1、非谓语动词,非谓语动词用法比较详析,非谓语动词用法比较详析,1、作主语,动名词一般表示比较抽象的一般行为 不定式表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作。常用于It is + adj./n. + to do 的句型中。,Smoking is not allowed here.(表习惯、爱好、或抽象的动作、经常做的事情。) 2. To smoke so much is not good for you. (表具体的、一次性动作、要做的事情。),2. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president
2、 will attend B. The president to attendC. The president attendedD. The presidents attending,1. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. To lose C. Losing D. Because of losing,2、作表语,动名词一般表示比较抽象的一般行为。 不定式表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作。,Their job is building houses. (抽象、经常的动作) The
3、ir work is to build another bridge across the river. (具体、要做的动作),A. 动名词和不定式作表语的区别,2、作表语,现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。现在分词表示“令人的”，过去分词表示“感到”.常见的分词有：amazed / amazing, excited / exciting, bored / boring, annoyed / annoying, interested / interesting, pleased / pleasing, tired / tiring, surprised / s
4、urprising, worried/ worrying , satisfied / satisfying, amused / amusing,The news was exciting. He appeared satisfied with my answer.,B. 现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别,Oh！ My God! A file seems _ by mistake!A. deleted B. to be deletedC. being deleted D. to have been deleted,2. This couple was very _ when they knew t
5、hat they were envied because of their dwelling place.A. surprising B. to be surprisedC. surprised D. surprise,3、作宾语,1) 动名词可作动词和介词的宾语 2) 动词不定式一般作动词的宾语，疑问词to do可作介词的宾语。,They preferred walking to school to cycling. They preferred to stay at home rather than go out in such hot weather. Our English teach
6、er often gives us some advice on how to learn English.,1. I dont want _like I m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager s plan is unfair.A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded,2. The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief bei
7、ng caughtD. the thief to be caught,动词宾语时，两种结构在意义上有时差别不大，这样的动词有：like, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, propose, deserve, need, cant bear, 等。,Do you like playing (to play) chess? When did you begin learning (to learn) English? Your suit needs ironing ( to be ironed).,3、作宾语,注意,【1】
8、在like ,hate, prefer 等动词之后，如果表示一般倾向，多用动名词作宾语； 如指特定的或某次行动，多用不定式。,I like reading books of this kind, but I dont like to read that book. She prefer walking to cycling. I prefer to stay at home today.,注意,【2】在begin, start后，如果表示有意识地开始做某事，多用动名词；如果动作自动或突然开始，则多用不定式。,He began talking about his plan for summer
9、holiday. Suddenly it began to rain. We started working on the program in 2001.,2) 作动词宾语时，两种结构在意义上有时差别很大。有： remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, continue, mean, try, 等。 remember/ forget/ regret +v-ing 已经发生的动作， remember/ forget/ regret + v-ing 动作还没有发生。 stop/ go on to do 停下来、继续去做另一件事 stop/ go on doin
10、g 停止/继续正在做的动作 try doing 尝试着做 try to do sth. 试图做，尽力做,mean doing 意思是,意味着 mean to do 打算要做,3) 在动词want , require, need, 等后动词不定式（短语）作宾语时，用人作主语；名词作宾语时（=to be done)，用物作主语。,Someone needs to see you , sir. The wall needs repairing(= to be repaired). I want to go to the barbers because my hair wants cutting(=
11、to be cut).,1. - I usually go there by train.- Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going,2. -You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done,3. The librar
12、y needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned,She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest,4、作宾语补足语,现在分词表示主动进行； 过去分词表示被动完成。,I found them painting the windows. I fou
13、nd the windows painted.,I heard a little girl singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. I I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.,在see, hear, notice等感官动词和have等使役动词之后，1) doing 表示动作正在进行发生2）to do 表示动作已经发生,动作全过程已结束；3）done表示一个被动动作。,I saw
14、 him go upstairs. I saw him going upstairs. Dont have me waiting for you outside . I wont. I just have my hair cut.,4、作宾语补足语,1Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again.A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive 2. The mangers discussed the plan that they wo
15、uld like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying outC. carried out D. to carry out,1. 动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途，常常放在所修饰名词之前； 2. 动词不定式作定语表未发生的动作，常常放在所修饰名词之后。,The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. His attempt to solve the difficult problem failed again. These passages may be used as listenin
16、g materials.,5、作定语,5、作定语,1、现在分词作定语与被修饰名词在逻辑上是主谓关系，说明被修饰词的动作或特征；2、过去分词作定语时与修饰词在逻辑上是被动关系，所表示的动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间性。,The meeting held last week is very important. They lived in a room facing the south. I hate to see letters written in pencil.,1. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fan
17、tastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded,2. When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians _ jewelry made of animal bones greeted them warmly.A. having worn B. to wearC. worn D. wearing,3. With a lot of difficult problems _,
18、the newly-elected president is having a hard time.,settled B. settling C.to settle D. being settled,4.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.,to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing,分词可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、 目的、让步等状语。,Hearing the new, they immediately set off for Shangha
19、i. Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball. If bitten by a snake, you should send for help and dont walk.,6、作状语,Not having done his homework, he was afraid to be punished. Being so poor in those days, we couldnt afford to send the boy to hospital They opened fire，killing one of our pol
20、icemen The girl returned home, followed by his boyfriend.,6、作状语,分词可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步等状语。,The whole family went to beach to spend their weekend. A few days later he came back only to find that she had left.I am glad to see you.,6、作状语,不定式作状语表示： 1.目的- to/ in order to /so as to/ 2.结果表示出人预料的情况或结果。常用
21、only强调。 3.原因表示造成情感变化的原因。,1. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken2. _ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. AHaving found BFinding out CFind out DTo find out,
22、3. _ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separated B. Having separatedC To be separated D. Having been separated,4. the news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. A. to tel
23、l B. to be told C. telling D. told,5. In order to make our city green, _.A. it is necessary to have planted more treesB. many more trees need to plantC. our city need more treesD. we must plant more trees.,6. In order to improve English, _. A. Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes B. Jenny bought
24、a lot of tapes for herselfC. a lot of tapes were bought by JennyD. a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father.,现在分词的被动式（being done）强调某一动作正在被进行中； 过去分词表示某一（被动）动作已经（结束）完成，不强调时间概念； 不定式的被动式（to be done）表示一个还没有发生的被动动作。,The building being repaired is our library. Xiao Wang fell asleep with the window open
25、and the curtain drawn. Hi, Lucy, the boss has another document to be typed.,难点突破,非谓语被动形式区别,The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having been written B. to be written C. being written D. written 2. Unless _ to speak，you should remainsilent at the conference A. invited B. to be invited C. being invited D. having invited,
