1、非谓语动词,1.谓语动词：,概述：,2. 非谓语动词：,在句子中担任谓语的动词,是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。,非谓语动词使用条件,She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.,1. There have been several new events added to the program for the 2008
2、Beijing Olympic Games. 2. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always offering the same excuse. 3. In the dream Peter saw himself ran after by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly. 4. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket covering the desert. 5. Th
3、e Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games to be held in Beijing in 2008.,找出谓语及非谓语,There have been several new events added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always offering the same excuse. In the dream
4、Peter found himself ran after by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket covering the desert. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games to be held in Beijing in 2008.,非谓语动词在句子的作用,非谓语动词在句子的作用,不定式、动名词用作主语,动名词作主语,1。直接作主语：,（1）眼见为实。 （2）天天做早操有益于健康。 （3）
5、吸烟不是好习惯。,1.Seeing is believing. 2.Doing morning exercises every day is good for health 3.Smoking is not a good habit,2.用it作形式主语，常与no use,no good,useless, worthwhile连用,（1）光说不做没用 （2）做无益的后悔没用 （3）吸烟太多无益,1.Its no use talking too much without doing anything 2.Its no use crying over the spilt milk. 3.Its n
6、o good smoking too much,不定式作主语,1。直接作主语 （1）眼见为实 （2）今天早晨做早操对身体无益 （3）在这里吸烟很危险,1.To see is to believe 2.To do morning exercises today is not good for health. 3.To smoke here is dangerous,2。用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型,（1）你这么说真是太好了 （2）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了 （3）我们学好英语是必要的,1.It is very kind of you to say so. 2.Its very foolish
7、of him to say such things 3.It is necessary for us to learn English well,小结：动名词与不定式作主语时的区别,一、对称原则二、特殊表达三、习惯用法,主语和表语对称,动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作 不定式表示具体的、某一次的动作,Its no use/no good /useless/worthwhile + doing Its kind/wise/clever of sb to do sth Its important/necessary/hard for sb to do sth,_(没有用) learning wit
8、hout practice Its no good _（光说不做） 3. Its necessary_(我们学好英语） 4. It very kind _ （你帮助我） 5. How long _（你每天参加体育活动？） 6. Because of the heavy sand storm, _(今天做晨练）is of no benefit to you.,Its no use,talking too much without doing anyting.,for us to learn English well,of you to help me,does it take you to do
9、 sport every day,to do morning exercises today,常见动词有：,(2)作宾语,I want to know this matter.,like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate等,I dont expect to meet you here.,1).,不定式做宾
10、语,1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they? 2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor. 3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor. 4. My daughter preferred _ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties. 5. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand.,to get,to be,to go,to dance,to give,常见的只能用不定式作宾语的动词(短语),名
11、师课堂P216,B. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词: tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain know, show, discover, see(understand) He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book. I hope youll advise me what to do.,常见的只能接-ing形式作宾语的动词（短语）,名师课堂P216,-ing 作宾语,在forget ,re
12、member ,regret ,want ,need ,require ,try ,stop ,go on,mean等动词后，可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语，但含义差别。 1 forget ,remember , regret +doing 动作已经发生+to do 动作未发生 2 want ,need ,require + doing 表被动= to be done 注：be worth doing = be worthy to be done3 try doing 试着做 try to do 尽力做，想要做4 stop doing 停止做某事，(先后是一件事).stop to do 停下来
