1、 本科毕业论文（设计）从文化角度谈英汉习语的翻译Discuss the translation skills and cultural differences reflected in English and Chinese idioms 院 系 外语系_专 业 商务英语班 级 092 班姓 名 学 号 090210202017指导教师单位 广西民族师范学院外语系_ _指导教师姓名 指导教师职称 讲师完成日期 年 月 日浅谈英汉习语中所反映的文化差异和翻译技巧商务英语 2009 级 2 班 指导老师： 摘要语言是沟通的桥梁，而习语更是一种语言在使用过程中形成的、固定的表达方式。它承载着不同民族
2、的文化特色和文化信息。因此，对中西方文化的了解对英汉习语的翻译至关重要。本选题通过对中英习语的典型实例的对比和研究，说明中西文化中存在着许多差异。以此说明理解中西方文化对翻译的重要性，并结合中西方的文化差异研讨五个常用的翻译技巧，以期对习语翻译质量的提高有所帮助。本文分为四个部分。一、简要介绍习语及习语的来源，其中分别讲述了英语习语和汉语习语的来源。二、主要介绍了中西方五个不同的文化差异。三、简约介绍了翻译的标准，重点介绍了翻译的方法、技巧及其英汉习语翻译中药注意的问题。四、结论部分详述了解中西方文化对习语翻译的重要性，指出在翻译实践中，应结合中西方文化背景知识，充分利用各种翻译技巧，做出恰当
3、的翻译。关键字：习语 习语来源 文化差异 翻译技巧 Discuss the translation skills and cultural differences reflected in English and Chinese idioms Business English 2009-2 Huang fangSupervisor: Tang ShunjiaoAbstractLanguage is a bridge of communication. Idiom is a fixed expression which was formed in the process of language.
4、 It carries the cultural characteristics and cultural information of the different ethnic. Therefore, the understanding of Western culture is crucial to the translation of English and Chinese Idioms.Idioms in this paper based on the comparison and study of typical examples, showing that there are ma
5、ny differences in eastern and western cultures. By this way, I want to illustrate the importance of understanding to Chinese and western culture on translation. By combining with the differences between Chinese and western cultural, this article discuss the five commonly used translation skills in o
6、rder to help improving the quality of idioms translation.This article is divided into four parts. The first part is a brief introduction to the sources of idioms and the explanation of idioms. The second part is mainly introduce the five cultural differences between Chinese and western. Three, simpl
7、y introduce the translation standard; stress on translation methods and silks and problems should be pay attention to. Part four, the conclusion focus on the crucial to the understanding between Chinese and western culture in idioms translation, and pointing out that in the translation practice, sho
8、uld be combined with Chinese and western cultural background knowledge, make full use of various translation skills, make the appropriate translation.Keywords: Idiom; Idioms sources；Cultural differences；Translation skillsContents摘要.Abstract.Chapter One Introduction.1Chapter Two Explanation of the id
9、iom2Chapter Three Sources of idiom.23.1. Sources of English idiom.23.2. Sources of Chinese idiom.3Chapter Four Cultural differences.3 4.1. Geographical differences.3 4.2 .Historical and cultural differences.4 4.3. Differences in religious belief6 4.4. Differences in customs.7 4.5. Thinking differenc
10、e.8 Chapter Five English-Chinese idioms translation skills 9 5.1 Literal translation.10 5.2 Free translation.105.3 Interpretive translation.105.4Technique of amplification in translation.115.5 Substitution method.11Chapter Six Issues to be aware of in the translation of idioms.12 6.1. Issues to be a
11、ware of in the translation of English idioms12 6.2. Issues to be aware of in the translation of Chinese idioms.13 Chapter Seven Conclusion15References.16广西民族师范学院本科生毕业论文（设计）1Chapter One IntroductionIdioms contain a wealth of cultural information. It contain a large number of cultural identity and cul
12、tural background, it has a distinctive image and metaphor. Mr. Zhu Guangqian have said in his book “On Translation“谈翻译：“The most difficult to understand and translation of foreign literature, Firstly, is the significance of associative meaning”, “A countrys culture is with special emotional atmosphe
13、re, widely and subtly. You can not find an exact explanation of culture in the dictionary, but to the text it is an extremely important thing. The significance of text will be on a loss if we are not familiar with a countrys human customs and historical and cultural background. Especially this meani
14、ng in the translation is the most difficult to cope with”. American philosophy professor H.P.Grice in his book “Meaning” has separated the meaning of words into two kinds - natural significance and unnatural meaning. The unnatural meaning of words refers to the significance the people intend to expr
15、ess. This meaning is a pragmatic implication of the Communicators intentions expressed in specific occasions. This is the theoretical foundation of Grices “conversational implication”. Then, due to the differences in cultural background of the English and Chinese language, the article of the same li
16、teral meaning and the image meaning may have completely different implications. Connotative meaning is the speaker or author want to express. According to the observation, the multifaceted differences between English and Chinese idioms can be grouped into two categories. The first is the differences
17、 of image meaning. The other is the differences of the implications (including appraise and righteous). They are other than significance of literally, and also the embodiment of cultural differences. For this, this article provides specific principles and methods in translation of cultural significa
18、nce in English and Chinese Idioms.黄芳 A brief common on cultural differences and translation skills from Chinese and western Idioms2Chapter 2 Idioms ExplanationIdioms are some phrase or phrases derived from long-term social practice by people in the process of language development. They are the essen
