1、 Quality Management in the Automotive Industry Automotive SPICE Process Reference Model Process Assessment Model Version 3.0 汽车 软件过程改进与 能力 确定 过程参考 模型 过程评估 模型 V3.0 Title: Automotive SPICE Process Assessment / Reference Model Author(s): VDA QMC Working Group 13 / Automotive SIG Version: 3.0 Date: 2015
2、-07-16 Status: RELEASED Confidentiality: Public Revision ID: 470 作者 ：德国汽车工业 协会 质量 管理中心 工作组 13/汽车 专业 组 Copyright Notice 版权声明 This document is a revision of the Automotive SPICE process assessment model 2.5 and the process reference model 4.5, which has been developed under the Automotive SPICE initia
3、tive by consensus of the car manufacturers within the Automotive Special Interest Group (SIG), a joint special interest group of Automotive OEM, the Procurement Forum and the SPICE User Group. 本文件 是一个 SPICE过程评估模型 2.5和过程参考模型 4.5的修订版本 。 It has been revised by the Working Group 13 of the Quality Manage
4、ment Center (QMC) in the German Association of the Automotive Industry with the representation of members of the Automotive Special Interest Group, and with the agreement of the SPICE User Group. This agreement is based on a validation of the Automotive SPICE 3.0 version regarding any ISO copyright
5、infringement and the statements given from VDA QMC to the SPICE User Group regarding the current and future development of Automotive SPICE. This document reproduces relevant material from: ISO/IEC 33020:2015 Information technology - Process assessment - Process measurement framework for assessment
6、of process capability ISO/IEC 33020:2015 provides the following copyright release statement: Users of this International Standard may reproduce subclauses 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 and 5.6 as part of any process assessment model or maturity model so that it can be used for its intended purpose. ISO/IEC 15504-5:
7、2006 Information Technology Process assessment Part 5: An exemplar Process Assessment Model ISO/IEC 15504-5:2006 provides the following copyright release statement: Users of this part of iso/ieC 15504 may freely reprodUCe the detailed desCriptions contained in the exemplar assessment model as part o
8、f any tool or other material to support the performance of proCess assessments, so that it Can be Used for its intended pUrpose. Relevant material from one of the mentioned standards is incorporated under the copyright release notice. 本 文档具体引用的来源包括： ISO/IEC 33020:2015 信息 技术 -过程评估 -评估 过程能力的过程度量框架 ISO
9、/IEC 15504-5:2006 信息 技术 -过程评估 -第五 部分： 过程评估 模型的一个实例 Acknowledgement 致谢 The VDA, the VDA QMC and the Working Group 13 explicitly acknowledge the high quality work carried out by the members of the Automotive Special Interest Group. We would like to thank all involved people, who have contributed to th
10、e development and publication of Automotive SPICE . VDA Quality Management Center 2 Derivative Works 衍生 作品（ 版权要求 ） You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work without the prior consent of both the SPICE User Group and the VDA Quality Management Center. Such consent may be given provided IS
11、O copyright is not infringed. The detailed descriptions contained in this document may be incorporated as part of any tool or other material to support the performance of process assessments, so that this process assessment model can be used for its intended purpose, provided that any such material
12、is not offered for sale. All distribution of derivative works shall be made at no cost to the recipient. Distribution 声明 The Automotive SPICE process assessment model may only be obtained by download from the web site. It is not permitted for the recipient to further distribute the document. Change
