1、1,Appetizer,16.都十点钟了。起床了，懒虫！ 误 Its ten oclock. Get up, lazy worm! 17.我唯一的资本就是勤奋。 误 My only capital is diligence. 18.这家商店开辟了休息处，受到顾客的称赞 误 This department store has set up a resting-place, much to the customers appreciation. 19.大家都怀疑汤姆是个间谍。 误 Everyone doubts that Tom is a spy. 20. 我们俩关系最好，他经常来我这儿蹲饭吃。
2、误 We are best friends. He always comes here to have meals for free.,2,16. 正 Its ten oclock. Get up, lazy bones! 注：“懒虫”并非真是一条虫，只不过被用来形容人很懒惰罢了。英语里与之对应的说法是 lazy bones（懒骨头）。注意，这里的 bone 应以复数形式出现，也许是因为不会只有一根骨头懒吧！ 17. 正 My only means to success is diligence. 注：原文的“资本”是借喻，实际指“可以依靠并取得成功的手段”。而英语的 capital 指 mo
3、ney used to produce more wealth or for starting a business，并没有中文那样的引申意思。所以，这里的“资本”不能与 capital 画等号。也有人用 advantage 来翻译“资本”，虽然不尽意，但至少可以让读者理解。 18. 正 This department store has set up a lounge, much to the customers appreciation. 注：英语的 resting-place 虽然有“休息处”的意思，但更经常的是用来指“坟墓”，即“最后安息之处”。因此，把公共场所的“休息处”译为 res
4、ting-place 不很合适。也有人将它译为 rest-room，但那更不妥当，因为英语中的 rest-room 是“厕所”的委婉说法，而“休息处”不是这个意思。,3,19. 正 Everyone suspects that Tom is a spy. 注：doubt 作“怀疑”讲，是“不相信”的意思；而 suspect 作“怀疑”讲，是指“对.有所察觉”。第一句译文犯了两个错误：首先，doubt 不能接 that 从句，只有not doubt that 和 doubt if/whether；其次，它所表达的意思是“大家对汤姆是间谍这件事表示怀疑”，即“大家不相信汤姆是间谍”，与原文的意思恰
5、好相反。 20. 正 We are best friends. He always comes here to bum meals off me. 注：第一句只表明“他常到我这儿来白吃白喝”，但朋友这间那种亲密关系没有体现出来。而 bum sth. off sb. 指向非常熟的朋友要一些不起眼的小东西，而朋友也不会介意还不还。,4,经典古文翻译,但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。 We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart. 独在异
6、乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。 A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day. 大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。 The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years. 二人同心，其利断金。 If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness ca
7、n cut through metal.,5,富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能曲，此之谓大丈夫。 It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。 A bosom friend afar brings distance near. 合抱之木，生于毫末，九层之台，起于累土；千里之行始于足下。 A huge tree that fills ones arms g
8、rows from a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step. 祸兮，福之所依；福兮，祸之所伏。 Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies.,6,翻译赏析,“近朱者赤，近墨者黑” 如何翻译？ 我们常说，交友和择邻的时候要注意“近朱者赤，近墨者黑”，那么这种说法如何翻译成英
9、语才算地道呢？ 我们先来看看汉英词典中的翻译： One who stays near vermilion gets stained red, and one who stays near ink gets stained black. 或 One takes on the color of ones company. 也有人将这句话译成：When you touch black, you become black, when you touch red, you become red.,7,英语国家中也有一些相近的表达方式，来看看下面这三种译法。 One takes the behavior
