1、第 1 页 / 共 13 页 黄浦区 2018 学年第一学期期末质量试卷高三英语（满分 140 分，完卷时间 120 分钟） 2018.12. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of t
2、he given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Just How Buggy is Your Phone?What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say _21_ toilet seat, youre wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as ma
3、ny germs as toilet seats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them.In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone
4、s owner reported the theft before _22_（die）from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally _23_（confess ）to the crime._24_ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Lo
5、ok at the surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars?“Thats all you,”says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell.“Thats biological information.”It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from _25_ of your friends and family. T
6、heyre like a fingerprint that could identify you. Some day in the future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants h
7、omes, _26_ countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner. In an _27_（ early）study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fin
8、gerprints to identify the person who _28_（use）a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.One day, microbial signatures might show _29_ people have gone and what they have touched. They could prove _30_ an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your phone
9、 is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just bother you?第 2 页 / 共 13 页 Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. measurement B. similar C. remarkably D. monetary E.
10、astronomy F. alteredG. civilization H. defined I. independence J. invariably K. dominatedThe NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-asthe gift of the Nile. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to contr
11、ol and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous _31_.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost _32_ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topaoil. Seeds were sown, yielding whea
12、t, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of _33_ a Nilometer, was used to d
13、etermine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river-_34_ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) _35_ system they exchanged goods, bringing b
14、ack timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also _36_ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts（囊肿）. Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and disc
15、overies were often confused with superstition（迷信）. And while a great deal of time was dedicated to _37_ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won _38_ from Britain af
16、ter World War . The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, _the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 _40_ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the countrys rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest
17、 in the Arab world. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.第 3 页 / 共 13 页 Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty CitiesWater covers 71%
18、 of Earths surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a source of fresh water. _41_ on this limited resources is rising, a trend likely to continue.It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who _42_ water. Agriculture, industry and tourism often require more water than the muni
19、cipal water supply. Globally, 70% of fresh water is _43_ for agriculture, but locally in heavily irrigated（灌溉）areas this can increate to 90%. A healthy environment also requires fresh water, and the quality of available water is as important as its _44_.Water stress is not always caused by physical
20、shortages in dry areas. _45_ for water resources between different users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.Every thirsty city operates within its own context, _46_ to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies. Cape Town, _47_, has faced three years of drought during whic
21、h winter rains failed to materialize. At the end of the 2017 rainy season the city faced the _48_ of its dams running dry during 2018. The dams were only 37% fullin the same week four years before they were full to the top. In January 2018, it was _49_ that Cape Town would reach Day Zero, when it wo
22、uld be forced to turn off the taps, in April. This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half, from 1.2 billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres, and working _50_ with industry and agriculture to reduce demand.On February 1, the authorities put in place a stri
23、ct limit of 50 litres of water per person per day. _51_, in Britain this is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.In addition, a ban was placed on using _52_ water for gardens, water management devices were installed at household with a high water us
24、e and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks. At the same, the city launched a media _53_ to change habits and introduced higher duties. This is not without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both significant areas of employment, have _54_. It is a classic example of the problem of
25、water economics-the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm. The _55_ of Day Zero must serve as a wake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to co
26、pe with an uncertain future.41. A. Impact B. Pressure C. Impression D. Observation42. A. recycle B. waste C. consume D. apply43. A. restored B. abstracted C. separated D. preserved44. A. change B. source C. origin D. volume第 4 页 / 共 13 页 45. A. Competition B. Protection C. Construction D. Regulation
27、46. A. contributing B. regarding C. responding D. referring47. A. in addition B. for example C. on the contrary D. as a result48. A. prospect B. illustration C. symptom D. security49. A. reported B. presented C. predicted D. explained50. A. respectively B. increasingly C. restrictively D. extensivel
28、y51. A. By comparison B. In other words C. To our surprise D. Whats more52. A. feasible B. drinkable C. inevitable D. influential53. A. campaign B. statement C. presentation D. advertisement54. A. invaded B. liberated C. suffered D. proceeded55. A. change B. theory C. record D. threatSection B(A)Des