13、 Requests 变更 要求 Any problems or change requests should be reported through the defined mechanism at the web site. Trademark 商标 Automotive SPICE is a registered trademark of the Verband der Automobilindustrie e.V. (VDA) For further information about Automotive SPICE visit . VDA Quality Management Ce
14、nter 3 Document History 文档 历史 Version Date By Notes 2.0 2005-05-04 AutoSIG / SUG DRAFT RELEASE, pending final editorial review 2.1 2005-06-24 AutoSIG / SUG Editorial review comments implemented Updated to reflect changes in FDIS 15504-5 2.2 2005-08-21 AutoSIG / SUG Final checks implemented: FORMAL R
15、ELEASE 2.3 2007-05-05 AutoSIG / SUG Revision following CCB: FORMAL RELEASE 2.4 2008-08-01 AutoSIG / SUG Revision following CCB: FORMAL RELEASE 2.5 2010-05-10 AutoSIG / SUG Revision following CCB: FORMAL RELEASE 3.0 2010-07-16 VDA QMC WG13 Changes: See release notes Release Notes 发布说明 Version 3.0 of
16、the process assessment model incorporates the following major changes: 版本 3.0过程 评估模型结合 了如下主要变化 Chapter 1 Editorial adaption to ISO/IEC 330xx series, Notes regarding combined PRM/PAM in this document Chapter 2 Adaption to ISO/IEC 330xx series Chapter 3 Text optimized for better understanding and adap
17、ted to ISO/IEC 330xx series. Renaming ENG to SYS/SWE, Structure of old ENG Processes changed, Rework of Chapter 4 AS 4.5 process reference model and AS 2.5 process performance indicators focusing on a set of highly significant processes assessed within the automotive industry (HIS Scope). Chapter 5
18、Adaption based on AS 2.5 to the measurement framework of ISO/IEC 33020 Annex A Conformity statement adapted to ISO/IEC 33004 Annex B Modifications on work product characteristics according to the changes in chapter 4. Annex C Update to recent standards. Introduction of specific terms used in AS 3.0
19、Annex D Added the major concepts used for AS 3.0, incorporated Annex E of AS 2.5 Annex E Updated references to other standards VDA Quality Management Center 4 Table of contents Copyright Notice . 2 Acknowledgement . 2 Derivative Works . 3 Change Requests . 3 Document History . 4 Release Notes 4 Tabl
20、e of contents 5 1. Introduction .引言 . 8 1.1. Scope 范围 8 1.2. Terminology 术语 . 9 1.3. Abbreviations .缩略词 9 2. Statement of compliance声明 10 3. Process capability determination .过程 能力定义 . 11 3.1. Process reference model .过程 参照模型 12 3.1.1. Primary Life Cycle Processes Category 主 要 过程组 13 3.1.2. Supporti
21、ng Life Cycle Processes Category 支撑 过程组 14 3.1.3. Organizational Life Cycle Processes Category 组织 过程组 14 3.2. Measurement framework .度量 框架 15 3.2.1. Process capability levels and process attributes 过程 能力等级与属性 . 15 3.2.2. Process Attribute Rating .过程 属性 等级 . 16 3.2.3. Process capability level model 过
22、程 能力等级模型 . 20 3.3. Process assessment model .过程 评估模型 21 3.3.1. Process Performance Indicators .过程 表现指标 . 21 3.3.2. Process Capability Indicators .过程 能力指标 22 3.3.3. Understanding the Level of Abstraction of a PAM 理解 PAM的抽象 22 4. Process reference model and performance indicators (Level 1) 过程 参考模型和指标
23、(1级 ) 24 4.1. Acquisition Process Group (ACQ) .获得 过程组 . 25 4.1.1. ACQ.3 Contract Agreement .契约 协定 25 4.1.2. ACQ.4 Supplier Monitoring .供应 商 监督 . 26 4.1.3. ACQ.11 Technical Requirements .技术需求 27 4.1.4. ACQ.12 Legal and Administrative Requirements .法律 及行政要求 29 4.1.5. ACQ.13 Project Requirements .项目 需求
24、 30 4.1.6. ACQ.14 Request for Proposals 建议书 请求 32 4.1.7. ACQ.15 Supplier Qualification 供应商 资格认定 . 34 4.2. Supply Process Group (SPL) .供应 过程组 35 4.2.1. SPL.1 Supplier Tendering供应商 投标 35 4.2.2. SPL.2 Product Release产品 发布 36 4.3. System Engineering Process Group (SYS).系统工程过程组 . 38 4.3.1. SYS.1 Requirem
25、ents Elicitation需求 导出 . 38 4.3.2. SYS.2 System Requirements Analysis系统 需求分析 . 39 4.3.3. SYS.3 System Architectural Design 系统 架构设计 . 41 VDA Quality Management Center 5 4.3.4. SYS.4 System Integration and Integration Test .系统集成 测试 . 43 4.3.5. SYS.5 System Qualification Test 系统 （整体 ） 测试 45 4.4.Software
