1、材 料aluminum 铝austenitic stainless steel 奥氏体不锈钢babbit 巴氏合金borazon(=boron nitride) 氮化硼brass 黄铜bronze 青铜carbide 硬质合金carburizing steel 渗碳钢CBN(cubic boron nitride) 立方氮化硼ceramic 陶瓷的chrome molybdenum steel 铬钼钢composite material 复合材料ferritic stainless steel 铁素体不锈钢ferrous material 黑色金属hard alloy 硬质合金high car
2、bon steel 高碳钢high speed steel 高速钢malleable cast iron 可锻铸铁manganese steel 锰钢nitriding steel(=nitrided steel)氮化钢（渗碳钢）non-ferrous material 有色金属organic material 有机化合物sintered alloy 金属陶瓷合金stainless chromium steel 不锈铬钢stainless steel 不锈钢tungalloy 钨合金tungsten 钨white cast iron 白口铸铁工 具adjustable(English/monk
3、ey) 活动扳手allen key 内六角扳手allen wrench 内六角扳手box spanner(wrench) 梅花扳手die handle(wrench) 丝攻扳手diestock 扳牙扳手double-head box-wrench 双头梅花扳手double-head wrench 双头开口扳手hex wrench 六角扳手hook spanner 钩头扳手open end wrench 开口扳手socket wrench 套筒扳手spanner(wrench) 活动扳手tap wrench 丝锥扳手torque indicating 扭力显示扳手wrench opening 扳
4、手口cross-bladed screwdriver 十字起子flat-bladed screwdriver 一字起子flat screw 平头改锥螺丝刀phillips screw 十字螺丝刀turn screw 螺丝起子benchwork 钳工cutting pliers (nippers) 克丝钳long-noes pliers 尖嘴钳hand vice 手虎钳parallel-jaw vice 平口虎（台）钳vice bench 钳工台、虎钳台vice/vise 虎钳dead-smooth file 油光锉round file 圆锉smooth file 细锉square file 方
5、锉flat file 扁锉half-round file 半圆锉three-square file/triangular file 三角锉dividing head 分度头honing stone 油石drill chuck 钻夹头drill jig/jig bush(ing) 钻套emery paper 砂纸hammer 榔头hand hammer 手锤hand saw 手锯chisel 凿子copper hammer 铜锤Morse taper shank 莫氏锥柄puller 拔出器bearing extractor/puller 轴承拔出器punch 洋冲quill 顶尖套rotati
6、ng center/live center 活顶尖steel tape 钢卷尺index change gears 分度挂轮index plate 分度盘lathe center 顶尖threading die 扳牙three jaw chuck 三爪卡盘chuck 卡盘clearance gauge(=gage)/feeler gauge塞规depth gauge 深度尺dial indicator(gauge) 千分表feeler gauge 塞尺profile gauge /template 样板flat plate/plate 平板gauge block 块规micrometer 千分
7、尺micrometer caliper 千分尺slide gauge/vernier caliper 游标卡尺datum surface 基准平板locating pin/dowel pin /alignment 定位销mandrel/arbor 芯轴ammeter 安培表multimeter 万用表ohmmeter 欧姆表voltmeter 伏特表round shankstraight shankcylindric(al) shank 圆柱柄标准件angular ball bearing 向心球轴承angular-contact ball bearing向心推力球轴承ball bearing
8、 滚珠轴承ball thrust bearing 推力球轴承combined thrust and radial bearing 径向推力轴承needle bearing 滚针轴承plain roller bearing 圆柱滚子轴承radial and thrust bearing 向心推力轴承radial bearing 向心轴承self-aligning bearing 自动调心轴承tapered roller bearing 圆锥滚子轴承thrust bearings 止推轴承bolt 螺栓CSK. Screw = countersink screw 沉头螺栓hex bolt 六角螺栓
