1、虚拟语气,The subjunctive Mood,语气,英语的语气分三大类： 陈述语气：用来叙述一件事实。 祈使语气：表达说话人的请求或命令。 虚拟语气：表示说话人的假设,愿望, 猜测, 而不是表示客观存在的事实。,虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法:,( 一 ) 用于条件状语从句,1、真实条件句和虚拟条件句,真实条件句：If I have time, I will go to see you.,If you move, Ill shoot you.,虚拟条件句:,If I were a bird, I would fly there.,If I were a student, I would st
2、udy hard.,一、三种情况的虚拟语气句型基本结构：,过 去 完 成 时 had done,would/could/might/ should+ have done,一般过去时（be用were）,would/could/might / should do, 一般 过去时(be用were） should do were to do,would/could/might / should do,考点提示,1,would /could / might的意义不同点：,If you tried again, 如果你再试一次,you would succeed. .,you might succeed.
3、 .,you could succeed. .,你就会成功,你就能够成功,你或许能成功,2,if 引导的条件主语从句如果不是假设，而是事实或很可能是事实，就不是虚拟语气而是真是条件句，应该用陈述语气。,If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.如果明天下雨，我会呆在家里。 If it rained tomorrow, I would stay at home,3,在虚拟语气中，be的形式常用were,Some examples:,If you_my advice,you_in the examination. 如果你听了我的建议，你考试就不会失败,ha
4、d taken,wouldnt have failed,If I_time, I_ the meeting 如果我现在有时间，我就会参加会议.,had,would attend,If I_ you,I_ her invitation. 如果我是你，我就会接受她的邀请,were,would accept,If it _ tomorrow，the meeting_ put off. 如果明天下雨，会议将会推迟,rained/should rain/were to rain,would be,（1 ）当条件状语从句的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。,e
5、g. If you had followed the doctors advice then, you would be quite all right now.(从句指过去,主句指现在),注 意,错综时间条件,Practice: 假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好的多。,You much better now if you my advice.,would be,had taken,要不是你误了公共汽车的话，我们现在正在欣赏音乐会呢,If you_ the bus, we _the concert now.,hadnt missed,would be enjoying,If he had n
6、ot gone out in the storm, he _ alive now. A. will be B. would beC. would have beenD. is,错综时间条件句,虚拟语气,二、省略 if 的条件从句当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把 它们放在句首。If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.Were I to meet him tomorrow,If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would
7、try again.Should he fail in the experiment,虚拟语气在 在条件从句中,_the exam, he would have attend a college.,A. If he passed B. Had he passed C. Were he passed D. If he should pass,_five minutes earlier, you could have seenthem off.,A. If you should arrive B. If you arrive C. Had you arrived D. Should you arr
8、ive,_it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.,A. Were B. should C. would D. will,【注意】： 省略if后，句首不能出现动词的缩略形式，如：,If it werent for the high expense,I would go to America. Werent it for the high expense, I would go to America.( ) Were it not for the high expense,I woul
9、d go to America.( ),3,含蓄虚拟语气,含蓄条件句也叫含蓄虚拟语气， 即有时假设的情况并不用从句表示出来， 而是通过其他方式表示出来，主句仍用虚拟语气。主要有以下三者情况：,1,通过介词短语but for , without等表示出来,Without your advice, I would have failed. 如果没有你的建议， 我就已经失败了。 But for your help he wouldnt have completed his university studies. 要不是有你的资助， 他不可能完成大学学业。,用otherwise/ or等连词或副词代替
10、条件句,She was ill that day.Otherwise, she would have taken part in your birthday party. 她那天生病了，否则她会参加你的生日的。He telephoned me of the accident, or I would have known nothing about it. 他打电话告诉我这场事故，否则我根本不知道此事。,2,含蓄虚拟语气,虚拟语气的其他用法,wish, if only （“但愿，要是就好了”）后的宾语从句,与现在事实相反-一般过去时(did/were) 与过去事实相反-过去完成时(had+don
11、e) 与将来事实相反-过去将来时(would /could/might ),虚拟语气除了用于条件句中表示假设情况以外，它还可以用于其他从句中，表示要求、命令、愿望、劝告、惊奇、怀疑等意义。,虚拟语气,例句1. I wish I were 10 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻十岁。 2. I wish (that) you could get a good job.我希望你能找到一个好职业。 3. He wished he hadnt done it.他想要是他没这样做该多好。,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,Exercises:,“ Have you visited the Scien
12、ce Museum?” “ No, but I really wish I _.”,A. had B. did C. have D. will,I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _there.,A. was B. were C. had been D. went,I wish I _ you yesterday.,A. see B. did see C. had seen D. were to see,-He is a brave man. -Yes, I wish I _his courage.,A. Have B. had C. will h
13、ave D. would have,If only (1) 但愿，要是就好了 If only I knew his name now! If only we had followed your advice last time! If only I could see him again next year!,比较if only与only if only if 表示“只有”；“只要”。才I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.,4. as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反 一般过去时(bewere) ； 与过去事实相反 过去完成时(
14、had done)； 表示将来的可能性不大 would (might, could, should)+动词原形：,I love you as if _(你是我姐妹),you were my sister.,They talked as if_ (以前见过面),they had met each other before,They are happy as if _ (他们要去月球了),they would go to moon,When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.,A. breaks B. has b
15、roken C. were broken D. had been broken,The actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _ a young man.,A. is B. will be C. am D. were,The clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it _rain.,A. is going to B. was going to C. would D. were,总结：,wish If only +句子As if,与现在相反: did (be用were),与过去相
16、反: had done,与将来相反: would / could / might do,在would rather后的宾语从句中,3,would rather + do something(宁愿做某事),would rather+ 句子(虚拟),过去完成时,对过去虚拟,一般过去时,对现在虚拟,一般过去时,对将来虚拟,从句,I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend.,虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的用法：,for fear that/in
17、 case that+从句：从句用should+V, 译为“以防，万一”,lest+从句：从句用 should+V, 译为“以防万一”,Keep quiet in case you（should）interrupt him whenhe is busy,She is now studying for fear that she（should）fail in English,You must wake him early lest he（should）be late for school,4,虚拟语气用于状语从句中,2,Its (high) time that.句型 早就该,It is (high, about) time that,一般过去时,should + 动词原形,此处的should一般不省略,Its high time that classes were over.Its time that you should collect your daughterfrom the school.,虚拟语气用于定语从句中,Thank you for your attention,THE,END,Bye,