26、 Engineering Process Group (SWE) 软件 工程过程组 47 4.4.1. SWE.1 Software Requirements Analysis 软件 需求分析 47 4.4.2. SWE.2 Software Architectural Design .软件 架构设计 . 49 4.4.3. SWE.3 Software Detailed Design and Unit Construction .软件详细 设计和单元 构建 50 4.4.4. SWE.4 Software Unit Verification .单元测试 52 4.4.5. SWE.5 Sof
27、tware Integration and Integration Test .软件 集成和集成测试 . 54 4.4.6. SWE.6 Software Qualification Test .软件（整体） 测试 56 4.5.Supporting Process Group (SUP) .支持 过程组 . 58 4.5.1. SUP.1 Quality Assurance.质量保证 58 4.5.2. SUP.2 Verification .验证 . 59 4.5.3. SUP.4 Joint Review .共同评审 . 60 4.5.4. SUP.7 Documentation 文档化
28、 . 62 4.5.5. SUP.8 Configuration Management 配置 管理 . 63 4.5.6. SUP.9 Problem Resolution Management .问题 解决管理 65 4.5.7. SUP.10 Change Request Management 变更管理 67 4.6.Management Process Group (MAN) .管理 过程组 . 69 4.6.1. MAN.3 Project Management 项目 管理 69 4.6.2. MAN.5 Risk Management .风险 管理 . 71 4.6.3. MAN.6
29、 Measurement .测量 72 4.7.Process Improvement Process Group (PIM) .过程 改进过程组 . 74 4.7.1. PIM.3 Process Improvement .过程 改进 . 74 4.8.Reuse Process Group (REU).再利用 过程组 76 4.8.1. REU.2 Reuse Program Management 再利用 规划 管理 . 76 5. Process capability levels and process attributes 过程 能力等级和属性 78 5.1.Process capa
30、bility Level 0: Incomplete process .等级 0，不完全 流程 . 5.2.Process capability Level 1: Performed process 等级 1，已 执行流程 78 5.2.1 A 1.1 Process performance process attribute.过程执行程序要 素 78 5.3.Process capability Level 2: Managed process 等级 2，已管理流程 . 78 5.3.1. PA 2.1 Performance management process attribute执行 管
31、理要素 . 79 5.3.2. PA 2.2 Work product management process attribute工作 产品管理要素 81 5.4.Process capability Level 3: Established process 等级 3 已 确立流程 82 5.4.1. PA 3.1 Process definition process attribute .过程 定义要素 . 82 5.4.2. PA 3.2 Process deployment attribute .过程部署 要素 84 5.5.Process capability Level 4: Pred
32、ictable process .等级 4， 可预测流程 86 5.5.1. PA 4.1 Quantitative analysis process attribute .定量 分析要素 86 5.5.2. PA 4.2 Quantitative control process attribute 定量 控制要素 . 87 5.6.Process capability Level 5: Innovating process 等级 5， 持续改进 流程 88 5.6.1. PA 5.1 Process innovation attribute .过程 改进要素 89 5.6.2. PA 5.2
33、 Process optimization attribute 过程 最优要素 90 附录 Annex A1 Conformity of the process assessment and reference modelIntroduction. 92 Annex A2 Conformance to the requirements for process reference models . 92 Annex A3 Conformance to the requirements for process assessment models . 92 Annex B Work product
34、characteristics . . . . . . . . . . 95 Annex C Terminology . 123 VDA Quality Management Center 6 Annex D Key Concepts 126 D.1 The “Plug-in“ Concept 126 D.2 The Tip of the “V“ . 127 D.3 Terms “Element“, “Component“, “Unit“, and “Item“ 127 D.4 Traceability and Consistency 128 D.5 “Agree“ and “Summariz
35、e and Communicate“ . 129 D.6 “Evaluate“, “Verification Criteria“ and “Ensuring compliance“ 129 D.7 The Relation Between “Strategy“ and “Plan“ 130 Annex EReference Standards . 132 List of Figures 附图 清单 Figure 1 Process assessment model relationship 11 Figure 2 Automotive SPICE process reference model
36、 - Overview . 12 Figure 3 Relationship between assessment indicators and process capability 22 Figure 4 Possible levels of abstraction for the term “process“ . 23 Figure 5 Performing a process assessment for determining process capability 23 Figure D.1 The “Plug-in“-Concept . 126 Figure D.2 The tip
37、of the “V“ . 127 Figure D.3 Element, Component, Unit, and Item 127 Figure D.4 Bidirectional Traceability and Consistency 128 Figure D.5 Agree, summarize and communicate 129 Figure D.6 Evaluation, verification criteria and compliance . 130 Figure D.7 Strategy and plan . 131 List of Tables 附表 清单 Table