10、of ones company.(一个人的行为，往往受到朋友的影响。) One takes on the attributes of ones associates. (attributes 复数时是指品质、特性；associates 指朋友、同事) Watch the company you keep！(小心交朋友！) 最后，我们再来看一个例句： As one who lies with dogs will ride with fleas, how could your son learn anything good by mixing with those people? 就像和狗躺在一起
11、的人身上会爬满虱子，你儿子跟那些人混在一起，能学出个好样来? 具体选用那种翻译方法，我们要根据实际情况而定。,8,（1） Make yourself heard. 理解就是沟通。（爱立信） （2） Start ahead. 成功之路，从头开始。（飘柔） （3） Connecting people. 科技以人为本。（诺基亚） （4） Lets make things better. 让我们做得更好。（飞利浦） （5） Good to the last drop 滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。（麦斯威尔咖啡）,9,（6） Poetry in motion, dancing close to me 动态的诗，
12、向我舞近。（丰田汽车） （7） Ask for more. 渴望无限（百事流行鞋） （8） The choice of a new generation. （9） 要买房，到建行。 Wanna a house of your own, buy one with our loan. （10）没有最好，只有更好。 Good, better, best, never let it rest.,10,（1） EBEL, the architects of time. EBEL手表，时间的设计师。 （2） Wherever it hurts, well heal it. 不管它哪里疼痛，我们都会使它愈合
13、。 （3） Make Time For Time. 阅读时代能为您赢得时间。 （4） Live well, Snack well. 美好生活，离不开香脆的饼干。 （5） M & Ms melt in your mouth, not in your hands. 只溶在口，不溶在手。 （6） Making a big world smaller. 我们把世界变小了。,11,push money 推销回扣 roadside poster 路边广告牌 zoned campaigns 某地区的广告攻势 a complete range of specifications 规格齐全 a great va
14、riety of models 款式多样 attractive and durable 美观耐用 at moderate cost/price 价格合理 choice material 选料考究 complete range of articles 品种齐全 courteous service 服务周到 dependable performance 性能可靠 have a reliable reputation 信誉可靠 durable in use 经久耐用 economy and durability 经济耐用 elegant and graceful 典雅大方 popular both
15、at home and abroad 驰名中外 excellent in quality 品质优良 quality and quantity assured 保证质量,12,Our product wins a high reputation and is widely trusted at home and abroad. 产品深受国内外用户的信赖 与称赞。 Inquiries and orders are warmly welcome. 竭诚欢迎客户惠购。 Please order now! 预购从速! Local sales agents are invited. 诚征各地区代理商。 I
16、nquires are welcome! 欢迎垂询！ with a long-standing reputation 久负盛名 goods genuine and price reasonable 货真价实 unparalleled both in beauty and in art 制作精良，外观华美，无与 伦比 exquisite in workmanship 做工讲究 sophisticated technologies 工艺精良 comfortable and easy to wear 舒适轻便 fine quality 质地优良 general wholesale 百货批发 pres
17、tige first 信誉至上 quality first, customers first 质量第一，用户第一 selling well all over the world 畅销全球,13,A penny soul never comes to two pence. 志小之人不能成大事。Advertising may be described as the science of arresting human intelligence long enough to get money from it. 广告可被视为一种长久蒙蔽人类智慧以期从中赚钱的技巧。Gain at the expens
18、e of reputation should be called loss.Syrus 失荣而获，虽获犹失。赛勒斯,14,翻译趣谈,1. 想當然 There is no love lost between Peter and John. 彼得和約翰友好如故。Peter and John dislike each other. There is animosity between Peter and John. 彼得和約彼此厭惡 / 並不喜歡對方。,15,Before one can say Jack Robinson. He opened fire before you could say J
