语 Predicative,is to look after the children,John decided to marry her.,She promises _ . （嫁给John）,疑问词+不
7、定式I cannot tell what to do. (= tell what I must do.) Consider whom to apply to (=consider whom we must apply to.)只跟不定式做宾语的动词,to marry John,宾语Object,The doctor told me to have a rest.,The doctor advised him_. （去南方）,宾补 Complement,to go to the south,I want something to eat.,There is nothing _. (没什么可担心的
8、) ）,定语Attributive,to worry about,e.g. I have a few letters _. （一些信要写） This pen is good _. (这支钢笔写起来很好用),(注意，做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，根据意义或结构上的需要，加入适当的介词),to write,to write with,He studied hard to pass the exam.,He worked hard _ . （却失败了）,状语 (Adverbial),only to fail,常带only 这个词，表明这是结果不是目的,句法功能 小结,宾语,主语,表语,定语,宾补,
9、状语,1,4,1. 何时用不加 “to” 的不定式,2 省略和单独使用,3. 只跟不定式做宾语的动词,2,3,4. 重要句型 -,难点,何时用不加 “to” 的不定式,He let his children _ do anything they like. Paul doesnt have to be made _ learn. He always works hard. A: I usually go there by train. B: Why not _ try going by boat for a change? Sarah was looking for someone _ hel
10、p her. I heard Mary _ sing. He has nothing to do except _ talk nonsense.She had no choice but _ obey. Rather than _ cause trouble, he left.He decided to dance rather than _ swim. I decide to write to him and _ make a suggestion.,(/),(/),(/),(/),(/),(/),(to),(to),(to),(均可),除了识（使）宾，感宾，知宾,情态半助力，情成因习惯,W
11、hy/Why not love me?,口诀,情态半助力,情态助动词和半助动词e.g. We neednt stay this evening. (情态助动词) We dont need to stay this evening. (主动词),情成因习惯,情态成语 would rather/would sooner/ would (just) as soon (宁愿)，may/ might (just) as well (不妨，可以)，cannot but/cannot help but (不能不)e.g . I cannot but admire his courage. He could
12、not choose but _ obey.,习惯用语make believe (假装)，make do (with/on) (凑合，将就，靠维持)，let drop/let fall （有意无意说出），let go (of)/ leave go of (放开，放手)等e.g. He let fall a hint of his intentions. 让我们假装我们有一百万美元。 Lets make believe we have a million dollars. I often heard tell of such things. 我时常听人说起这类事情。 Come have a ch
13、at with me.,除了,在except, but, besides 前有行为动词do的各种形式，其后通常用不带to 不定式 e.g. They did nothing except work. He wanted nothing but _ stay there.,类推：在SVC句型中，若 主语部分有动词 “do” 的某种形 式，则做主语补语的不定式可带to 也可不带。 （SVC 主动补，谓语动词通常是联系动词） e.g. All you do now is (to) complete the form.,to,识（使）宾，感宾，知宾,识（使）宾: 使役动词 (let, make, ha
14、ve) +宾语 e.g. Lucy made boyfriend John buy five computers. John was made to buy five computers for Lucy.,感宾: 感觉动词+宾语 e.g. I saw her enter the cinema. She was seen to enter the cinema.,知宾: “have known + 宾语” “听过，看过” e.g. I have never known that man smile That man has never been known to smile.,Why/Why
15、not love me?,以why为首的疑问句e.g. Why not marry him? Why spend such a lot of money?,巩固练习：,Rather than run the risk of losing everything they accepted his term. I would rather go than to stay. You cant help but to laugh at him. Youd better hurry up if you want to catch the 1:15 train. I have no choice but
16、to accept the fact. The prisoners were let to go. I saw Michel eat five apples.Why dont you get your wife to explain it to you?,T,T,T,T,F,F,F,T,省略和单独使用,1. 避免重复，省去to后动词原形及其补足成分，多用于口语A: Will you join us in a walk? B: Ill be glad to. (to join)A: Why did you take a taxi? B: I had to. I was late.,2. 两个不定
17、式由and, or, 或than 连接，为避免重复，第二个动词不定式可省去to.Its kind of you to come and see me. Do you want to have lunch now or _ wait till later? Its better to laugh than _ cry.,两个不定式有对比含义时，第二个不定式的to不省略。 e.g. To be, or not to be, that is the question. (存在还是毁灭，是个要考虑的问题。),Please go to the seaside to swim, and get sunta
18、nned.,在不用并列连词的情况下, 第二个不定式的to不省略。,Please go to the seaside to swim, to get suntanned.,Read not to contradict or confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. (当三个或三个以上带to不定式构成排比句时，所有不定式符号均需保留)。,只跟不定式做宾语的动词;,口诀：决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未
19、能做的事决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事decide to do sth. 决定做某事 want would like to do sth. 想做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事 be used to do 被用来做,迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 Cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下决心做某事 used to do 过去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事,重要句型,1.
20、 tooto do表示肯定的情况 当only too和 all too与动词不定式连用时，表示肯定意义。如： Im only too pleased to help you. too ready/apt/anxious/eager/glad/willing(表示心情或情绪)to do，其后的动词不定式具有肯定意义，这时too相当于very。 never (not) tooto句型为“不会太所以能”之意。如：One is never too old to learn.,There be :,Theres plenty of work to do. Theres plenty of work to
21、 be done.,(Somebody has to do the work),(The work has to be done.),在there+be 句型中，动词不定式作定语时可能出现动词不定式的被动式，其含义与主动式基本相同。但当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，不定式用被动形式。,Assignments,P223Translation,Summary,Review what we have learned about infinitive,我不习惯午饭吃那么多,Im not used to eating so much at l
22、unchtime.,Be used to sth/doing sth.,环境污染是一项难以应付的问题,Environmental pollution is a hard problem to be coped with.,这是一本好书，有许多值得学习的东西。,This is a good book in which there is much to be learnt.,我兄弟是被接见的第三个人。,My brother was the third person to be interviewed.,-ing 分词 -ed分词,课前练习：,巩固练习：,Rather than run the ri
23、sk of losing everything they accepted his term. I would rather go than to stay. You cant help but to laugh at him. Youd better hurry up if you want to catch the 1:15 train. I have no choice but to accept the fact. The prisoners were let to go. I saw Michel eat five apples.Why dont you get your wife to explain it to you?,T,T,T,T,F,F,F,F,Thank You!,