38、 1 Abbreviation List 9 Table 2 Primary Life Cycle Processes ACQ process group 13 Table 3 Primary Life Cycle Processes SPL process group. 13 Table 4 Primary Life Cycle Processes SYS process group 13 Table 5 Primary Life Cycle Processes SWE process group . 14 Table 6 Supporting Life Cycle Processes -
39、SUP process group 14 Table 7 Organizational Life Cycle Processes - MAN process group 14 Table 8 Organizational Life Cycle Processes - PIM process group . 15 Table 9 Organizational Life Cycle Processes - REU process group 15 Table 10 Process Capability Levels according to ISO/IEC 33020 . 16 Table 11
40、Process Attributes according to ISO/IEC 33020 . 16 Table 12 Rating scale according to ISO/IEC 33020 . 17 Table 13 Rating scale percentage values according to ISO/IEC 33020. 17 Table 14 Refinement of rating scale according to ISO/IEC 33020 . 17 Table 15 Refined rating scale percentage values accordin
41、g to ISO/IEC 33020 . 18 Table 16 Process capability level model according to ISO/IEC 33020 20 Table C.1 Terminology 123 Table E.1 Reference standards 132 1. Introduction 引言 1.1. Scope 范围 proCess assessment is a disCiplined evalUation of an organizational Units processes against a process assessment
42、model. The Automotive SPICE process assessment model (PAM) is intended for use when performing conformant assessments of the process capability on the development of embedded automotive systems. It was developed in accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 33004. Automotive SPICE has its own proce
43、ss reference model (PRM), which was developed based on the Automotive SPICE process reference model 4.5. It was further developed and tailored considering the specific needs of the automotive industry. If processes beyond the scope of Automotive SPICE are needed, appropriate processes from other pro
44、cess reference models such as ISO/IEC 12207 or ISO/IEC 15288 may be added based on the business needs of the organization. The PRM is incorporated in this document and is used in conjunction with the Automotive SPICE process assessment model when performing an assessment. This Automotive SPICE proce
45、ss assessment model contains a set of indicators to be considered when interpreting the intent of the Automotive SPICE process reference model. These indicators may also be used when implementing a process improvement program subsequent to an assessment. VDA Quality Management Center 8 1.2. Terminol
46、ogy 术语 Automotive SPICE follows the following precedence for use of terminology: a) ISO/IEC 33001 for assessment related terminology b) ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765 and ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119 terminology (as contained in Annex C) c) Terms introduced by Automotive SPICE (as contained in Annex C) 1.3. Abbreviations
47、 缩略词 AS Automotive SPICE 汽车软件 过程能力评估与参考模型 BP Base Practice 基础实践 CAN Controller Area Network Can总线 CASE Computer-Aided Software Engineering,计算机 辅助 软件 工程 CCB Change Control Board 变更 控制委员会 CFP Call For Proposals提 案征集 CPU Central Processing Unit ECU Electronic Control Unit电子 控制单元 EEPROM Electrically Era
48、sable Programmable Read-Only Memory电子式可清除程序化只读存储器 GP Generic Practice通用实践 GR Generic Resource通用 方法 HIS Hersteller Initiative Software www.automotive-his.de IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers I/O Input / Output ISO International Organi
49、zation for Standardization ITT Invitation To Tender邀请 招标 LIN Local Interconnect Network本地 局域网 MISRA Motor Industry Software Reliability Association汽车 工业可靠性协会 MOST Media Oriented Systems Transport面向 媒体的系统传输 PA Process Attribute过程 属性 PAM Process Assessment Model 过程 评估模型 PRM Process Reference Model 过程 参考模型 PWM Pulse Width Modulation脉冲 宽度调节 RAM Random Access Memory 随机 存储器 至 ROM Read Only Memory只读 存储器 S
