1、句子成分,句子是由不同种类的单词按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能表达一个完整意思的语言单位所构成。组成句子的各个成分即是句子成分。句子成分主要有八种,分别是主语、谓语、表语、宾语、(宾语和主语)补足语、定语、状语及同位语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,其他成分,如表语和宾语等是句子的次要成分。,一、主语用来说明句子所说的是“什么人”或是“什么事物”,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。,二、谓语说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”,谓语用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两个方面必须一致。,三、表语表语表示主语的性质、特征、身份等。表语要放在系动词之后与系动词一起作复合谓语。
2、,四、宾语宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者,元贝驾考网 http:/ 元贝驾考科目四 科目一 科目三 仿真试题,五、定语定语用来修饰名词或代词,六、状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,通常表示行为发生的地点、时间、方式、程度等。,七、宾语补足语宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的情况,单项选择 1. (2012六盘水中考)Tell the children _ unhealthy food. Its bad for their health. A. not to eat B. not eating C. to eat D. eating 【解析】选A。tell sb. not to do
3、sth. “告诉某人不要做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语,故选A。,2. (2012安顺中考)When I went into the room, I found _ in bed. A. him lying B. he lying C. he lies D. him was lying 【解析】选A。find sb. doing sth. “发现某人正在做某事”,现在分词作宾语补足语。,3. (2011凉山中考)I have _ to tell you. Maybe you will be _ in it. A. interesting something; interested B. so
4、mething interesting; interesting C. something interesting; interested 【解析】选C。形容词修饰不定代词时,应该放在其后面。be interested in是固定搭配,意思是“对感兴趣”。故选C。,4. (2011贵港中考)What do you think of the two backpacks? _ of them are very nice. A. Either B. Both C. Each D. All 【解析】选B。either “(两者中)任意一个”;both“(两者)都”;each “(三者或者三者以上中)任意一个”;all “(三者或者三者以上)都”,根据答句中be动词are,故作主语的是复数,问句指的是the two backpacks。故选B。,金手指驾校 http:/ 金手指驾驶员考试2016科目一 科目四,Grammar Focus,7. (2011岳阳中考) _ of the land is covered with trees and grass in Pingjiang, Yueyang. A. Three fives B. Three fifths C. Three fifth 【解析】选B。 分子用基数词表示;分母用序数词表示,当分子大于1时,分母加-s,故选B。,