13、做某事,(先后不是同一件事)5 go on doing 继续做某事，(先后 是同一件事 )go on to do 接下来做某事，(先后不是同一件事),3.注意下列7种不同动词或句型的用法,6 mean doing 意味着做某事mean to do 故意或想要做某事 7 cant help doing sth 抑制不住、禁不住做某事cant help (to) do sth 无帮助、无助于做某事,Do you remember _（以前见过这个人吗）? Dont waste time _(劝他戒烟）I would rather stay at home _(也不出去玩） Do you think
14、 it necessary _(我们学好英语）？On hearing the news, Tom _(抑制不住哭了）. Little Sophia went to the theater, only _(被告知演出结束了）,to be told that the performance had been over,seeing the man before,advising him to give up smoking,than go out to play,for us to learn English well,couldnt help crying,作表语,1. 动名词作表语 1 对称原
15、则，主语是动名词，表语一般也用动名词 Seeing is believing 2 动名词作表语表明主语的性质或内容（有时可与主语互换） My job is teaching you English Teaching you English is my job.,2. 不定式作表语: (1)计划，趋势将要做的 she is to get married next week. (2)责任，义务必须做的 Im to see you off at the airport tomorrow (3)祈使,命令不得不做的 Youre to stand here ,do you understand . (4
16、)命运安排,注定做的 Disney met the mouse and he was to become a famous artist.,分词作表语表示主语的特点特征. 现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动；不及物动词的过去分词表示完成 The book is interesting and the students are moved . The leaves are fallen.,-ing分词做表语具有主动的概念，一般用来描述某人或某事物的性质，解释为“令人.”。,convincing（令人信服的）delighting（令人高兴的）disappointing（令人失望的）embarras
17、sing（令人窘迫的）encouraging（令人鼓舞的）exciting（令人激动的）interesting（令人有趣的）moving（令人感动的）puzzling（令人费解的）refreshing（令人提神的）satisfying（令人满意的）surprising（令人惊异的）worrying（令人担心的）,例如：The argument is very convincing.,-ed分词做表语具有被动的概念，一般表示某人对某事的感觉或者体验，解释为“感到.”。,confused（感到困惑的） delighted（感到高兴的）disappointed（感到失望的） dissatisfied
18、（感到不满的） embarrassed（感到窘迫的） encouraged（感到鼓舞的） excited（感到激动的） interested（感到高兴的） pleased（感到愉快的） puzzled（感到费解的） satisfied（感到满意的） surprised（感到惊异的） worried（感到担心的）,作定语,动名词作定语 表示被修饰词用途 drinking water =the water that is (used )for drinking drinking water , living room ,sitting room ,washing powder,分词作定语， 表被修
19、饰词的特点、特征.单个分词作定语前置，分词 短语作定语，放在所修饰词之后。现在分词和过去分词的区别：时 态上，现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示已经完成；语态上， 现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动 boiling water =the water that is boiling. sleeping child =the child who is asleep There was a surprised look on her face at the news.,动词不定式作定语 1.后置，表示将来 In the years to come, we will study harder and
20、harder. This is the Hope Project School to be built next year.,1. Do you know the girl _ (名叫沙丽的）？ Who is the woman _ (站在柜台后的） What is the house _(在建的）used for? Well move into the building _(明年竣工的） Her wish _（当一名作家）will surely come true.,called/named Sally,standing behind the counter,being built,to b
21、e completed next year,to be a writer,非谓语动词作补语,一、带to的不定式作宾补 A 在 allow, ask, advise, beg, command, cause, encourage, expect, force, get, hate invite like order permit prefer remind tell urge want ,wish等动词后,用带to的不定式作宾补 (1)I prefer you _( play) all day long. (2)Id like you _( help) me with my homework.,
22、二、“短语动词 + 宾语 + 带to的不定式” 这类动词有arrange for, ask for, call on, count on, depend on, long for, rely on, wait for 1.You can not count on Tom_( help) you. 2. Chairman Mao called on us _(serve) the people heart and soul.,to play,to help,to help,to serve,三、省to的不定式作宾补：宾补省to记11,一感二听三使役; 五看一帮两均可,被动该to不能弃. feel
23、, hear, listen to, have, let, make, see, look at, notice, observe, watch, help We often see them_( play) football; They are often seen _( play) football He was made _( stand )outside for two hours,play,to play,to stand,分词短语作宾补 能带现在分词做宾补的动词有:have ,get ,keep ,set ,send ,leave, catch, hear ,listen to,f
24、eel , see , find ,look at ,watch ,observe ,notice My father had only two men _(work) for him Dont have the horse _(run) so fast ,Its dangerous . Have you noticed the boy _(pass) across the street ?,working,running,passing,过去分词作宾补 二、能带过去分词作宾补的动词有 make ,have ,get leave 及感官动词 see ,watch ,look at ,find
