1、FTP 是英文 File Transfer Protocol(文件传输协议) 的缩写。顾名思义， FTP 就是专门用来传输文件的协议，也就是说通过 FTP 我们可以在 Internet 网上的任意两台计算机间互传文件。 什么是 FTP 呢？FTP 是 TCP/IP 协议组中的协议之一，是英文 File Transfer Protocol 的缩写。该协议是 Internet 文件传送的基础，它由一系列规格说明文档组成，目标是提高文件的共享性，提供非直接使用远程计算机，使存储介质对用户透明和可靠高效地传送数据。简单的说，FTP 就是完成两台计算机之间的拷贝，从远程计算机拷贝文件至自己的计算机上，称
2、之为“下载（download ）”文件。若将文件从自己计算机中拷贝至远程计算机上，则称之为“ 上载（ upload）”文件。在 TCP/IP 协议中，FTP 标准命令 TCP 端口号为 21，Port 方式数据端口为20。FTP 协议的任务是从一台计算机将文件传送到另一台计算机，它与这两台计算机所处的位置、联接的方式、甚至是是否使用相同的操作系统无关。假设两台计算机通过 ftp 协议对话，并且能访问 Internet， 你可以用 ftp 命令来传输文件。每种操作系统使用上有某一些细微差别，但是每种协议基本的命令结构是相同的。 FTP 的传输有两种方式： ASCII 传输模式和二进制数据传输模式
3、。 1ASCII 传输方式：假定用户正在拷贝的文件包含的简单 ASCII 码文本，如果在远程机器上运行的不是UNIX，当文件传输时 ftp 通常会自动地调整文件的内容以便于把文件解释成另外那台计算机存储文本文件的格式。 但是常常有这样的情况，用户正在传输的文件包含的不是文本文件，它们可能是程序，数据库，字处理文件或者压缩文件（尽管字处理文件包含的大部分是文本，其中也包含有指示页尺寸，字库等信息的非打印字符）。在拷贝任何非文本文件之前，用 binary 命令告诉 ftp 逐字拷贝，不要对这些文件进行处理，这也是下面要讲的二进制传输。 2二进制传输模式：在二进制传输中，保存文件的位序，以便原始和拷
4、贝的是逐位一一对应的。即使目的地机器上包含位序列的文件是没意义的。例如，macintosh 以二进制方式传送可执行文件到 Windows 系统，在对方系统上，此文件不能执行。 如果你在 ASCII 方式下传输二进制文件，即使不需要也仍会转译。这会使传输稍微变慢 ，也会损坏数据，使文件变得不能用。（在大多数计算机上，ASCII 方式一般假设每一字符的第一有效位无意义，因为ASCII 字符组合不使用它。如果你传输二进制文件，所有的位都是重要的。）如果你知道这两台机器是同样的，则二进制方式对文本文件和数据文件都是有效的。教育业常用词汇教育业常用词汇-行政学校改制 institution status
5、 change一般型计画 general project一般教育补助 general educational subsidy人力资本 human capital人口基本资料库 demographic database人才培育 human resource development入学考试 entrance examination入学资格 admission requirement十二年国民义务教育 twelve-year compulsory education大专校院 institutes of higher education大学分部 branch campus大学法 University
6、Law大学评鉴 university evaluation工作小组 task-force工作坊 workshop工作执行小组 executing group工读 part time job for study中小学 elementary and secondary school中长程校务发展计画 middle and long range school development plan中华文化奖学金 Chinese Culture Scholarship内部评鉴 internal evaluation公费待遇 government sponsorship公费留学考试公费留考the examin
7、ation of government sponsorship for overseas study公费留学奖学金 the scholarship of government sponsorship for overseas study公费奖学金 government sponsorship scholarship分发 admission by placement升等 promotion升学考试优待 the affirmative action of entrance examination文教交流 culture and education exchange牙医学系 department o
8、f dentistry主管教育行政机关 education administration authority代表著作 representative writings外国学生 foreign student外部评鉴 external evaluation外籍英语教师 foreign English teacher外籍配偶子女教育 program for children with foreign parent外籍学生 foreign student失学离校 quit of schooling幼托整合 integrating kindergartens and nursery schools幼儿教
9、育 early childhood education幼稚园 kindergarten正规学制时间 the time of formal school system民族教育权 indigenous educational right民族学院 tribal college民间非营利文教团体 nonprofit of organization of culture and education民间团体 non-governmental organizationNGO申诉 grievance申请入学 admission by application白皮书 White Paper休学 suspensio
10、n of schooling任教未中断证明 teaching continuity document全民英语能力分级检定测验 General English Proficiency Test全国教师会 national teachers association同等学力 an equivalent education level各级政府教育经费应分担数额 share of educational expenditure among governments各国学制 school system of different countries名誉博士；荣誉博士 honorary doctorate合格师
11、资 certify teacher地方教育发展基金 regional education development found地方教育审议委员会直辖市及县市Local Education Committee地方教师会 local teachers association在职专班 in-service education program在职进修 in-service training多元入学方案 multiple entrance program多元文化 multiculture安全守则 safety rules安全校园空间 secure campus space年资起计 beginning se
12、niority date成绩考查 performance evaluation成绩考核 performance evaluation成绩单 transcript成绩优异提前毕业 early graduation base on academic excellence扣减奖补助款 subsidy deduction老人教育 education for the elderly考招分离 the separation of examination and enrollment system考试分发入学 admission via examination and placement考试委员会 exami
13、ning committee自我评鉴 self-evaluation自愿性退学 voluntary withdrawal from school自筹经费 self-help fundraising行政院教育经费基准委员会 Educational Funding Committee, Executive Yuan行政业务电脑化 computerization of administration住宿生 boarder助教 teaching assistant助理教授 assistant professor助学金 grant完全中学 six-year high school技专校院 vocation
