1、国际商务合同的结构,Structures of International Business Contracts,国际商务合同的结构 Structures of International Business Contracts,约首或序言 preface合同的前言 preamble合同的正文 body约尾或结尾 ending,合同的前言 Preamble,即合同的总则，“合同的效力条款（validity clauses of contracts）”,是合同生效的基本条件。合同主体是谁？Who will sign on this contract?合同各方是否具有合法主体资格？Are they
2、capable of doing it?合同及合同争议应适用的法律是什么？What is the applicable laws? 合同履行的地点在哪里？ Where does the contract shall be enforced? 合同生效、终止、履行日期及争议时的司法管辖权？When it will be effective, terminated? Whats the date of contract, and jurisdiction of it?,合同名称 name of contract,名称是合同的性质、内容、种类的具体体现，根据合同内容的不同而不同，如销售合同、购买合同
3、、赔偿合同、托运合同、代理合同等。合同的名称/标题一定要与合同内容相一致。,合同当事人 participants of contract,人数没有法律限定。当事人的名称第一次在合同中出现时应使用全称，以表示法律身份。只有在后面反复出现时才可以用简称，简称甲方和乙方，卖方和买方，许可方和被许可方。（e.g. hereinafter referred to as/hereinafter called Party A and Party B, the Seller and the Buyer, the Licensor and the Licensee.”）,法定地址 legal address,主
4、要指营业地、住所地或者居所所在地。（principle places of business or residential addresses, etc.）住所应是固定的，而不是临时的，亦不是下属分公司的。,签订日期/地点 date/location,The date and place of signing the contract,合同双方法律关系 legal relation,在明确了当事人全称后，指明谁是买方、卖方，或者是出让方、受让方等。（legal relationship between the parties）,同意订约的词句 intention to create contr
5、act,例如“双方同意按照以下条款及条件买卖下列货物。Both party agree to buy and sell the following commodities according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.”,例：标准的详细前言部分,GENERAL AGENCY AGREEMENT总代理协议书General Principles 总则 THE AGREEMENT dated the _ of _ is made BETWEEN:本协议书于_年_月_日由下列双方共同签订： _, a company incorporate
6、d under the laws of _, and having its registered address at _ (hereinafter called the “Principal”) and _, a company incorporated under the laws of _, and having its registered office at _ (hereinafter called the “General Agent”). 根据_法律登记注册的_公司，其地址_(以下称“委托人”)，与根据_法律登记注册的_有限公司，其地址_(以下称“总代理人”)。,例：标准的详细
7、前言部分,WHEREAS:-鉴于： The Principal is desirous of acquiring from _ Co., Ltd., (hereinafter called the “Seller” ) the SGI Technology (hereinafter called the “SGI technology”).委托人欲从_有限公司（以下称“卖方”）引进SGI技术（以下称“SGI”技术）。,例：标准的详细前言部分,The Principal and the General Agent have agreed that the General Agent shall
8、be appointed as the Principals sole exclusive Agent to negotiate, on behalf of the Principal, with the seller the price and other terms and conditions for, and all other matters connected with, the acquisition of the Technology by the Principal, subject to the terms and upon the conditions hereinaft
9、er set forth? 委托人和总代理人双方同意，由委托人指定的总代理人系独家全权代表，委托人授权其代表可根据本协议所列的条款和条件，与卖方洽谈引进技术的价格及其他有关事项： NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED as follows:兹同意下列条款：,例：简化/删除陈述事实部分的前言,COMMERCIAL CONTRACT 商业合同No: _ 合同号：Date:_ 日期The Buyer:_买方Cable Address:电报_ 电传Telex:_The Seller:_卖方Cable Address电报:_ Telex:电传_,例：简化/删除陈述事实部分的前言,This Co
10、ntract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stated below: 按本合同条款，买方同意购入、卖方同意出售下述货品，谨此签约。,合同的正文 body of contract,合同或协议的主体，明确规定当事人各方的权利、义务、责任和风险等。每一条款的内容都必须明确、具
11、体、完整，以避免意义含糊而发生纠纷。,正文的内容 content of body,合同的类型和合同标的的种类、范围。Type of contract and scope of the object in the contract.合同的价格条件、支付金额、支付方式和各种附加的费用。The contract price, amount, method of payment, other various incidental charges. 合同能否转让和合同转让的条件The conditions for the assignment of contract违反合同的赔偿和其他责任liabili
12、ty to pay compensation and other liabilities for breach of contract合同发生争议时的解决方法The ways for settling disputes检验、试航、验收inspection, trial and acceptance明确风险责任、约定保险范围Responsibility for risks and insurance clauses,合同的类型和合同标的的种类、范围 type, range of objects,例: Pursuant to the Buyers Purchase Order, the Selle
13、r agrees to supply the Buyer with the gods, and the names, types, serial numbers, quantity and unit price of the goods as stipulated in the annex to this contract. The annex shall form an integral part of the contract.,合同的价格条件、支付金额、支付方式和各种附加的费用 condition of price,价格条款 terms of price支付条款 terms of pay
14、ment,价格条款,价格是贸易中的关键所在。Price is the crux matter in business.现今最广泛使用的是FOB, CIF, 和CFR三种术语。当事人应确定商品计量单位的价格、货币、运费（海/空运费、内陆运费）、装卸费、仓储费、关税、手续费及培训费等由谁承担和风险划分。,例,Total Value Carrier air condition equipment (names, specifications, quantities, unit prices & origins as per attachment No. 1 to the Contract) tota
