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四川省广安市岳池县第一中学高中英语外研版选修6导学案 module 5 cloning 第3课时.doc

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1、导学案 3 Grammar page 62-63虚拟语气的概念语气:语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的意图或态度。英语中有陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气三种语气。虚拟语气是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中);二是表示说话人的主观愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中)。一 虚拟语气在条件句中的运用情 况 从句中谓语的构成 主句中谓语的构成与现在情况相反 动词的过去式(be 的过去式一般用 were)Would/should/could/might +动词原形与过去情况相反 had + 过去分词 Would /should/ cou

2、ld/might +have +过去分词与将来情况相反 动词的过去式should+动词原形were to+动词原形Would/should/could/might +动词原形1. 与现在事实相反: 表示与现在事实相反的条件和结果。1). If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. 2). If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.3). If it were fine now, I would go shopping.2. 与过去事实相反: 表示与过去事实

3、相反的条件和结果。1). If I had had time last night, I would have gone to see the film with you .2). If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday.3. 与将来事实可能相反: 表示与将来事实可能相反的条件和结果。1). If I saw him tomorrow, I should tell him.2). If I were to do it, I would do it in a differe

4、nt way.3). If it should be necessary, I could come at six.注意含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中,如有 had,should,were 这三个词,在正式或书面语言中可将 if 省略,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行部分倒装。1). Had they time (= If they had time), they would certainly come and help us.2). Should it be fine (= If it should be fine), we would go for an outing.3). Were I y

5、ou (=If I were you), I would go.2)有时候,条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作,发生的时间不一致,这时,动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。这种句子可以称为错综复杂条件句1). If it had rained last night, (过去) I w ould be very cold today.(现在)2). If I had taken your advice, (过去) I should have no trouble with the work now.(现在) 3)有时候,假设的情况不以条件从句表示,而是通过一个介词短语来表示,有时可以通过上下文或其

6、他方式表示。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。1). We could have done better under more favourite conditions.2). He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.3). Such mistakes could have been avoided. (if we had been more careful)4). But for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.5). Without ai

7、r, there would be no living things.6). With your help we could have done better.7). If only I were a bird!二 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用1 在动词 suggest, order, demand, propose, request, insist, require, desire 等后的宾语从句中, 用虚拟语气(即 should + 动词原形)来表示愿望,建议, 命令,请求等。常见动词:一个坚持:insist(坚持要求)两个命令:order, command 三个建议:advise, sug

8、gest, propose四个要求:demand , require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用 should + 动词原形,或者将 should 省略。1). I suggest that we (should) set off at once.2). They requested that we (should) send a delegation to their country. 3). The doctor suggested that she (should) not smoke.4). He insisted

9、that she (should) go first.2wish (that) + subject + a past tense(与现在事实相反)1). I wish I were as strong as you.2). I wish every day were my birthday.3. wish (that) + subject + past perfect(与过去事实相反)1). I wish you had told me earlier.2). I wish / wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.3). The party was

10、awful, I wish I had never gone to it.4. wish (that) +subject + would 将来不大可能实现的愿望 1). I wish it would rain tomorrow.2). I wish you would succeed this time.3). I wish you could fly back to me.三 虚拟语气在其他名词性从句中的运用It is desired that It is suggested that It is required thatIt is demanded thatIt was ordered

11、 that + should+ It was proposed thatIt is important/essential/ necessarythatIt is a pity/ a shame/strange that1). It is demanded that energy should be saved.2). It is important that he should study English before going abroad.3). It is a great pity that he should be always careless.在 suggestion, pro

12、posal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名称后的表语从句,同位语从句中1). Our suggestion is that you (should) be the first to go.2). My advice is that we (should) send for Doctor Li3). Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch?注意 It is (high) time that you were to bed.I would rather you came to see me tomorrow.

13、 would rather that - 现在:过 去时 were / did 过去:过去完成时 had done未来:过去时 were / did Its (about/high) time +that -过去时 / should +V.Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.四虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用以 as if,as though 引起的状语从句,其谓语形式与 wish 后的宾语从句相同。as if /though + 从句 现在:过去时过去:过去完成时She loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems as if it were spring.注意:从句情况如果很有可能发生,也可用陈述语气

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