19、ack Robinson. 在你能夠說傑克魯賓遜之前, 他已經開槍了。 說時遲, 那時快 / 剎那間, 他已經開槍了。There is a battle royal going on in Parliament. 國會有一場皇家戰爭在進行。 國會有一場混戰在進行。He has two left feet. 他有兩隻左腳。 他笨極了。,16,My foot! 我的腳。 胡說!He sat at Picassos feet 他在畢加索腳下坐著。 他拜畢加索為師。He was carried out with his feet foremost。 他被抬出去, 兩隻腳向著最前。 他被抬出去埋葬。He
20、 is bright in the eye. 他的眼睛明亮。 他喝醉了。,17,2.未能識別最危險的陷阱,Now, now, stop yelling. 現在, 現在, 停止叫喊。 好啦, 好啦, 別再叫喊了。 Now: “exclam.: expressing surprise or indignation” (Concise Oxford English Dictionary).What does HK stand for? Why, even an E.T. knows that. 為甚麼, 這個連外星人都曉得了。 哎呀, 這個連外星人都曉得了。 Why: “interj. (expre
21、ssing surprise, impatience, etc.)” (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English).,18,Oh, boy, hes finally gone. 噢, 孩子, 他終於走了。 啊, 他終於走了。Boy, or Oh, boy: “interj. expressing surprise, pleasure, relief or contempt” (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English). Italian saying: “A
22、guest is like a fish: after three days, it stinks.” “Lospite come il pesce, dopo tre giorni, puzza.” 客人像魚, 三天過了就變臭。,19,3. 不熟悉中英文的區別,a. 英文句子長, 中文句子短 是日風和日麗,徧地黃金, 青衫紅袖, 越阡度陌, 蝶蜂亂飛, 令人不飲自醉。既而酒肴俱熟, 坐地大嚼。擔者頗不俗, 拉與同飲, 遊人見之莫不羡為奇想。杯盤狼藉, 各已陶然, 或坐或臥, 或歌或嘯。紅日將頹, 余思粥, 擔者即為買米煑之, 果腹而歸。(沈復:浮生六記閑情記趣),20,The boy who
23、 wears a white shirt which is made of cotton produced in the United States, where rainfall is abundant, so that agriculture, on which the economy of the country depends, flourishes, is a student whom everybody who lives in the same neighbourhood recognizes.穿白襯衣的孩子, 住在同一區的人都認識。(孩子的)白襯衣是棉造的, 棉花由美國出產。美
24、國的雨量充沛, 因此國家經濟所依靠的農業欣欣向榮。從句之內有從句( subordinate clauses within subordinate clauses)中文走直線(linear)英文走曲線(circular)如瑜伽大師,21,我的明天將滿八十歲的、喜歡打高爾夫球的、又喜歡聽披頭四的歌曲的舅舅是一個全國十三億人民都仰慕的大畫家。前飾(premodification)過長我的舅舅是全國十三億人民仰慕的大畫家, 明天就滿八十。他喜歡打高爾夫球, 又喜歡聽披頭四的歌曲。剛滿18歲的全國政協副主度席霍英東孫兒霍啟仁, Bad Boy事件簿源源不絕放送(二零零六年九月三日本港某報章)今天下午,
25、三位莎士比亞研究學者到本校訪問。今天下午, 三位研究莎士比亞的學者到本校訪問。,22,b. 英文多用代名詞(pronoun), 中文重複主詞(subject)或省畧主詞 /代名詞 / 所有格限定詞(possessive determiner)When I opened my eyes, I heard birds singing.我張開眼睛, 就聽見眾鳥歌唱。我張開我的眼睛, 就聽見眾鳥歌唱。Where are you going?I am going to wash my hands.小孩子作事, 完全由於他的興趣。他可以寫字, 但他並非欲成為一書家。他可以畫畫, 但他並非欲成一畫家。他更非
26、欲以寫字畫畫, 得到所謂世間名利恭敬。他寫字畫畫, 完全是無所為而為。他作某種事,完全是乘興。他興來則作, 興盡則止。(馮友蘭:新世訓頁六三),23,王夫人看了, 又心疼, 又怕賈母問時難以回答。寶玉說: 有些疼, 還不妨事。明日老太太問, 只說我自己燙的就是了。鳳姐道: 就說自己燙的, 也要罵人不小心, 橫豎有一場生氣。王夫人看了, 又心疼, 又怕賈母問時難以回答。寶玉說: 我 有些疼, 這 還不妨事。明日老太太問, 你們 只說我自己燙的就是了。鳳姐道: 我們 就說自己燙的, 她 也要罵人不小心, 橫豎有一場生氣。(王力: 中國現代語法),24,c. 中文意合(parataxis-parat
27、actic), 英文形合(hypotaxis-hypotactic)床前明月光, 疑是地上霜。舉頭望明月, 低頭思故鄉。(李白: 靜夜思)黛玉便哭道: 你也不用哄我!我也不敢親近二爺, 權當我去了。寶玉聽了笑道: 你往那裏去呢?黛玉道: 我回家。寶玉道: 我跟了去。黛玉道: 我死了呢?寶玉笑道: 你死了, 我做和尚。(曹雪芹: 紅樓夢第三十回)刻舟求劍。刻舟, 從而求劍。,25,I came, I saw, I conquered (veni, vidi, vici)Julius Caesar When I came, I saw; after I had seen, I conquered.