15、ling US $ 2,500,000.00(Say US Two Million Five Hundred Thousand Dollars only) CIF Shanghai or place designated by the Buyer.,支付条款 condition of payment,国际贸易中，为了安全起见，往往必须有银行介入。支付金额即合同规定的总金额。在起草这部分条款时，应详细规定支付金额（amount of payment）、支付工费（instrument of payment）、支付时间(time of payment)、支付地点(place of payment)和
16、支付方式(method of payment),例,Terms of Payment L/C shall be opened within 30 days by the buyer before shipment, the seller will remit the real value differences of buying and selling to the buyer after shipement. If the buyer makes out the bill and settles accounts of foreign currency, the buyer shall r
17、emit the total value to the seller according to the invoice/ receipt value opened.,合同能否转让和合同转让的条件 if it is transferable or not?,合同转让是一种特殊的合同变更，即合同条款一方将合同中的权利或义务的全部或部分转让给合同另一方或合同以外的第三方，是主体的变更。,违反合同的赔偿和其他责任 duty of breach and compensation,合同的起草者应在合同中明确规定违反合同当事人所承担的责任和承担责任的方式。关于违约责任条款，一般遵循过失责任原则和损害赔偿原则
18、。常用责任方式：违约金penalty,约定赔偿损失compensation for losses,支付利息payment of interest,中止履行suspension of the contract performance,或解除合同cancellation of the contract,例,If by reason of delay on the part of the Purchaser or Purchasers agent or representative, any payments due to Corporation are not made in accordance
19、 with the agreed payment schedule, Corporation reserves the right to apply a late payment charge of one and one-half (1.5%) percent per month (19.569 per annum) on all overdue amounts and Purchaser agrees to promptly pay any such late payment which are properly due hereunder.,In the event that one o
20、r more payments are delayed for sixty (60) days or more, Corporation shall have the right to stop all work under this Agreement and shall also have the right to claim such period of work stppage and the effects thereof as excusable delay pursant to Article 7 hereof (Excusable Delay). Purchaser agree
21、s to reimburse Corporation for those additional reasonable costs incurred by Corporation resulting from such work stoppage(s) and restart(s).,合同发生争议时的解决方法 the way for settling disputes,和解 conciliation调解 mediation仲裁 arbitration诉讼 litigation,例,Should any dispute arise between the contraction parties,
22、it shall be settled through friendly negotiations. But if there is no agreement to be reached, the dispute arising out of the execution or performance of this contract shall be submitted by the parties for arbitration. Arbitration shall be conducted by China International Economic and Trade Arbitrat
23、ion Commission in Beijing in accordance with its procedure rule. The award given by the Arbitration Commission shall be final and binding upon both parties. The fees for arbitration shall be borne by the losing party.合同各方发生争议的，应通过友好协商解决。达不成协议的，应由合同方将执行合同当中发生的争议提交仲裁解决。仲裁应由中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会在北京依照其仲裁规则进行。仲裁
24、委员会的裁决为终局性的，对双方生效。仲裁费用应由败诉方承担。,检验、试航、验收 inspection, trial and acceptance,在国际货物买卖中，买方收到货物不等于买方接受货物。“收到（receive）”和“接受（accept）”是两个不同的概念,例,Inspection: it is mutually agreed that the Inspection Certificate of Quality/Quantity/Weight issued by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau shall be taken as final
25、basis of delivery and binding upon both parties.商品检验：双方同意以中国商品检验局所签发的品质/数量/重量检验证作为交货的最后依据并对双方具有约束力。,明确风险责任、约定保险范围responsibility for risks and insurance clauses,不可抗力条款 force majeure保险条款 clauses of insurance,不可抗力条款 force majeure,也成免责条款，是国际经济合同中普遍采用的一项除外条款。内容：不可抗力事故的范围：对此合同双方应取得共识，在条款写作时，应明确具体，防止含糊其辞，以
26、免日后发生分歧。不可抗力所造成的后果： a. 合同无法继续执行，终止合同 b. 合同仍可继续执行，但需要延长履行合同期限。 以上两种情况都需要在合同中明确规定。,例,Any event or circumstance beyond the control of the Parties to the Contract shall be deemed an event of Force Majeure and shall include, but not restricted to, fire, storm, flood, earthquake, explosion, war, rebellion
27、, insurrection, epidemic and quarantine restriction. If, due to an event of Force Majeure, either Party is prevented from performing any of its obligations under this Contract, the time for performance under this Contract shall be extended by a period equal to the period of delay caused by such Force Majeure.,