9、lifting bolt 吊环螺栓SOC. Head cap SCR.= socket head cap screw 内六角螺栓socket bolt 内六角螺栓stud foundation bolt 地脚螺栓cheese-head screw /cap screw 圆头螺钉countersink screw 埋头螺钉countersunkhead screw 沉头螺钉eyebolt 吊环螺钉hex head screw 六角螺钉hexagon screw 六角螺钉hexagon-socket head screw 内六角头螺钉hex-socket head screw 内六角螺钉lock
10、screw 锁紧螺钉roundhead screw 半圆头螺钉screw 螺circular nut 圆螺母HEX. Nut = hexagon nut 六角螺母hold nut 固定螺帽lock nut 锁紧螺母spacer 垫片washer 垫圈cotter pin 开口销crankpin 曲柄销dimand loc. pin 菱形销dowel pin 圆柱销dowels 定位销flush pin 埋头销loc. 定位销pin 销split pin 开口销taper pin 圆锥销tangential key 切向键woodruff key 半圆键hex 六角lifting ring 吊环
11、retaining ring 挡圈screw locking element 锁紧垫圈机械加工bent tool 弯头车刀form tool 成形车刀offset tool 偏头车刀recessing tool 切槽车刀single-point threading tool 螺纹车刀turning tool 外圆车刀core drill 扩孔钻counterbore 沉孔锪孔钻countersink drill 埋头钻flat drill 扁钻fluted twist drill 麻花钻twist drill 麻花钻shanktype core drill 带柄扩孔钻solid drill 整
12、体钻spade drill 扁平钻spotting drill 中心钻dovetail cutter 燕尾铣刀endmill 立铣刀inserted-blade milling cutter 镶片铣刀key-seat milling cutter 键槽铣刀side milling cutter 三面刃圆铣刀t-slot milling cutter T型铣刀expansion hand reamer 可调式手铰刀hand reamer 手铰刀reamer 铰刀knurl 滚花knurling tool 滚花刀lapping 研磨scraper 刮刀three square scraper 三角
13、刮刀tap & die 丝攻hard carbide tool 硬质合金刀具allowance for machining 加工余量blind hole 盲孔brittleness 易碎chamfer/fillet 倒角counterbore c/bore 沉孔counterbored hole 沉孔counterboring 沉孔锪孔cutting force 切削力depth of cut 切削深度drilling 钻ream 铰lapping compound 研磨剂major flank 主后（刀）面minor flank 副后（刀）面negative rake 负前角chisel e
14、dge 横刃non-corrosive 耐腐蚀eccentric 偏心chip room(space)excellent wear resistancefragibilityfragilenesshigh metal-removal ratesregrindableresharpenable机械传动boring 镗床broaching 拉床centreless grinding 无心磨床chucker 六角车床drilling 钻床grinding 磨床lathe 车床milling 铣床puncher 冲床BSP 管螺纹double-start thread 双头螺纹fine(pitch)
15、thread 细牙螺纹inch-system thread 英制螺纹inside diameter 内径internal thread 内螺纹lead of thread 导程lead screw 丝杆Leveling screw 校平螺旋major diameter of thread 螺纹大径pitch diameter of thread 螺纹中径minor diameter of thread 螺纹小径metrie thread 公制螺纹pipe thread 管螺纹tapered screw thread 锥螺纹thread profile 牙形threads 螺纹arbor (主、
16、心、柄)轴axis 轴线base plate 底座belt pulley 皮带轮bevel gear 锥齿轮blank 毛坯bore 孔bracket 托架burr 毛刺bushing plate 钻模板c/sk 锥孔CCW = counter clock wise 逆时针center-to-center 中心距spacingchange speed 变速chip chute 铁屑槽CM=corrective maintance 设备保养cone drive 锥轮console 控制台、操作台cooperation part 外协件core shift 偏心coupling 联轴器CW 顺时针
17、derusting 除锈det. = detail 零件deviation from centre 偏心距dim=dimension 尺寸dimple 凹坑distributor 分配器drive 主动driven 从动eccentric clamp 偏心夹紧机构element 部件、构件end 轴向，端finish 精加工flange 法兰friction 摩擦gear train 齿轮系general overhavl 大修gib 镶条、塞铁grease 润滑脂headstock 床头箱hole spacing 孔距honing 珩磨horizontal 卧式impact 冲击joint