14、al and technological college and university技术研发 technology research and development = R integrating with local community社区学院 community college社教工作站 workstation of social education社会教育 social education社会艺术教育 art education for general public初审 first review初检 first stage certification非正规教育 informal edu
15、cation非正规学制时间 non-school days保防教育 public security education保留入学资格 retainment of student status后期中等教育 upper secondary education指定科目考试 assigned-subject test指导委员会 advisory committee查证程序 verification procedure研究生学位考试 final oral examination graduate degree; viva 英研讨会大型conference研讨会小型seminar研习会 workshop科技
16、大学 university of technology科学教育 science education计画专案 project降低国民中小学班级学生人数 decreasing of class size个人申请 individual application修业 study修业时间 study period修业期限 study period修业期限 study period修业期满 completion study period修学旅行 travel for study修读 taking courses兼任教师 part-time teacher原住民中小学 elementary and secon
17、dary school of aboriginal原住民民族教育 aboriginal education原住民民族教育资源教室 resources classroom for aboriginal education原住民民族教育审议委员会 committee for aboriginal education原住民地区学校 schools of aboriginal areas原住民推广教育机构 institute for promoting aboriginal education原住民教育法 Aboriginal Education Law原住民教育班 aboriginal educat
18、ion class原住民聚居地区 aboriginal inhabited area员额 staff number家长参与教育事务 parental right for school involvement家长参与学校事务权利 right for parents involvement in schools差别待遇 discrimination treatment师资培育 teacher education师资培育法 Teacher Education Law师资培育审议委员会 The Advisory Committee of Teacher Education校外实习 off-campus
19、 internship校长学院 National College for School Leadership英校长联席会议 convention of school principals校务行政化 electronic-based school administration校务发展基金 school development fund校务评鉴 school evaluation校务会议 university assembly校园因天然灾害受损复建补助事项 subsidy for school rehabilitation due to natural disaster校园设施整建 school
20、facility remodel; school facility refurbishment 英校园设备；学校设备 school equipment校园环境设施 school-environmental facilities校际合作交流 cooperation and exchange programs between schools校际选课 inter-collegiate course taking校护 school nurses海外台北学校 overseas Taipei school海外研修 overseas training海外留学 overseas study海外教育服务 ove
21、rseas education service海外游学 overseas study tour海外联合招生 joint overseas recruitment特定教育补助 specific educational subsidy留游学服务业 overseas study and study tour service留职停薪 temporary leave without salary训辅工作 school discipline and guidance训导工作school discipline追踪访视 follow-up inspection追踪评鉴 follow-up evaluation
22、高中职 general and vocational high school高中职社区化 high school integrating with local community高级中学高中senior high school; high school高级职业学校高职vocational high school副教授 associate professor副学士 associate bachelor勒令退学 expulsion参考名册 reference list参考名册 reference list参考著作 reference writings国外大学 overseas university
23、国民中小学 elementary and junior high school国民中学国中junior high school国民教育法 Compulsory Education Law 国家讲座 national chair professorship; national chair professors国语文研习 Chinese language study国际合作 international cooperation国际研究生学程 program of international graduate student国际学术合作 international academic cooperati
24、on国际竞争力 international competitiveness基本学力测验 The Basic Academic Competence Test执行成效 work effectiveness妇女教育 women education专任教师 full-time teacher专门著作 academic work专科学校 junior college专科学校法 Junior College Law专案督导小组 project supervision group专业自主权 professional autonomy接受教育机会平等 equal opportunity for educat
25、ion授课时数 teaching hours采认 recognition教孝月 month of filial piety education教育中立原则 educational neutralism教育行政化 computer-based educational administration教育行政入口网 educational administration portal site教育改革 educational reform教育改革推动委员会 Education Reform Council教育决策支援系统 decision-making support system for educat
