1、 学 院： 食品科学与工程 专 业： 食品质量与安全 年 级： 2009 级 姓 名： 胡奇武 学 号： 2009112013 任课教师： 毕阳 葛永红 二一二年十二月Studies on Inhibitory Effects in-Vitro of Pyrolin against Postharvest Pathogenic Fungi from Fruits and Vegetables鹿蹄草素对几种果蔬采后病原真菌的离体抑制作用研究【Abstract】 Agar plate tests and dilution methods were conducted to test the inh
2、ibitory effects in-vitro of pyrolin against postharvest pathogenic fungi.The results showed that higher the concentration of Pyrolin,higher the antimicrobial effects.Pyrolin had anti-microbial activity on all the pathogenic fungi tested when concentrations of pyrolin was 2.5 mg/mL and above.Inhibito
3、ry effects decreased in order of Monilinia fructicola,Alternaria alternate,Physalospora piricola,Botrytis cinerea,Rhizopus stolonifer according to the EC50.The MIC and MBC of Monilinia fructicola were 0.156 mg/mL and 1.25 mg/mL,respectively.The MIC and MBC of Alternaria alternata were 0.313 mg/mL an
4、d 0.625 mg/mL,respectively.The MIC and MBC of Physalospora piricola were 0.078 mg/mL and 0.156 mg/mL,respectively.The MIC and MBC of Botrytis cinerea were 0.156 mg/mL and 0.313 mg/mL,respectively.【摘要】 为寻找天然果蔬防腐剂,在离体条件下,采用生长速率法和培养板连续稀释法研究了鹿蹄草素对几种果蔬采后病原真菌的抑制效应,并对其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)进行了初步确定。结果表明:鹿蹄
5、草素的浓度越高,抑菌率越高,在 2.5 mg/mL 及以上浓度时对供试病原真菌均有较好的抑制效果。根据 EC50 值所得到的抑制作用由强到弱依次为链核盘菌,苹果轮纹病菌),链格孢菌,根霉菌,灰葡萄孢菌。其中链核盘菌的 MIC 和MBC 分别为 :0.156,1.25 mg/mL;苹果轮纹病菌的 MIC 和 MBC 分别为:0.078,0.156 mg/mL;链格孢菌的 MIC 和 MBC 分别为:0.313,0.625 mg/mL;灰葡萄孢菌的 MIC 和 MBC 分别为:0.156，0.313 mg/mL。Changes of Volatile Substances in Nectarine
6、 during Postharvest Senescence and Diseases by Principle Component Analysis油桃采后衰老与病害发生中挥发性物质变化的主成分分析【Abstract】 Volatile substances near the epidermis and stone of nectarine during postharvest senescence and brown rot were determinated using SPME-GC/MS,and principal components analysis(PCA) was appli
7、ed to these complex GC/MS data of volatile compounds to facilitate differentiation and access aroma quality. The results showed that a total 14 compounds were identified. C6 compounds,esters and lactones were the major constituents. During storage,volatile compounds near the epidermis gradually turn
8、ed to near the stone,and brown rot stimulated this trend. Results of PCA showed that 5-Hydroxy-2,4-decadienoicacid -lactone,-Decalactone,-Octalactone and ethanol could distinguish nectarine fruits during postharvest senescence from brown rot;while C6 aldehydes,ethanol and ethyl acetate could disting
9、uish the samples of the early period(0 and 2 days) and late period of storage(4 and 6 days) . Aroma quality was best after 2 days,especially near the epidermis of brown rot fruits. Aroma quality of brown rot fruits was worse than senescence after 4 days.【摘要】 采用固相微萃取与气相色谱 -质谱联用技术,对油桃果实采后衰老与褐腐病害发生中近表皮
10、和近果核的挥发性物质进行测定;用主成分分析(PCA)法研究不同样品挥发物谱的差异并对香气品质进行综合评价。结果表明,共检测到油桃果实挥发性物质14种,主要为C6化合物、酯类和内酯类物质。贮藏期间油桃果实挥发性物质逐渐由近果核处转向近表皮,褐腐病害发生后加速了这种转变。PCA 结果表明,5- 羟基-2,4- 癸二烯酸- 内酯、-癸内酯、-辛内酯和乙醇可作为区分油桃果实贮藏4天时衰老与病害发生的标志性挥发物;C6醛类、乙醇和乙酸乙酯则可作为区分油桃果实贮藏0、2天与贮藏4、6天时的标志性挥发物。病害组贮藏2d 后近表皮处香气品质最佳,贮藏4天后病害组香气品质远低于衰老组。 Identificati
11、on and biological characteristics of the anthracnose pathogen of postharvest banana fruit 香蕉采后果实炭疽病菌的鉴定及其生物学特性【Abstract】 Four isolates of the anthracnose pathogen were isolated from postharvest banana fruits displaying anthracnose symptoms by using tissue isolation technique.The differences in mycel
12、ial growth rate,conidial germination,appressorium formation and pathogenicity of the four isolates were compared under the same conditions.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the mycelial growth rate,but the percentages of conidial germination and appressorium formation,an
13、d the pathogenicity of isolate X4 were significantly higher than those of the other 3 isolates.The isolate X4 was identified as Colletotrichum musae based on the classical morphological taxonomy combined with the technique of ITS sequence analysis.Meanwhile,the effects of temperature,illumination an
14、d pH value on the mycelial growth,conidial germination and appressorium formation of isolate X4 were investigated.The results indicated that the temperatures for the mycelial growth were ranged from 10-35 ,with an optimum of 28 and the suitable temperatures for conidial germination and appressorium
15、formation were from 25-30 ,with an optimum of 28 .Illumination had no significant effect on the linear growth of mycelium,conidial germination and appressorium formation.The pH values for the mycelial growth and conidial germination were 5.0-8.0,with an optimum of pH 6.0.The lethal temperature of co
16、nidia and mycelia explored further were 50 /10 min.【摘要】 采用组织分离法从表现炭疽病症状的采后香蕉果实中分离到4个炭疽病菌菌株。通过观察这4个菌株的菌丝生长速率、孢子萌发、附着胞形成和致病性,发现4个菌株的菌丝生长速率无显著差异,但菌株 X4的孢子萌发率、附着胞形成率和致病力明显高于其他3个菌株。采用传统的形态学鉴定方法,并结合 ITS 序列分析技术,鉴定菌株 X4为芭蕉炭疽菌。生物学特性的观察结果表明:菌株 X4菌丝生长温度范围是1035,最适生长温度是28,其分生孢子萌发和附着胞形成的适宜温度范围是2530,分生孢子在28萌发率最高;光照对菌丝生长速率、分生孢子和附着胞形成无显著影响;适宜菌丝生长和孢子萌发的 pH值为5.08.0,最适 pH 值为6.0;菌株的菌丝和分生孢子的致死温度均为50/10 min。