18、face 结合面keyway 键槽knob 旋钮laterally 横向、从侧面lever 杠杆lithium-based grease 锂基润滑脂longitudinal 轴向的master 主（总）控制mating 联接的、配合的micron 微米mount 安装mounting 安装、装配mounting flange 安装法兰muffler 消音器multi-tool 多刀multi-wheel 多砂轮nipple 螺纹接头nominal size 标称尺寸notches 槽nut 拧O.L. = overall length 总长orifice 小孔overall dimension
19、 外形尺寸overtravel 超（越）程P/F = power/freepad 垫片part-section drawing 局部剖视图pinion 小齿轮pitch 间距planer switchplanetary gears mech 行星齿轮啮合pulley 皮带轮rack 齿条reject rate 废品率retainer 保持架rib 加强筋riffling 链条rivet 铆接rocker 摇臂runner 螺帽runt 跳动schematically 示意图score 划痕scrap / waste 报废scrap view 局部视图self-centeringsemi-fin
20、ish 半精加工shiny 磨损silencer 消音器spindle 主轴spline 有花键的sprockets 正时皮带轮stock 备料、毛坯stop 挡块subplate 底板support plunger 支撑柱taper 锥形tappet 挺杆tilt 翻转transfer 组合、自动线transmission box 变速箱trench 沟槽unit 单元、装置、机构upset metal/fin 飞边waste product/reject/waster废品wear adjustment 微调wear out / wear 磨损wearability 耐磨性wearresis
21、tant 耐磨的wedge 斜铁wiper 刮屑板work stop 工作挡块workpiece 工件公差与配合accuracy of form 形状精度accuracy of surface position 位置精度form deviation 形状误差form tolerance 形状公差allowable variation 允差composite error 综合误差cumulative error 积累误差measurement accuracy 测量精度measuring basis 测量基准measuring error 测量误差interchangeability 互换性ma
22、tch /fit 配合clearance fit 间隙配合transition fit 过渡配合interference fit/tight fit 过盈配合camming action 端跳radial runout 径跳total runout 全跳动surface plate 基准平面tolerance range 公差范围tolerance zone 公差带coaxiality 同轴度coaxiality concentricity 同轴度coaxiality tolerance 同轴度公差cylindricity 圆柱度cylindricity tolerance 圆柱度公差nonc
23、ylindricity 圆柱度误差flatness 平面度flatness tolerance 平面度公差nonflatness 平面度误差inclination 倾斜度inclination deviation 倾斜度误差inclination tolerance 倾斜度公差out-of-roundness 圆度误差parallelism tolerance 平行度公差nonparallelism 平形度误差perpendicularity/squareness 垂直度roundness 圆度roundness/circularity 圆度straightness 直线度straightne
24、ss tolerance 直线度公差nonstraightness 直线度误差symmetry 对称度symmetry tolerance 对称度公差nonsymmetry 对称度误差eccentricity热处理Brinell hardness 布氏硬度Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度Vickers hardness 维氏硬度anneal 退火annealing 退火artificial aging 人工时效carburizaton cementation 渗碳constant temperature 恒温cyanide 氰化high red-hardness 红硬性induct
25、ion hardening 高频淬火natural aging 自然时效nitrid hardening 氮化quench 淬火quench hardening 淬硬tempering 回火液压flow control 截流阀flow control valve 调速阀overflow valve 溢流阀restrictor 截流阀reversing valve 转换阀solenoids 电磁阀spill valve 溢流阀stopcock 龙头、螺旋阀air bleed 通气孔blade 叶片breather 通气孔bypass 旁通choke coil 节流管crane 龙头dosing