19、ce of the language and the culture. They have been screened and formed by people for their generations to follow. Idioms are dapper and with subtle humor. They are not only concise and comprehensive, but also full of vivid and fun. An appropriate idiom can reverse the awkward atmosphere; it can also
20、 reverse the unfavorable situation. As Mr. Zhang Peiji says, Idiom is a language mostly with rich colors and images means. It is the most suitable metaphor for other things. Some meaning of idioms are obvious, some are rich in connotation, some are implicated and can cause a rich association Idioms
21、are generally short, pithy, neat and easy to understand and remember. Idioms are said unhesitatingly and easy to be sound by the ears of other people. So they are favored by the masses. They are very easy to spread and promotion. In order to explain one thing or a kind of image, we tend to use a lot
22、 of words to do abstract explanation or description to a proper extent. But if we use one or two idioms, it can explain the profound theories in a simple language which was with a few words to convey the meaning. Thus, idioms make one feel lucid and precise, and can get a deeper impression.Chapter 3
23、 the origin of idiom3.1 The origin of English idiomsAs for English, the traditional view of the world mainly refers to their religious thought. The culture of English and American is based on Christian culture as the background of the country. There is no doubt that the idioms are rich in strong 广西民
24、族师范学院本科生毕业论文（设计）3religious overtones in such a culture background. Ultimately, English idioms mainly come from: literary classics, tale of the Bible, Greek myths and legends of Rome, classic fables and historical events. Idioms derived from the peoples lives, so English idioms reflect all aspects of
25、 life in Britain and the United States. It is a key to break through the idioms translation by learning and understanding idioms through the cultural background of the Anglo-American countries, ideas, cultural practices and the sources. 3.2 The origin of Chinese idiomsAs we all know, the great Chine
26、se thinker Confucius founded Confucianism system is a valuable asset of the people of China. Also it is the ideological foundation of Chinese culture. The Influence of Confucius Mencis thought on Chinese living habits is very profound. Therefore, part of the Chinese idioms is derived from Confucius
27、and Mercies. In addition, Chinese idioms are originated from Buddhism, Taoism, myths and legends, fables, social status and historical facts.Chapter 4 Cultural differences in English and Chinese Idioms4.1 Geographical and cultural differencesBecause tow ethnic groups living in different geographical
28、 location, different natural environment also affects the people view on things. The UK is a coastal island.Therefore, Britain culture as the main representative of western culture, also called Marine culture. Marine culture refers to the culture in the background of ocean. In such a specific cultur
29、al atmosphere, a lot of idioms were produced of itself. For example, English idiom “battten down the batches(用压条封舱)“, Meaning “by layering battening down“. This is a warcraft or ship routinely-use language. It refers to the sailors to layering line in hatch sealing cabin in case of the 黄芳 A brief co
30、mmon on cultural differences and translation skills from Chinese and western Idioms4coming storm. Its metaphor is to guard against difficulties, and to take preventive measures against disasters. Britain has always been a maritime power. Its navy and seafaring once powerful developed. These are evid
31、ents in English idioms. Other similar idioms are “above board (straightforward)(正直坦率) “, “Between wind and water(A crisis)(危难关头)”, “Know the ropes (know doorways)( 懂得门道)“ and so on. While China is a land country, so Chinese culture is the continental culture. Continental culture refers to the cultur
32、e in the generated background of mainland. Land is fixed, and suitable for agricultural development. So China is a agricultural country since ancient times. Many idioms also relate to agriculture. For example, “facing the loess back into the air”(面朝黄土背朝天), “As a man sows, so he shall reap”(,种瓜得瓜，种豆得
33、豆 ) “ “soldiers to be blocked, the water to soil cover“( 兵来将挡，水来土掩) and so on.Because of the influence of natural environment, Chinese are different to western on the cognition of the same thing. Some things in Chinese are the symbol of beauty, but in English are really bad analogy. Some things in C
34、hinese have the rich cultural connotation, while in English, have no significance. We take the dragon for an example. In China, dragon is regarded as a fetish, gathering strength, wisdom, luck, mighty, and rights. Feudal emperor often compared himself to the dragon. Emperors sitting stool called Thr
35、one, sleeping bed called loyal bed, wearing clothes called dragon robesBecause the dragon is a symbol of the rights and status, these Specifically addresses highlight the feudal emperors Supreme rights and status. While in English, dragon is regarded as the synonymy of “evil”, “terror“, or even “war
36、“. Let us talk about bamboo. This plant has a deep relationship with Chinese culture. Ancient literati enjoy appreciating, painting and Singing Bamboo, tourist men of literature intend to writing on bamboo. Zheng Banqiaos painting of bamboo is famous in the world. Mr. Shao poem “the bamboo is not treachery, flower fragrance“(竹死不变节，花落有余香) win support among the people. Bamboo has gradually become the character of adamant, exemplary conduct and nobility to Chinese people. But bamboo in English is a very common plant, no other denotative meaning.
