1、Subjunctive Mood,陈述语气 陈述事实或提出看法,有肯定,否定,疑问或感叹等形式 I went to the theatre yesterday. Jack hadnt come back home yet. 祈使语气 请求,邀请, 命令,警告或劝告等 Lets go. Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.,一. 语气的分类,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在
2、宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气的概念,虚拟语气的主要内容,一、非真实条件句（if等）中的虚拟语气1.时态一致 2. 混合条件句 3. 含蓄条件句 4. 倒装句 5. If only 感叹 二、名词性从句的虚拟语气：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式wish、as if/though、would rather、Its time Its necessary/strange/matural/inportant+that从句,虚拟语气,一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：,虚拟语气在 在条件从
3、句中,1.If I had HIV, I would know it because I would feel sick 2.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. 3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake. 4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.,（与现在事实相反）,（与过去事实相反）,.(与现在事实相反）,5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go
4、 for an outing. 6.I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools. 7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.,(与将来事实相反),2、错综时间的虚拟句 主句和从句的谓语动词时间是一致的, 但有时指不同的时间, 要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式. 1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句
5、指过去)。 2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。 3. If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years, things wouldnt be going so smoothly. （从句指过去，主句指现在）。 4. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（从句指过去，主句指现在
6、）。 5. If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （从句指现在，主句指将来）,3、含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来, 是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示。这些介词常是：but for, without, otherwise等。如：Eg: But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 1. The change could not have tak
7、en place without the open-door policy. 2. I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer.,虚拟语气,4、省略 if 的条件从句当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.Were I to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this tim
8、e, he would try again.Should he fail in the experimentIf you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.,虚拟语气在 在条件从句中,Had you come a few.,5 . If only 要是就好了 If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！,If only
9、our parents could live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!,a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?,were,would take,burst,would happen,PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.,c. If the policeman _ (be not) in t
10、hat room now, it _ (be) very dangerous. d. If I _ (be) in your position at this time, I _ (ask) for teachers help .,were not,could be,were,would ask,If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it alread
11、y. b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.,had been,would have passed,had got,would have caught,PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks,c. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.,had met,would have gone,3. 名词性从句的虚拟语气。 主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。,宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持：insist 两个命
12、令：order, command 三个建议：advise, suggest, propose 五个要求：demand , require, request, desire ask,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,We suggested that Tom have a rest.,He insisted that I (should )be present.,The king ordered that
13、 the prisoners be killed the next day.,They requested that we (should) send them to work there.,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,注意:insist / suggest 各有两意思，要用不同的语气 表“坚决要求”,虚拟, should + do; 表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。表“建议”，虚拟, should + do; 表“表明、暗示” ，用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we _ more after class. （我们课后多练习） The look on h
14、er face suggested that she _happy He insisted that all of us _there on time by any means. （我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿） He insisted that he _ the wallet(没有偷钱包).,insist,suggest,(should) practise,was,should be,didnt steal,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)V.order, advice, suggestion, p
15、roposal, demand, request, desire,Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,二：虚拟语气特殊句型：,wish 的宾语从句,现在： 过去： 将来：,过去时（were）,过去完成时,would/could/might+V. should,I wish I
16、were a bird.（现在） I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去） We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来）,as if, as though 引起的从句，其用法同 wish 构成的宾语从句一样,As if/though和wish用法相同,He looks as if he were drunk.,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,She loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems
17、 as if it were spring.I remembered the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,2. would rather (that),现在： 过去： 将来：,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3.Its (about/high) time +(that),should +V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该
18、去睡觉了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you were going. Its high time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,(Should不可省略),4. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形,It is important that we ( should
19、 ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that we should study hard.,类型归类： 1. If+从句-，主句-（看时间） 2. 动词+从句（should do) 3. If only+从句 4. Wish + 从句 5. As if +从句 6. Would rather +sb +did/had done 7. Its high time that sb +did/should do 8. It is +形容词+that
20、+ sb+should+do 9. 错综时间虚拟语气 10. 含蓄虚拟语气,虚拟语气,Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.A. would have missed B. had missedC. would miss D. missed 2.It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy. He would be still alive today if he _ that drug. A.not take B. hadnt takenC. didnt take D. shouldnt ha
21、ve taken,Exercises,虚拟语气,3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.)A. listened B. had listenedC. should listen D. would listen 4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.A. sell B. soldC. shall sell D. would sell 5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone,虚拟语气,6. Simon
22、 looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well.A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 7. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A. had been B. were C. was D. been 8. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then.A. would lend B. would have lentC. c
23、ould lend D. may have lent,虚拟语气,9. Have you ever been to Beijing?- No, but I wish I _.A. have B. will C. do D. had 10. I dont think it is the right time that you _.A. will go B. went C. go D. must go 11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were
24、 broken D. had been broken,虚拟语气,12.(2003上海春季高考题)Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. A.followed B.would follow C.had followed D.should follow 13.(2002上海高考题)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall 14.She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him，but he didnt believe it. A.hadnt spoken B.shouldnt speak C.wouldnt speak D.not speak,