26、nipple 计量管接头drip stand 集油盘ejector 顶出油缸elbow 弯管接头feeder 加油器filter gauze 滤网hand pump 手压泵hose 软管jack cylinder 动力油缸manifold 管道oil collecting tray 集油盘oil drain 放油嘴oil drain plug 油塞oil feed 进油嘴one- way 单作用P.O. = pilot operated 液控piston 活塞pump flow 泵的流量reservoir 油箱rotac(t) = rotary actuator 旋转激励器SCAV = sca
27、venge 回油screen 滤网seal ring 密封圈sealing gasket 密封衬垫settling tank 沉淀池spyots 管接头stop cock 管塞valve 阀viscosity 粘度汽车ABS = antilock brake system 防抱死系统cab 化油器cup plugs 碗形塞FIAT = Fabbrica Italiana Automobile Torino菲亚特flow guide 导流板steeples speed variation 无级变速universal coupling 万向联轴节电 气alternating current 交流电
28、analog to digit A/D 模/数armature 转子synchronization 同步asynchronous 异步asynchronous motor 异步电动机battery socket 电源插座blown （保险丝）烧断breaker 断路器direct current 直流电dog 撞块feedback 反馈fuse 保险丝real power 有功功率rectifier 整流器regulated(stabilized)power supply 稳压电源synchronous motor 同步电动机transformer 变压器trunk relay 中间继电器us
29、eful horsepower 有效功率duration 持续时间，工作时间LED = light emitting diode 发光二极管amber 淡黄色的thumbwheel 拨码开关simultanously 同时external 外部的blink 闪烁术语fatigue 疲劳fatigue fracture 疲劳裂纹stress-strain diagram 应力-应变图stress concentration 集中应力其它access 进入accordingly 相应的adjacent 相邻的 align 调整amber 淡黄色的annunciator 信号装置approx. =
30、approximate 大约cabinet 柜、箱characteristics 特性convenient 方便CRM=counting rate meter 计数表cubic 立方de-energizing 重复通电deenergize 断开depict 绘画divulgedduplicate 加倍duplicate palm 同时按下eliminates 需要energize 通电equivalent 相同的、等效的erratic 不稳定的evenly 均匀externally 外部、外面、附带的facilitate 便于feather 特点、特色feature 特点finger 输送抓手
31、flexible 易（可）弯的flush 冲洗GA=general arrangementgallon 加仑gauge 测量gauge isolator 测量仪I.D.= inside diameter 内径identical 相同的index 标志、指示、分度头indicatingindication 读数initiate 开始、起始isolatorjam 挤紧、塞住miscellaneous 各式各样的loan 借出物、贷款obstructions 障碍、阻碍off the shelf 流行的、现用的opp. Hand 对侧optional 不是必需的、附加的piror （在）先的、预先的
32、palm 掌心pliable 柔软的deceleration 减速plunger 铁心preliminary 初步的、预先的probe 探测recomended 推荐regulator 调节器relief 下降remedy 修理、补救retain 保留retract 缩进（回）reverse 相反rugged 坚固self contained 自备sequential 连续shop order 工作单shrink 收缩significant 有效的simplified 简化simultaneous 同时skid rail 滑道slot 狭孔smpact 紧凑sound enclosure 声音
33、屏蔽spec. = specificationsymptom 迹象temp. = temperature 温度test station 测点two-way 双作用universal 通用的utilize 利用、应用vessel 容器virtually 实际上、本质上volumetric 容积weld 焊接zone 区域、范围shielded metal arc welding 手工电弧焊maintainer 维修工attendant 维修人员maintenance manual 维修手册oil buffer 油压减震器remote 遥控的、远程的malfunction 故障interval 间隔designate 标明、指定execute 执行enclosure 外壳status 状况、状态、地位register 存储troubleshoot 寻找故障legend 图例、说明、铭文option 挑选elapse 过去、经过signicantly 大大地exceed 大于allotted 规定的alternately 交替的consumption 消耗