29、pite an advertisement campaign suggesting wall-to-wall special effects, “Bridge of Terabithia” is grounded in reality far more than in fantasy. Adapting Katherine Patersons award-winning novel, the screenwriters David Paterson and Jeff Stockwell have produced a thoughtful and extremely affecting sto
30、ry of a transformative friendship between two unusually gifted children. The result is a movie whose emotional depth could appeal more to adults than to their children.Jess Aarons (Josh Hutcherson) is a sixth grader with four sisters, financially tensed parents and a talent for drawing. An introvert
31、ed(内向的) kid who is regularly picked on by the school buses, Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie (Anna Sophia Robb), a free spirit whose parents, both writers, are fondly neglectful. An attraction between outsiders, their friendship feeds on her words and his pictures; together they cre
32、ate an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes, a world they can control and where their minds can wander free.Beautifully capturing a time when a bully in school can occur as large as a monster in a nightmare and the encouragement of a teacher can alter the course of a life, “Bridge to Te
33、rabithia” keeps the fantasy in the background to find magic in the everyday. Gabor Csupo directs this, his first feature, like someone close to the pain of being different, fascinated in tiny, perfect details.With strong performances from all the leads, “Bridge to Terabithia” is able to handle adult
34、 topics with sensitivity. As the emotional landscape darkens, those who havent read the book may be surprised at the sorrow the filmmakers cause without ever resorting to horror or terror. In other words, your children may cry, but they wont be traumatized so badly.Consistently smart and delicate as
35、 a spider web, “Bridge to Terabithia” is the kind of childrens movie rarely seen nowadays. At a time when many public schools are being forced to cut music and art from the curriculum, the storys 第 5 页 / 共 13 页 insistence on the healing power of a cultivated imagination is both welcome and essential
36、.56. The second paragraph indicates that Jess and Leslie _.A. lost their control over the imaginary kingdomB. looked down on their individual realitiesC. formed a good friendship despite their different talentsD. wrote a book about a magical land called Terabithia57. Which of the following words is
37、most likely to replace “traumatized” (paragraph 4)?A. criticized B. ignored C. delighted D. shocked58. The two children most likely _.A. skipped school to play in the woods behind their campusB. created an imaginary world as an escape from realityC. disappointed their parents with their over-active
38、imaginationsD. won against the bullies at school with strong performances59. Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?A. The fantasy components of the movie were too over-done.B. The movie is motional but not much too dramatic.C. “Bridge to Terabithia” has a negativ
39、e impact on public school education.D. Children shouldnt watch the film as they are too young to understand the topics.(B)第 6 页 / 共 13 页 Hot Air BalloonsA hot air balloon is made up of 3 main parts:The EnvelopeThe actual fabric balloon which holds the airThe BurnerThe unit which pushes the heat up i
40、nto the envelopeThe BasketWhere the passengers and pilot standThe basis of how the balloon works is that warmer air rises in cooler air. This is because hot air is lighter than cool air as it has less mass per unit of volume. Mass can be defined by the measure of how much matter something contains.
41、The actual balloon has to be large as it takes a large amount of heated air to lift it off the 第 7 页 / 共 13 页 ground.The burner uses propane gas to heat up the air in the envelope to move the balloon off the ground and into the air. The pilot must keep firing the burner at regular intervals througho
42、ut the flight to ensure that the balloon continues to the stable. Naturally, the hot air will not escape from the hot at the very bottom of the envelop as firstly, hot air rises and secondly, the floating power keeps it moving up.To move the balloon upwards, the pilot opens up the propane value whic
43、h lets the propane flow to the burner which in turn frees the flame up into the envelope. It works in much the same way as a gas grill: the more you open the valve, the bigger the flame to beat the air and the faster the balloon rises.The “Parachute Valve” at the very top of the balloon is what is u
44、sed to bring the balloon down towards the ground. It is a circle of fabric cut out of the top of the envelop which is controlled by a rope which runs down through the middle of the envelope to the basket. If the pilot wants to bring the balloon down, he or she simply pulls on the rope which will ope
45、n the valve, letting hot air escape, decreasing the inner air temperature. This cooling of air causes the balloon to slow its rise.The pilot can operate horizontally by changing the vertical position of the balloon because the wind blows in different directions at different altitudes. If the pilot w
46、ants to move in a particular direction, he or she simply arises and falls to the appropriate level and rides with the wind.60. The purpose of this article is to _.A. explain how hot air balloons workB. illustrate why hot air balloons are usefulC. describe hot air balloons structureD. inform readers
47、about how hot air balloons are made61. What would happen if the “Parachute Valve” could not be released after it was opened?A. The inside of the balloon would continue to heat up.B. The balloon would climb up more rapidlyC. The self-sealing valve would need to take over the role of the Parachute Val
48、ve.D. The balloon would begin to move down more rapidly.62. Which of the following skills or knowledge would be the most useful to a balloon pilot?A. The ability to sew the panels of fabric together to make a balloon.B. An understanding of how propane gas is manufactured.第 8 页 / 共 13 页 C. A knowledg
49、e of the background of passengers who are travelling in the balloon.D. A knowledge of air currents and wind directions in the area where he is piloting the balloon.(C)The surface of Venus has never seemed very hospitable. Temperatures change around 470C(900F), the result of a runway greenhouse effect, and the pressure of its atmosphere, thick with carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid(硫酸)