26、ion教育事务 educational affairs教育促进方案 education promoting program教育品质指标 indicator of educational quality教育政策白皮书 white paper on educational policy教育基本法 Education Basic Law教育部公费生 state financed student教育经费 education budget教育经费分配审议委员会 Educational Grants Committee, Ministry of Education教育经费计算基准 educational
27、funding formula教育经费基本需求 basic needs for educational expenditure教育实验 educational experimentation教育管理资讯系统 educational management information system教育学程 teacher education program 教育优先区计画 educational priority areas project教师工会 teachers union教师申诉 teacher grievances教师申诉评议委员会 committee of teacher grievance
28、s教师专业自主权 autonomy of teaching profession教师专业评鉴 evaluation of teaching profession教师组织 teachers organization教师评审委员会 teacher evaluation committee教师会 teachers association教师聘约 teachers contract教师资格审查履历表 teacher qualification resume教师证书 teacher certificate教授 professor教学设备经费 instruction equipment budget; t
29、he budget for instruction equipment教学辅导教师 mentor teacher清寒学生 students under poverty line产学合作 collaboration between industry and school毕业条件 graduation requirement毕业应修学分数 credits requirement for graduation统一入学测验中心 joint-entrance examination center组织再造 organization restructuring终身教育 lifelong education规
30、划委员会 planning committee访问学者交换计划 visiting scholar exchange program访视 visiting设备标准 the standard of school equipment径行修读 directly to advanced study创造力国度 Republic of Creativity = ROC创造力教育白皮书 White Paper on Creative Education博士 Doctor博士学位 候选人 Doctoral candidate博士学位 Doctor degree媒体素养教育 media literacy educ
31、ation就学贷款 student loan暑期修课 taking summer courses渡假打工计划 tour and part-time work program减班 class reduction登记分发入学 admission by registration and placement发展指标 development indicators童军教育 scout education结业 completion of schooling华裔学生 overseas Chinese students华侨学校 school of overseas Chinese华语文测验 Chinese Pr
32、oficiency Test著作审查 review of academic work评鉴公告 evaluation bulletin评鉴成果 evaluation outcome评鉴标准 evaluation standard criteria超支钟点费 overtime pay进修教育 further education进修学士班 the bachelor program of extension education督导考核 supervision and assessment经费分配 budget allocation经费补助 budget subsidy经费奖助 budget rewar
33、ds聘任 recruitment肄业 school noncompletion补习教育 supplementary education资格检定 certification资源中心 resource center 资源教室 resource classroom游学团 overseas study group预审 preliminary review侨民教育 overseas Chinese education侨生 overseas Chinese students侨生及外籍生辅导室 counseling and guidance center for overseas Chinese and f
34、oreign students侨生急难救助 emergency assistance for overseas Chinese students侨生校外工作证 the work permit of overseas Chinese students侨教政策 policy of overseas Chinese education侨教团体 organization of overseas Chinese education实习教师 intern实验高级中学 experimental high school实验教育 experimental program of education甄试 scree
35、ning test甄审 screening and review甄选入学 admission by recommendation and screening硕士 Master硕士班研究生 Master student硕士学位 Master degree管制考核 control and evaluation综合高中 comprehensive high school网路环境整备 internet environment equipment readiness蒙藏语甄试 test of Mongolian and Tibetan language语言能力证明 language ability ce
36、rtificate 认可名册 approval list说明会 illustration meeting辅系 minor审定 accreditation审查意见表 review list审议委员会 advisory committee庆典补助 subsidy for festival数位差距; 数位落差 digital divide楼地板面积 total floor area欧洲艺术文凭 European art diploma奖助学金 scholarship and grants复评 re-evaluation复审 second review复检 second stage certifica
37、tion课外活动 extracurriculum activity课桌椅规格 specifications of desks and chairs学力鉴定 appraisal of academic achievement学士 Bachelor学士后教育学分班 postgraduate teacher education program学分 credit学分抵免 credits waiver and transference学生申诉 student grievances学生自治团体 student self-government group学生受教权 students right of education学生社团 students organization学生单位成本 per-pupil cost学生学习权 students right of learning学年学分 session credit学年学分制 credit-based system学位审查 degree review学位证书 degree certificate; diploma学季 quarter学门评鉴 discipline evaluation学则 school regulation
