1、Unit 5,Extract 1,1. Management is the process undertaken by one or more individuals to coordinate the activities of others to achieve results not achievable by one individual acting alone. 指的是个体或多个个体协调他人的活动,从而取得个体单独行动无法取得的效果,这一过程称为管理. 要点（1）对原文语法结构的划分，在此基础上理解原文。（2）改变原文顺序，避免定语太长造成翻译腔。,2. In capitalist
2、ic societies, it is managers who allocate societys resources to various and often competing ends. 在资本主义社会中,是管理人员将社会资源用于各种各样的经常是此消彼长的目的. 要点（1）强调句的翻译；（2）词义转移。,3. Managers establish the conditions under which we are provided jobs, incomes, lifestyles, products, services, protection, health care and kno
3、wledge. 管理人员规定了我们获得工作，收入，产品，服务，保护，知识，生活方式和医疗保健的条件. 要点：语态转换。,4. a management career is of value to them personally. 管理事业对于他们个人是有价值的. 要点：词性转换。,Assignment: Exercise IV on p. 88,The way organizations are managed is changing by necessity. Globalization is now an accepted fact of everyday life. 管理组织的方法必须改
4、变.全球化现在已经成为日常生活中公认的事实.,The United States, Germany, and Japanthe three dominant world economieshave slower growth than the developing giants of China, Indian, and Indonesia. 三个主要经济大国美国、德国和日本的发展速度落后于中国、印度、印尼等发展中大国.,To remain or become competitive, managers in the developed countries have to restructur
5、e and rethink how people are managed. 因此,发达国家的管理人员为了在竞争中取得优势或继续保持优势,不得不重新思考并重新构建员工管理策略.,In the new global economy that is slowly emerging, human resources, information technology, speedy decision making, strategic alliances, use of the skills of a diverse workforce, and knowledge of how to combine i
6、ndividualism and teamwork can provide competitive edge opportunities for small entrepreneurs, mid-sized companies, or large conglomerate multinational firms. 在逐渐兴起的全球化经济中,不管是对于中小型企业来说,还是对于大型跨国集团公司来说,人力资源、信息技术、快速决策、战略结盟、用人策略及协调个体主义和团队精神的本领都是竞争中的制胜法宝.,Managers possibly face a work force of ethnic grou
7、ps and racial groups. Those who know how to meld this fantastic human resource mix will gain the competitive edge in the new global economy. 面对由不同民族、不同种族组成的员工队伍,只有懂得如何凝聚这一庞大的人力资源混合体,才能在新全球化经济中取得竞争优势.,Extract 2,1. To appreciate fully the importance of scientific management as a philosophy and practic
8、e, 为了从理论和实践两方面充分理解科学管理的重要性 要点：词义选择。,2. His goal was to provide the lathe operator with scientifically based, objective standards that would define a fair days work. 他的目标是为车床操作工提供建立在科学基础上的客观标准,以此来规范该工人全天的工作. 要点：词义选择。,3. Gantts major contribution to scientific management is a chart showing the relatio
9、nship between work planned and completed on one axis and time elapsed on the other. Gantt对科学管理的主要贡献是一张表格该表格中一条轴表示计划工作量和完成工作量，另一条轴表示所用时间，以此表示二者之间的关系 要点（1）对原文的核心结构的理解；（2）拆译法；（3）加词。,4. He testified as an expert witness before the Interstate Commerce Commission that the railroads could save $1 million p
10、er day by using the methods and philosophy of scientific management. 当时他作为一位专家证人在州际商务委员会面前证明如果使用科学管理方法和理论，铁路每天可以节省万美元 要点：对原文的结构的理解。,5. Emersons contributions go beyond his principles of efficiency. Emerson的贡献远远不止他的效率原理 要点：正说反译。,6. In his capacity as one of the first management consultants, he propos
11、ed the creation of an organization whose activities would be defined by clear statements of goals and purposes. 凭借自己作为首批管理顾问的身份，他提出要创建一个组织，该组织的活动要由明确的目标和宗旨加以规范。,Assignment: Exercise IV on p. 92,At the beginning of the 20th century, some managers wanting to improve the practice of management began to
12、 put their ideas in writing. 世纪初，为了改进管理实践，一些管理人员开始著书立说,These managers were particularly concerned with two issues: (1)increasing the productivity of individuals performing work and (2) increasing the productivity of organizations within which work is performed. 他们特别关注两个问题：（）提高个人劳动生产率；（）提高组织劳动生产率,Dir
13、ecting their attention to finding ways to manage work and organizations so that higher levels of output would be produced at lower costs, they created a body of management literature that became known as the classical approach. 为了做到低投入高产出，他们致力于研究劳动管理和组织管理的方法，写下了大量勘称经典管理方法的著作,The emphasis on rational
