1、 虚拟语气1.概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2.在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生.句型：条件从句 + 主句一般现在时 + shall/will + 动词原形If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rain B. rains C.
2、 rained D. is rained答案 B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用 be going to 表示将来，该用 shall, will.(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用 shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 非真实条件句时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a.同现在事实相反
3、的假设。句型： 条件从句 + 主句一般过去时 + should(would)+动词原形If they were here, they would help you.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型： 条件从句 + 主句过去完成时 + should(would)have+ 过去分词If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he
4、 would have prevented me from going.If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not
5、 make greater progress.c.表示对将来的假想句型：条件从句+主句条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should+ 动词原形were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形should+ 动词原形If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因
6、时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。 ）If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有 were、should、或 had 可将 if 省略，再把were、should 或 had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。Were they here now, they could help us.=If they
7、were here now, they could help us.Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be”的过去时态一律用“were” ，不用 was，即在从句中 be 用 were 代替。If I were you, I would go to
8、 look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I答案 C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有 were, should, had 这三个词，通常将 if 省略，主语提前, 变成 were、should、had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形
9、式。如我们可说 Were I not to do，而不能说 Werent I to do.I forget where I read the article, or I _ it to you now.A. will show B. would showC. am going to show D. am showing2. “It looks as if he were drunk.“ “So it does. _.“A. Hed better give up drinkingB. He shouldnt have drunk so muchC. Health is more importan
10、t than drinkD. I wonder why he is always doing so3. “Mary looks hot and dry.“ “So _ you if you had so high a fever.“A. do B. are C. will D. would4. “He will come tomorrow.“ “But Id rather he _ the day after tomorrow.“A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come（1）“Shall I come tomorrow?“ “Id rather
11、 you _.“A. wont B. didnt C. dont D. wouldnt（2）“Ive told him about it.“ “But Id rather you _.“A. didnt B. hadnt C. dont D. wouldnt（3）“He will take you as well.“ “But Id rather he _.“A. wont B. didnt C. doesnt D. wouldnt5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _ badly wounded and that he _
12、at once.A. should be; be operated onB. were; must be operated onC. was; should be operatedD. was; be operated on（1）The patient insisted that he _ ill and _ to the hospital.A. wasnt, wasnt sent B. wasnt, shouldnt be sentC. shouldnt be, wasnt sent D. shouldnt be, shouldnt be sent（2）The man in prison i
13、nsisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ set free.A. should do, should be B. had done, should beC. had done, had been D. should do, had been（3）I advised that he _ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _ quite well then.A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feelingC. he sent; feel D. should be se
14、nt; should feel6. _ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up解析：1、 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】正确答案选 B.根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didnt forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话但事实上忘了） 。2、 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是
15、受句中 drunk 一词的影响。【分析】最佳答案为 D.关键信息是 It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了“不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是 D.3、 【陷阱】容易误选 A 或 C.选 A 者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选 C 者，认为其后带有 if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。【分析】此题最佳答案为 D.分析如下：（1）“so + 助动词 + 主语“是一个很有用的结构，它表示“也一样“时。如：He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，
16、我也一样。When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。（2）由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息） ，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选 D.4、 【陷阱】容易误选 A 或 B.根据上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。【分析】但此题的最佳答案是 C.按照英语习惯，would rather 后接 that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语
17、气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：Id rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。Id rather he hadnt told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。（1、2、3、4答案均为 B）：5、 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 C.insist 后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形“这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，
