1、分类号： 学校代号：11845UDC： 密级： 学 号：2111101170广东工业大学硕士学位论文(工程硕士专业学位)AMT换挡机构动态仿真与优化设计易园园指导教师姓名、职称：肖佳聂副麴援：逮验副熬拯学科(专业)或领域名称： 扭越王猩学生所属学院： 扭电王猩堂院论文答辩日期： 垒 Q!垒生墨旦A Dissertation Submitted to Guangdong University of Technologyfor a MasterS Degree in EngineeringDynamic simulation and optimization designof AMT shifti
2、ng mechanismCandidate：Yi YuanyuanSupervisor：Ass ProfXiao TibingAssProfLing LingMay 2014School of Electromechanical EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong，PRChina51 0006摘要摘要选换档机构的设计是 AMT 产品开发过程中的重点和难点之一，其动态特性的好坏直接影响车辆起步与换档品质以及整个系统的可靠性、耐久性。随着自动变速技术的多样化发展和国内汽车自动变速器市场竞争日趋激烈，对 AM
3、T 产品的换档品质提出了更高的要求。因此，对换档机构的研究和开发受到越来越多企业的重视，校企合作也广泛展开。由于换档过程是在极短的时问内发生的，且换挡机构内部结构较复杂，影响换档品质的因素很多， 传统的计算和 试验方法很难捕捉瞬间动态的过程，且很 难统筹考虑方方面面的设计因素，只能依靠经验的积累和传承。伴随着 CAE 技术的发展和推广，不少企业已经开始采用 “根据经验设计，利用计算优化”的模式，取得了良好的效果。本文即是在此大背景下展开，以某多档 AMT 的一套换挡机构为研究对象， 结合 CAE 技术，主要作了以下几点工作：(1)详细阐述了 AMT 换挡执行机构和同步器的结构组成和工作原理，重
4、点介 绍了同步时问的计算方法，并提出通过仿真得到等效 转动惯量的方法；(2)联系本文的研究对象详细介绍了计算多体系统动力学仿真建模与求解的 一般流程，介 绍了其中涉及的一些关键技术与方法；(3)在充分考虑换挡机构各零件间的位置关系和配合关系的基础上，在 Adams 里建立了二档换一档换挡机构的动力学仿真模型，并将 换挡执行机构的弹 性变形考 虑进来；(4)对变挡力进行控制，完成二档 换 一档动力学仿真，根据仿真结果，对换 挡过程进行了详细的分解，并对滑磨功、同步冲量等换挡品质指标和同步器性能指 标进 行了介绍和评价；(5)根据动力学仿真结果，对换挡机构关 键零部件进行动静结合的强度校 核，并对
5、拨叉进行结构改进以消除应力集中， 对拉板进 行结构优化以减轻重量。本文的研究，为 定性理解换挡机构尤其是同步器的工作原理，客观评价和优化机械式变速器换挡品质提供了一种方法和途径， 对进一步提高 AMT 产品换档机广东工业大学硕士学位论文构的动态特性、可靠性及耐久性等具有一定的指导意义与实际价值。关键词：换挡机构，动态仿真，换挡品质，同步器，优化IIABSTRA(玎ABSTRACTThe design and optimization of gear shifting mechanisms is a difficult task inthe process of AMT developmentT
6、he dynamic characteristics of AMT has a directimpact on the reliability and performance of the vehiclesWith the development ofdiversiform technology,and an increasingly competitive AMT market worldwide，some experts have put forward higher standards for AMT performanceTherefore， the research and deve
7、lopment in gear shifting mechanisms has become ever increasing concern in educationrelated enterprisesShifting process Occurs within a very short period of timeDue to the complexity of the internal shifting mechanisms in AMT,it may be affected by a number of factorsAlso，it is difficult to capture th
8、e moment of a dynamic process and to consider such a contradictory design by traditional methods of calculation andexperimentationConsequently,the design of the gear shifting mechanisms in AMT can only be relied on the experiences in the pastAs the CAE technology evo lves and expands，many small busi
9、ness have begun to adopt the”design with experience， optimization with software”mode and achieved impressive resultsThis dissertation takes the multi-shift AMT as an objeet of study,and with the CAE technology,the following tasks have been done：(1)The structure and operating principle of the AMT shi
10、fting actuator andsynchronizer have been fully elaborated，and the calculation of the input equivalent moment of inertia has been successfully completed，as well as its time ofsynchronization；(2)In terms of the multish 沧 AMT,the general process of the multi-body dynamic simulation has been discussed i
11、n detail，which cab be divided into tWo phases：modeling and solving，and the principal methods of calculation have been clearly illustrated；(3)On the basis of the position of and compatibility between the parts，a rigid-flexible coupling model has been constructed thus to perform the dynamic simulation
12、HI广东工业大学硕士学位论文with Adams，which is a model perceived as elastically flexibleBut through trial and errorthe accuracy ofthe model has been verified；(4)According to the simulation results，the method of mechanical simulation has been studied in depth，and several important criteria for evaluating AMT shif
13、tingperformance have also been analyzed；(5)Based on the results of dynamic simulation，the strength of key parts have been analyzed through static and dynamic methods，finally the stress concentration of fork has been eliminated and the weight of plate has been reduced through structure optimizationTh
14、e dissertation helps to clarify the qualitative understanding of the gear shifting mechanisms in AMT,and at the same time provides objective evaluations and optimization for AMT shifting performance，which is of great theoretical andpractical significance for further improvements of AMT shifting performance in the futureKeywords：Gear shifting mechanism，Dynamic simulation，Shifting performance，Synchronizer，Optimization