14、 analysis and the application of scientific rigor to facts and information about productivity led to the use of the term “scientific management” to describe the earliest attempts to manage the work of individuals. 最初的个人劳动管理，强调理性分析以及用科学分析与生产率相关的事实和信息，从而产生了科学管理这一术语,The first supporters of scientific m
15、anagement were practicing engineers and managers who believed and then demonstrated that work could be done more efficiently and thus more productively. 科学管理的最早支持者们是一些在任工程师和管理人员这些人坚信并既而证明劳动效率可以再提高，因而劳动生产率也可以再提高,Believing that the most efficient way to do a job could be determined through analysis of
16、 data, they urged managers to study the actual performance of work and to collect objective data on their observations. 他们认为可以通过数据分析决定最有效的即最好的工作方法因此，他们敦促管理人员们研究实际的工作绩效，收集他们所观察到的客观数据,Extract 3,1. Chief among them was a Frenchman named Henri Fayol, manager of a large coal company, who sought to discov
17、er principles of management that determine the “soundness and good working order” of the firm. 他们中的首要人物是一位叫Henri Fayol的法国人。他是一家大型煤矿公司的经理。他努力探索使公司运行良好且井然有序的管理原理。 要点（1）词义选择；（2）词性转换。,2. Deciding on the appropriateness of a principle for a particular situation was, in his view, the art of management 在他看
18、来，管理的艺术就是确定一个原理是否适用于一个特定的情况 要点（1）词性转换；（2）加词。,3. Fayol believed that any number of principles might exist, but he described only those he most frequently applied in his own experience. Fayol相信可能存在无数原理，但是他仅仅描述他在自己的经历中最常用的 要点：成分转换突出对比。,4. Division of labor. Work should be divided and subdivided into th
19、e smallest feasible elements to take advantage of gains from specialization. 劳动分工: 为实现专业分工带来的效益, 应将工作多次细分至可操作的最小部分。 要点：被动语态的翻译方法之一是翻译成汉语的无主句。,5. Discipline. Employees should obey whatever clearly stated agreements exist between them and the organization; managers should fairly sanction all instances
20、 of breached discipline. 纪律：雇员应遵守组织与其明确约定的一切协议；管理者应对违反劳动纪律的行为给予公平的惩罚。 要点：词义选择。,6. Subordination of individual to general interests. The interests of the organization take precedence over the interests of individual. 个人利益服从于整体利益：组织的整体利益优先于个人利益。 要点：词义选择。,7. Order. Each job should be defined. 秩序: 明确界定每
21、项工作。 要点：词义选择。,8. Esprit de corps. Employees should be encouraged to define their interests with those of the organization and thereby achieve unity of effort. 团结精神:鼓励雇员根据组织的利益确定个人利益,从而实现团结协作. 要点词义选择。,9. . Fayol did not suggest that applying these principles would relieve management from the responsi
22、bility for determining what he called “the appropriate balance.” Fayol并没有暗示,运用这些原理会使管理人员不需承担确保他所谓的“合适的平衡”的责任. 要点：词义延伸。,Extract 4,1. Therefore, it is not surprising that theories were developed that challenged some of the early fundamentals. 于是，就产生了一些理论，对早期的一些基本理论提出了挑战。这不足为奇。,2. Human relations appro
23、ach, stimulated by the Howthorne studies, is concerned with individual dignity, developing human potential and social environment. 霍桑研究所推动的人际关系方法关注个人尊严，从而开发人的潜能和社会环境。 要点（1）插入语的翻译；（2）词义选择；（3）根据词性确定词义。,3. Human relations writers brought to managers attention the important role played by individuals in
24、 determining the success or failure of an organization. 人际关系学者使管理人员关注个人在决定组织的成败中所起的重要作用。 要点:理解原文时抓关键短语。,4. For the students of management, the human relations movement has produced a wealth of important ideas, research findings, and values about the role of the individual in an organization. 在管理专业的学
25、生看来，人际关系运动已经产生了大量关于个人在组织中的作用的重要思想，研究成果及价值观。 要点：词义选择。,5. Cultural anthropology, the science devoted to the study of different peoples and cultures of the world, is important to the behavioral sciences because the ways in which individuals behave, the priority of needs they attempt to satisfy, and the
26、 means they choose to satisfy them are all functions of culture. 文化人类学即致力于研究世界不同民族不同文化的科学。文化人类学对于行为科学相当重要，因为个人行为方式，个人试图优先满足的需要，以及个人选择满足这些需要的方式都是文化的功能。 要点（1）插入语的翻译；（2）代词的翻译；（3）词性转换。,6. To avoid forfeiting economic growth and power to the Japanese, South Koreans, Germans, French, and others, US managers must scientifically study the human resources available for employment, training, and education.为了避免在经济发展和经济实力方面落后于日本，韩国，德国，法国及其它国家，美国的管理人员必须科学研究可以用于就业，培训及教育的人力资源。 要点：词义延伸。,
