1、虚拟语气The Subjunctive Mood虚 拟语 气 1） 概念 虚 拟语 气用来表示 说话 人的主 观 愿望或假想，所 说 的是一个条件，不一定是事 实 ，或与事 实 相反。2） 在条件句中的 应 用 条件句可分 为 两 类 ，一 类为 真 实 条件句，一 类为非真 实 条件句。非真 实 条件句表示的是假 设 的或 实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚 拟语 气。1 真 实 条件句 真 实 条件句用于 陈 述 语 气，假 设 的情况可能 发 生，其中 if 是如果的意思。时态 关系句型： 条件从句 主句一般 现 在 时 shall/will + 动词 原形If he comes, he w
2、ill bring his violin.The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained答案 B。真 实 条件句主句 为 将来 时，从句用一般 现 在 时 。注意：1） 在真 实 条件句中，主句不能用 be going to表示将来， 该 用 shall, will.(错 ) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对 ) If you leave now, you will never regret
3、it.2） 表示真理 时 ，主句 谓语动词 便不用shall (will) +动词 原形，而直接用一般 现在 时 的 动词 形式。2 非真 实 条件句 1） 时态 ：可以表示 过 去， 现 在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是 时态 退后。a. 同 现 在事 实 相反的假 设 。句型 ： 条件从句 主句 一般 过 去 时 should( would) +动词 原形 If they were here, they would help you.b. 表示于 过 去事 实 相反的假 设 。句型： 条件从句 主句 过 去完成 时 should(would) have+ 过 去分 词If she had w
4、orked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含 义 ： He did not come yesterday, so I did not t
5、ell him about it. If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.含 义 ： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress. c. 表示 对 将来的假想句型： 条件从句 主句一般 过 去 时 should+ 动词 原形 were+ 不定式 would + 动词 原形should+ 动词 原形If you succeeded, everything would b
6、e all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.3 混合条件句 主句与从句的 动 作 发 生在不同的 时间 ， 这时 主，从句 谓语动词 的虚 拟语 气形式因 时间 不同而不同， 这 叫做混合条件句。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句与 过 去事 实 相反，主句与 现 在事 实 相反。）If it had rai
7、ned last night (过 去 ), it would be very cold today (现 在 ).4 虚 拟 条件句的倒装 虚 拟 条件句的从句部分如果含有 were, should, 或 had, 可将 if省略，再把 were, should或 had 移到从句句首， 实行倒装。Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlie
8、r, you would have met him.Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.=If it should rain,the crops would be saved.=If it were to rain,the crops would be saved.注意：在虚 拟语 气的从句中， 动词 be的 过 去 时态 一律用 “were“，不用 was， 即在从句中 be用 were代替。If I were you, I would go to look f
9、or him.如果我是你，就会去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在 这 儿，一切都会好的。典型例 题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I答案 C. 在虚 拟 条件状 语 中如果有 were, should, had这 三个 词主 语 提前 , 变 成 were, should, had +主 语 的形式。但要注意，在虚 拟 条件状 语 从句中，省略 连词 的倒装形式的句首不能用
10、动词 的 缩 略形式。如我 们 可 说 Were I not to do., 而不能 说 Werent I to do.5 特殊的虚 拟语 气 词 ： should 1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that 结 构中的主 语 从句的 谓语动词 要用 should 加 动词 原形， should 可省略。句型：(1)suggestedIt is (2)important that+ (should) do(3) a pity(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested
11、, insisted； + (should) do (2)important, necessary, natural, strangea pity, a shame, no wonder.(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.2）在 宾语 从句中的 应 用在表示命令、建 议 、要求等一 类动词 后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand,
12、 request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.注意： 如 suggest, insist不表示 “建 议 “ 或 “坚 持要某人做某事 时 “，即它 们 用于其本意 “暗示、表明“、 “坚 持 认为 “时 ， 宾语 从句用 陈 述 语 气。The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判
13、断改 错 :You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. Your pale face suggests that you are ill.I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.I insisted that you were wrong.（ F）(T)(F)(T)3）在表 语 从句，同位 语 从句中的 应 用在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名 词 后面的表 语 从句、同位 语 从句中要用虚 拟语气，即（ should） +动词 原形。
14、My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.6 wish的用法 1）用于 wish后面的从句，表示与事 实 相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能 实现 的愿望。其 宾语 从句的 动词 形式 为 ：真 实 状况 wish后 从句 动 作先于主句 动词动 作 现 在 时 过 去 时（ be的 过 去式 为 were） 从句 动 作与主句 动 作同 时发 生 过 去 时 过 去完成 时（ had
15、 + 过 去分 词 ） 将来不大可能 实现 的愿望 将来 时 would/could +动词 原形 I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一 样 高。He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没 讲 那 样 的 话。I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。2） wish to do表达法。wish sb / sth to doI wish to see the manager.= I want to see the manager.I wish the manager to be inform
16、ed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once.7 比 较 if only与 only if only if表示 “只有 “； if only则 表示 “如果 就好了 “。 If only也可用于 陈 述 语 气。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有 闹钟 响了，我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung. 当 时闹钟 响了，就好了。If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来 .8. It is (high) time that
17、It is (high) time that 后面的从句 谓语动词 要用 过 去式或用 should加 动词原形，但 should不可省略。It is time that the children went to bed.It is high time that the children should go to bed.9 need “不必做 “和 “本不 该 做 “ didnt need to do表示： 过 去不必做某事 , 事 实 上也没做。 .neednt have done表示： 过 去不必做某事 , 但事实 上做了。John went to the station with th
18、e car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 约 翰开 车 去 车 站接 玛丽 ，所以她不必步行回家了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. 约 翰开 车 去 车 站接 玛丽 ，所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家，没有遇上 John的 车 。 )典型例 题There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried答案 D。 neednt have done. 意 为 “本不必 “，即已经 做了某事，而 实际 上不必要。mustnt have done 用法不正确， 对过 去 发 生的事情 进 行否定性推断 应为 couldnt have done, “不可能已 经 “。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现 在 时 ）