28、我臨之, 我視之, 我勝之。 他是如此的病重, 以致不能走路。“sothat”= 如此以致 He is so sick that he cant walk. 他病得不能走路。最近香港的股巿狂升, 個個賺的錢是如此的多, 以致大家都笑了。 最近股巿狂升, 個個都賺到笑。,26,4.看不出模稜(ambiguity)所在,President Bush reported that Bin Laden was still in hiding in Washington yesterday.President Bush reported in Washington yesterday that Bin L
29、aden was still in hiding.,27,Appetizer,26. 我每天都要在网吧里呆上10个小时，是个不折不扣的网虫。 误 I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a net bug. 27. 东施效颦。 误 Doingshi imitates Xishi. 28. 你不好好学习，还想去牛津上大学。这可真是个不切实际的幻想哟！ 误 You dont study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an impractical illusion! 29
30、. 想让他答应这样的要求恐怕不大可能。 误 Im afraid it is impossible for him to agree to such a request. 30. 一群蚂蚁 误 a group of ants,28,26. 正 I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a netter. 注：“网虫”要是直译成 net bug，很容易使人联想到计算机病毒，如：the millennium bug（“千年虫”病毒）。所以，英语中与之相应的说法是 netter/nettle。在剑桥国际英语词典里，对 nett
31、er/nettle 的解释是：regular user of Internet, perhaps one who spends too much time in this occupation。nethead 和“网虫”的意思差不多，它表示“网痴，网迷”；而 netizen 则可以用来指所有的网民，尤其是互联网的用户，它是由 net（网络）和 citizen（公民）组合而成的。还有一个时髦的词是 netsurfer，即“网上冲浪者”。 27. 正 The ugly imitates the beautiful in such a distorted way that the ugliness
32、of the ugly becomes worse. 注：把原文按照字面意思直译过来，恐怕只有中国人能够理解。要想让外国人明白这个中国成语，就要对译文进行解释性加工了。同样，“情人眼里出西施”不是 Xishi is in the eye of the beholder，而是 Beauty is in the eye of the beholder。,29,28. 正 You dont study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an illusion! 注：汉语中的修饰语往往用的很多，目的在于加强语气，但这种表达习惯在翻译时必须进行处理。ill
33、usion 本身就有 impractical 的含义，而英语中在表意已经很明确的情况下是无需重复的。 29. 正 Im afreaid it is unlikely for him to agree to such a request. 注：impossible 表示“完全不可能”，所以与原文有出入。在英语中，probable 表示的可能性最大，其次是 possible，再次是 likely。而常用的句式为 it is probable/possible/likely for sb. to do sth.，或 sb. be likely to do sth.。 30. 正 a colony o
34、f ants 注：表示群体时，group 通常指人或物，而 colony 才指生物群体。,30,第五章 重复翻译法,Contents,重复的意义 汉语重复的表达特点 英语回避重复的主要方法 英汉翻译中的重复翻译法,31,重复的意义,表达强调语势 表达生动活泼 表达明确,32,汉语重复的表达特点,See Text P49,33,英语回避重复的主要方法,指代法代词 换词法范畴词、同义词、或准同义词 替代法替代词语和替代句型 省略法省略相同的词语 保留介词法 紧缩法 Translate the sentences on p46-48 into Chinese.,34,重复翻译法：为了避免文章单调乏味
35、，用英语写作时用尽量避免重复，常见的方法有使用代词、同义词、近义词以及省略某些成分等。但汉语不怕重复，连续使用某个词语是常见的情况，所以英译汉时为了译文的通顺我们可以适当地重复某些必要的词语。,35,一般说来，除非有意强调或出于修辞的需要，英语总的倾向是尽量避免重复。讲英语的人对于随意重复相同的音节、词语或句式往往感到厌烦。为了避免文章单调乏味，英语写作时要尽量避免重复。除了使用代词外，同一个所指，常常要用同义词来表示。汉语则不怕重复，重复并不会给人单调乏味的感觉。相反，如果使用得当，重复可以起反复强调的作用，还可以增强文章的思想性和战斗性。这正是汉语修辞的一种手法排比。 例句:If an a
36、tom contains three protons, it must have three electrons to be electrically neutral. 如果一个原子含有三个质子，这个原子必然有三个电子，使之不带电荷,36,Marketing economy is itself the product of long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange.市场经济本身是一个长期发展过程的产物，是生产方式和交换方式一系列变革的产物。（
37、名词重复） Federally funded training and free back-to-school programs for laid-off workers are under way, but few experts believe they will be able to keep up with the pace of the new technology.为失业工人提供的联邦政府资助的培训计划和免费重返学校学习的计划目前都在实施中，但专家中几乎没有人认为这些计划能跟得上新技术的发展步伐。（they指的是上文的programs）,37,Among the four pict
38、ures, two appear to be real, others false.在这四幅画中，有两幅看起来是真的，另外两幅看起来则是赝品。（动词重复）Do animals have rights?Actually, it isnt, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。（it指Do animals have rights
