1、,cEo_Mr基德,虚拟语气,The Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用,If+主语+动词的过去式 （动词be用were),主语+should/would/ Might/could动词 原形,If+主语+had +过去分词,主语+should/would/ Might/couldhave done,1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to
2、+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形,主语+should/would/ Might/could动词 原形,例：,If I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad.(如果我是你，我就抓住这次出国机会。）与现在事实相反的假设 If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.(如果你早听了我的意见，你考试就能通过了。）与过去事实相反的假设 If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off t
3、he meeting till next Monday.(如果他明天不来，我们就会把会议推迟到下周一了。）与将来事实相反的假设,Attention:,1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. 如果你刚刚听了我的建议的话，你现在就好多了,2.If省略句,在条件句中可省略if，把were, had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。如： If I were at
4、school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习。,注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词时否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式,如：我们可以说：Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 但不能说Werent it for the expense ,I would go abroad now.,3.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, without, but for.,如：
5、Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=Had it not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.
6、没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作,4.含蓄条件句,有时为了表达需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如： I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词） 我那天病了。否则，我就参加运动会了 5.Even if，even though 也可用于虚拟语气，其形式与If从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同。,二.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用.,1.用于宾语从句中 （1）wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形
7、式为： 过去时（宾语从句中动作与wish同时） 过去完成时（宾语从句中动作先于wish） would/Might/could动词原形,即过去将来时（宾语从句动作后于wish）,如：,I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 我希望我是只小鸟，能在填空自由飞翔I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.我希望昨天见到那个明星了How I wish it werent raining now. 我多希望现在没下雨啊,此外，用于if only+句子=How I wis
8、h +that 从句,如：If only I were a flying bird!=How I wish I were a flying bird! 我要是一只飞鸟该多好,（2）用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：demand（要求 ），order（命令 ），require（命令 ），recommend，insist(坚决要求 )，suggest(建议），propose（提出建议），advice（建议）等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should +动词原形”should 可以省略。,如:He suggested that we (should) start off e
9、arly the next day. 他建议我们第二天早点出发,（3）在would rather 后的宾语从句中，也用虚拟语气其结构为：,Would rather sb.+,过去时,过去完成时（从句动作先发生）,如：I would rather they didnt hear of the news. 我宁愿他们没听到那个消息,（4）当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说，力言”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，应使用陈述语气。,如：The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied
10、with our work.他脸上的微笑表明他对我们工作很满意 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那个人坚持说他没有偷钱,2.用于主语从句中,It is desired / suggested / proposed /recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity / essential+ that从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略 如：It is suggested that the meeting (should ) be
11、 put off till next week. 人们建议会议推迟到下周,3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中,在suggestion, proposal , order , plan , idea , request ,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成为“should+动词原形”should可以省略.,如：My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it 我的意见是在接受之前要反复考虑,易混点,一. As if (as though)用在虚拟语气中 如果as if引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动
12、词所表达的动作同时发生，as if 引导的从句谓语动词用过去时；如果as if 引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作先于主句谓语动词所表达的动作，as if 引导的从句谓语动词用过去 完成时；如果as if 引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作后于主句谓语动词所表达的动作，as if引导的从句谓语动词用过去将来时,He looks as if he were an artist(同时） 他看起来像个艺术家。 She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in American.(先于） 她讲英语讲得如此流利，好像她在美国学过英语。
13、 He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA。（后于） 他如此努力地学英语，好像他要去美国,二.虚拟语气用于定语从句中,It is (high) time (that)句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去时，或用should+动词原形（其中should不能省略).此句型意为“（现在）该”，用来表示提议 如： It is (high) time (that) you went to school. 你该去上学了 It is (high) time (that) we should start out. 我们该出发了,（2010北京）T
14、he weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables_. A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt die D. wouldnt have die,答案：D 解析:句意：现在天气变得又热又干。是啊。如果当初下一点雨，现在情况也会好的很多！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。本题考察虚拟语气。题干中If引导的从句为过去完成时，是对过去事情的虚拟，主句却是would do,对现在事实的虚拟
15、，此为干扰部分，空格处表示蔬菜都死了，是过去的事实，在对过去的事实进行虚拟，故选择D项。,(2010天津卷）John went to the hospital alone. If he _me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told,答案：D,解析：本题考察虚拟语气的if条件句的时态。根据第一句谓语动词went，可知第二句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故if从句谓语动词用had told。,（2010江苏卷）George is going to talk about the
16、 geography of his country ，but Id rather he _more on its culture A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused,答案：B,解析：would rather后加从句，如果表示过去的动作应用过去完成时态，如果表示现在或将来的动作则用过去时态,（2010福建）Teachers recommend parents_ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. A. not allow B. do not a
17、llow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow,答案：A,解析： demand（要求 ），order（命令 ），require（命令 ），recommend，insist(坚决要求 )，suggest(建议），propose（提出建议），advice（建议）后接宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”should可以省略,（2009安徽卷）But for their help, we_ the program in time A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished,答案：D,解析:这里表达的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以选择D.,