18、则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选 C 最合适。以下类似试题答案选 B6、 【陷阱】容易误选 D.【分析】正确答案应选 B.之所以不能选 D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像 D 项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。when, if, unless 等引导的从句中,如果谓语
19、包含有动词 be,主语又和主句的主语一致,或者主语是 it ,就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词 be)省略掉.Look out for cars when crossing the street.When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.If nece
20、ssary, Ill have the letter duplicated.If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.Once having made a promise,
21、 you should keep it.She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.Fill in the application as instructed.Whenever known, such facts should be reported.The documents will be returned as soon as signed.He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.Fill in the
22、blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.than 或者 as 引导的状语从句中He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).He is
23、 now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.Their training is free, as is all education.We will, as always, stand on your side.His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.虚拟语气的几点补充：1、 类
24、似 if 引导的虚拟条件句Wish, would rather, as if/as though, if only + 主语 + 过去式（对现在情况虚拟）过去完成时（对过去情况虚拟） (had done)It is (high) time (that) + 主语 + 过去式 表示应该做某事了2、 动词接 should 型的虚拟从句，should do，should 可以省略“一、二、三、四”口诀一个坚持insist两个命令order，command三个要求demand，required，request四个建议suggest，advise ，recommend，propose例：Teachers
25、 recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school.A. not allow B. do not allow C.mustnt allow D. couldnt allowThe guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rules.A. obeys B. would obey C. will obey D. obeyJanes pale face suggested that she ill, and her parents suggested that
26、she a medical examination.A.be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has1. The Bennetsnew neighbourIt is a truth well known to all the world that an unmarried man in possession of1 a large fortune2 must be in need of a wife. And when such a man moves into a neighbourhood, even if nothi
27、ng is known about his feelings or opinions, this truth is so clear to the surrounding families, that they think of him immediately as the future husband of one or other of their daughters.My dear Mr Bennet, said Mrs Bennet to her husband one day, have you heard that someone is going to rent Netherfi
28、eld Park at last?No, Mrs Bennet, I havent. said her husband.Dont you want to know who is renting it? cried Mrs Bennet impatiently.You want to tell me, and I dont mind listening.Mrs Bennet needed no further encouragement. Well, my dear, I hear that hes a very rich young man from the north of England.
29、 It seems he came to see Netherfield on Monday and was so delighted with it that he arranged to rent it at once. Of course, it is the finest house in the area, with the largest gardens. His servants will be here by the end of the week, and he will be arriving soon afterwards!After listening to their
30、 praise of the officers one morning, Mr Bennet said coolly, From what I can see, you must be two of the silliest girls in the country. Ive suspected it for some time, but now Im convinced.Kitty was embarrassed and did not reply, but Lydia, the youngest, continued to express her admiration for a cert
31、ain Captain Carter, with perfect indifference.sillyThat is the only point, I think, on which we do not agree. I am afraid I must say that I consider our two youngest daughters unusually foolish.My dear Mr Bennet, you mustnt expect such young girls to have the common sense of their father or mother.
32、I remember when I used to like a red coat myself, and indeed I still do. If a good-looking officer with five or six thousand a year wanted to marry one of my girls, I wouldnt turn him down. And I thought Colonel Forster looked very handsome last night at Sir Williams, in his 1 in possession of 拥有、占有
33、eg:He is in possession of a large estate in the country.他在乡下拥有一大块地产。2 fortune 财富；运气eg:Fortune smiles upon the brave and frownsupon the coward.财富总是对勇敢的人微笑，对懦弱的人皱眉头。regimental uniform.Just then a servant entered with a note for Jane, which had come from Netherfield. Mrs Bennets eyes shone with pleasur
34、e and she called out eagerly, while her daughter was reading it, Well, Jane, who is it from? What does he say? Tell us, tell us quickly, my love!rent 租借、出租eg: I rent an apartment in town.我在城里租了一个公寓。mind 作动词表示介意、注意；作名词意为理智、精神、智力eg: Do you mind my closing the window?我关窗您不会介意吧?by the end of 到结束时、在 之前eg
35、: Weve finished our task by the end of the deadline.在截止日期之前我们就完成了任务。convinced 确信的、深信的eg: He is convinced that she could make him happy.虽然他对她了解不多，但是他坚信她可以让自己过得快乐。embarrassed 尴尬的、窘迫的eg: Jim was embarrased for making such a big mistake.吉姆对自己犯了那么大个错误而感到尴尬不已。indifference 漠不关心、冷淡；相应的形容词形式为 indifferenteg: Everyone can feel his indifference.每个人都能感受到他的冷淡。expect 期望、指望、预期；其名词形式为 expectationeg: I never expect that you will come.我没想到你回来。turn down 拒绝、回绝eg: Why did you turn down his invitation？你为什么回绝了他的邀请？
