1、IELTS WRITING,Lesson Two: 分论点的思维方法,IELTS WRITING,如何写分论点：1).内部参与主体 2).外部涉及人员和机构 3).分情况 4).本质 5).成本 6).主体分开看待 7).反驳,IELTS WRITING,1). 事件的内部参与者在经历这件事情后所发生的变化：,IELTS WRITING,我打你 政府给钱父母在家照顾小孩 看电视 寄宿学校的利弊 老年人住家还是养老院 Nowadays, many rich countries offer help to poor countries. Do you think its disadvantages
2、 outweigh advantages?,Individual,健康 physical health 心理 psychological soundness 情感 emotion 道德 morality （moral norm and ethic codes） 教育技能 education (academic achievements) and skill career development 家庭 （parents, husband + wife, children） 权利 right 生活方式 way of life 成本 time and efficiency,Country,Polit
3、ical Economic Cultural Social,Social,1. 消除贫困halving/eliminate/reduce poverty 2. 消除疾病,尤其是艾滋病disease 3. 扫除文盲,普及小学教育illiteracy 4. 保护环境:生态平衡,Ecosystem (equilibrium) balance 物种的多样性(biodiversity5. 维护妇女基本权益和平等的社会地位和尊严feminism , women, female, Social structure/status/dignity,IELTS WRITING,2.Some consider th
4、at history is little or no use to us. Others believe that studying history helps us to know the present. Discuss their views and give your own opinion.,IELTS WRITING,分论点：后果1：政府学历史，政府了解现在的政策是否正确Through history, the government can be informed whether their policies are on the right track. (for example
5、, after the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), during which the relationship between China and rest of the world was cut off and the Chinese economy was virtually ruined, a new policy, namely the Open and Reform policy was carried out. Many experts were optimistic that the economy would soon be recove
6、red and climb to a peak, which is now the case merely thirty years later, because historic experience indicated that when the social policy was open-minded and there were many channels to communicate with the world, the social policy economy would boom. Tang Dynasty, the climax of Chinese Dynasties
7、in more than 2,000 years, could be a perfect example in this case.),IELTS WRITING,后果1： 个人学历史，个人了解现在为将来做怎样的准备History enables individuals to know how to prepare for their future careers. (The stories of quite a few social elites, including Confucius and George Washingtion, have numerous readers, the v
8、ast majority of whom have been stimulated to work hard for the personal success. It is true that each individual has his own characteristic and growing envionment. However, to find a suitable role model should not be to difficult, because at least there were so many heroes and heroines in Chinese an
9、d world history.),IELTS WRITING,后果6：反驳历史无用Some people might hold the view that history is no use to us because the historic event would not necessarily happen today. However, the great function of history is to analyze a current situation, when it is not necessary to know if there was an exactly sim
10、ilar event in history. (For example, to invest in the stock market, one has to review the historic records in the past years. Although history would not necessarily reoccur, it does tell him the possibility of potential changes, which is essential for the judgment. Therefore, rather than totally rel
11、ying on history, people should use history as a mirror to reach some conclusions for current issues. ),IELTS WRITING,2). 外部涉及人员和机构事件的内部参与者以外的事物（系统）在经历了该事件以后所发生的变化： 系统包括：全社会，全世界，全球经济，自然，环境，传统文化，家庭等。富国帮助穷国可能会对整个世界经济有影响。,系统包括：全社会(society) 全世界(world) 全球经济(world/global economy) 自然环境 (nature and environme
12、nt) 传统文化 (traditional culture) 家庭 (family) 国际地位（international reputation/status),IELTS WRITING,IELTS WRITING,Nowadays, many rich countries offer help to poor countries. Do you think its disadvantages outweigh advantages? Free care？ Tourism？ Detailed description of crime? Unpaid job?,IELTS WRITING,3)
13、.分情况:事件的参与者或参与者之外的事物在不同情况下所发生的变化：事件发生的条件不同，后果也不同。Can we believe the news stories presented by journalists?分情况：可以根据新闻来源分类，如果是大新闻社的新闻，可以相信；如果是名誉不好notorious的新闻社，一般不相信；可以按照新闻内容分：在中国，一般政经新闻不会有假新闻，而对于文体新闻，多见假新闻。穷国富国：如果富国帮助穷国时没有政治条件，穷国才能得到真正好处。,IELTS WRITING,Nowadays, many rich countries offer help to poor
14、 countries. Do you think its disadvantages outweigh advantages?Tell the truth in any relations?3. Unpaid work or not?(C3-74-164),IELTS WRITING,4).看本质:事物的特殊属性必然导致某个结果。In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily increasing. Does this trend make positive or negative effects to the soc
15、iety? 或者：Should old people be forced to retire at a certain age?,IELTS WRITING,广告 媒体 车和飞机 女性是否应该允许参军？ 女性当领导是否更和平？ 老人数量增加带来的问题？ 15岁少年增加的问题？ 退休年龄是older or younger?,IELTS WRITING,5).看成本:如果一件事物有好的结果，可以考虑成本低或者成本合理；如果一件事物有不好的后果，可以考虑成本高。,IELTS WRITING,Museum or library and computer?Ourter space research?Ar
16、tistic projects?,IELTS WRITING,6).主体分开看待Should old building be pulled down?,上面的分论点常用的思维方式得到的分论点往往可以用下面的句型表达。A-(a,b,c)直接结果.(a,b, c)间接结果名词+动词+名词+补足语“导致”含义的动词：A cause/stimulate/help/enable/force (a,b,c) to do.,“带来” 含义的动词：A bring negative/positive effects on (a,b,c)“提供” 含义的动词：A can provide (a,b,c) with
17、A make great progress in supplying (a,b,c) with,2) 名词+动词或动词词组+名词”导致“ 含义的动词： A result in /lead to.(a,b, c)“意味”含义的动词： A mean .(a,b, c) A mean that .(a,b, c)“使动” 含义的动词： A can endanger/ increase/vastly improve,3) 名词+联系动词+表语A might be an opportunity/beneficial for .(a,b, c) to do.A might be dangerous for
18、 a to do.,4) 形式主语It is dangerous/beneficial for .(a,b, c) to do A.,5) 从句、介词短语By A, .(a,b, c)During the process of Because of ,6) 前面的五种基本句型的基础上，都可以加上观点的持有者。 Some people are really concerned about.Some people are afraid of .Some people feel upset at,I maintain that.It seems to me.The opponents/proponents of this hold the view thatThe argument proposed by the opponents/ proponents of this view is,