39、?）,38,英汉翻译中的重复翻译法,重复英语中作宾语的名词 共同修饰的名词 前置词短语前所省略的名词,重复名词,重复动词,重复代词,39, We have to analyze and solve problems.,我们必须分析问题，解决问题。,重复名词,40, Marketing economy is itself the product of long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange.,市场经济本身是一个长期发展过程的产物，是生产方式和
40、交换方式一系列变革的产物。,重复名词,41,重复动词,We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each otherof everything but our host and hostess.,我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到彼此的情况谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。,TIP,动词后有前置词，重复时省略动词，只重复前置词。,42,重复动词,You may go with them if you want to.,你愿意去的话，也可以和他们一起去。,TIP,助动词或
41、不定式“to”代替前面相同的动词。,43,重复代词,He needs assistants in his research work, but he hasnt yet got a competent one.,他的研究工作需要助手，可是他至今还没有找到一个能胜任的助手。,44,Difficult words and terms,Specialize:,To concentrate on a particular activity or product,专门从事,The shop specializes in mountain-climbing gear.,专门销售登山用具的商店,45,Hom
42、ework,People use natural science to understand and change nature. The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulders too. A large family has its difficulties. A good play serves to educate and inspire the peo
43、ple.,46,P53 Exercise Volvo earnings rise by eleven percent in first quarter,Volvo, the Swedish automotive, energy and food group, increased its profits by ten point nine percent in the first quarter of this year despite a fall of five percent in group turnover.,沃尔沃集团公司第一季度利润增长百分之十一沃尔沃是瑞典的汽车、能源和食品集团公
44、司。本年度第一季度，尽管它的总营业额下降了5%，但利润增加了10.9%。,47,Profits after financial items rose to two point four five billion Swedish kronor (three hundred and forty-five million dollars) compared with two point two one billion Swedish kronor in the first quarter of last year.,财经项目的利润增长达到24.5亿瑞典克朗（3亿1500万美元），而去年同期则为22.
45、1亿瑞典克朗。,48,The group was helped by a two hundred and fifteen million Swedish kronor foreign-exchange gain on loanscompared with a gain of thirty million Swedish kronor a year earlieras well as by interest earnings of a hundred and nine million Swedish kronorcompared with seventy-seven million Swedis
46、h kronor in the first quarter of last year.,这是由于该集团公司在贷款方面获得了2亿1500万瑞典克朗的外汇交易增长，而去年同期只增长了3000万瑞典克朗。同时也由于该集团在利息上也获得了1亿900万瑞典克朗的收益，去年同期仅为7700万瑞典克朗,49,Operating profits were virtually unchanged at two point one three billion Swedish kronor compared with two point one billion Swedish kronor in the first
47、 quarter of last year. Volvo expects to make a productivity gain this year of at least five per cent.,营业利润基本维持在21亿3000万瑞典克朗，而去年同期为21万瑞典克朗. 沃尔沃期望今年在生产方面至少能增益5%,50,The groups liquid funds, inflated by the record profits of the past two years, climbed to eighteen point two five billion Swedish kronor b
48、y the end of the first quarter from fourteen point four billion Swedish kronor a year earlier.,（这个）集团的流动资金,由于近两年创纪录的利润而猛增,到第一季度末,已由一年前的144亿瑞典克朗增至182亿5000万瑞典克朗.,51,Volvo profits, at least in the short term, have been hedged against the impact of the falling dollar, but the lower dollar exchange rate
49、shows clearly in the groups sales figures.,至少在短期内,沃尔沃的利润已受到保护,避免受到美元下跌的冲击.但是从该集团公司的销售数额上还是可以清楚地看到美元汇率降低的影响.,52,Volvo turnover fell five per cent to twenty point six billion Swedish kronor from twenty-one point eight billion Swedish kronor in the first three months of last year despite a substantial rise in the volume of car sales.,