25、hear listen to ,feel 等. 宾语与补语的关系是被动含义时，用过去分词作宾补I was surprised to see so many people _(seat) at the back of the class. I have never heard this song _(sing) so sweetly Youd better get your bike _(repair) at once,seated,sung,repaired,1.They required me _(不要泄漏秘密） 2._（我们劝他戒烟）,but he wouldnt. 3.We often
26、go and see them _(打篮球） 4.They were made _(夜以继日地干活） 5.The thief was caught _(在商店里偷窃） 6.They are expected _(越来越努力学习）,not to let out the secret,We advised him to give up smoking,play basketball,to work day and night,stealing in a shop,to study harder and harder,非谓语动词作状语,（1）不定式做状语，表示原因,目的或结果。为了强调目的,可与in
27、 order to 或so as to 连用。1,I reached home only to find my old dog dead . 2, He got up early (in order) to catch the early bus . 3,To improve our English, we come here. 4, Im so glad to see you. 5,They went to the railway station, only to be told that the train had left.注: (1)“only + 不定式”表示出乎预料的结果. He
28、went to the seaside only to be drowned,(2)不定 式表结果常与下列结构连用. A, so + adj/ adv + as(not) to do (如此以至于(没） ) Im not so stupid as to do that. B, such + ( adj ) n + as (not)to do (如此以至于(不) ) Im not such a fool as to believe that. C, enough + n + to do (足够 ) I dont have enough money to buy a car. D, adj/adv
29、 + enough + to do (足已到/能 ) The girl is old enough to go to school. E, too + adj / adv + to do (太 以至于不能) Im too tired to go any further.,分词作状语,分词作状语可以表示时间，条件，原因，结果，伴随或方式 ，及独立成分。分词作状语的首要条件是分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，分词与逻辑主语的关系是主动的，用现在分词，反之，用过去分词1, Hearing the news ,he couldnt help laughing .（时间） = 2, Given enough
30、time ,I can do it better （条件） = 3, Being ill ,he didnt go to school （原因） =,when he heard the news,If I am given enough time,Because he was ill,1.He came into the room , _(后面簇拥着许多学生） 2.His mother died, _(使他成为一个孤儿） 3.He went to the railway station, _(却得知火车已经开了）. 4.We got up early _(为了赶上早班车） 5. _(从山顶上看
31、）,the park looks more beautiful. 6._（作为学生），he always keeps a civil tongue.7.One is never too old _ (而不能学习）,followed by many students,leaving him an orphan,only to be told that the train had left,so as to catch the early bus,Being a student,to learn,Seen from the top of the hill,非谓语动词的时态、语态,to do,to
32、have done,doing,to be doing,being done,to have been done,having done,to be done,having been done,done 是 唯一 形式,1._(没有完成作业),Tom was forbidden to watch TV. 2._(正在刷油漆), the house was not allowed to enter. 3._(被邀请参加舞会), Mary felt excited. 4.The man who was on duty that day _ (应受谴责） 5.When the teacher cam
33、e in, Tom _(假装再看书）,Having been invited,is to blame,pretended to be reading,Not having finished his homework,Being painted,With 结构,With + 名词或代词（宾格）+ 名词（短语）+ 不定式（短语）+现在分词（短语）+过去分词（短语）+介词短语+形容词（短语）+副词（短语）,He came into the room with Tom and Jane his classmateswith a lot of work to dowith his nose bleedi
34、ng.with his hair tied at the back.with a pair of sun glasses on his nose.with his face red with coldwith nothing on.,分词和不定式的独立成分,分词或分词短语作独立成份（作状语或插入语） strictly speaking ,generally speaking , frankly speaking ,judging from ,broadly speaking , talking of , considering , supposing, Taking into consider
35、ation, 例如 Strictly speaking， this sentence is wrong . Judging by the facts , Tom told us the truth . The house cost him, roughly speaking, 200,000 dollars,不定式或不定式短语作独立成份（状语或插入语） to tell (you )the truth, to be, honest, to be frank, to be exact, to be brief to begin with, to start with, to do him justice (说句对他公道的话）To tell you the truth, I do want to learn English well. To be frank, you have probably done wrong to her.,
