1、被动语态（Passive Voice） 【语态】(Voice)（主动语态和被动语态） 1、语态的分类： （1）主动语态：动作的执行者作主语。（2）被动语态：动作的承受者作主语。2、被动语态的动词特征：助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词(简称：be+p.p.),变否疑，直接使用（具体见下面） 。3、被动语态的时态：（1）一般现在时的被动语态： is/am/are + p.p. 否定：isnt/am not/arent +p.p.（2）一般过去时的被动语态： was/were + p.p. 否定：wasnt/werent + p.p.（3）一般将来时的被动语态： will+ be + p.p. 否定
2、：wont be +p.p.（4）情态动词的被动语态： must/can/may+ be + p.p.否定： mustnt/cant/may not + be +p.p.（说明：以上 4 种为必须要掌握的形式，以下 4 种为了解的形式。 ）（5）现在完成时的被动语态： have/has + been + p.p.否定： havent/hasnt +been+ p.p.（6）现在进行时的被动语态： is/am/are + being + p.p.否定： isnt/am not/arent + being + p.p.（7）过去完成时的被动语态； had + been + p.p.否定：hadnt
3、 + been + p.p.（8）过去将来时的被动语态： would + be + p.p.否定：wouldnt + be + p.p.e.g (1) The exercise must_(finish) today.(2) Football _(play) in the world.(3) My wallet_(steal) yesterday.(4) The bridge _(build)now.(5) The story_(read) by me for three weeks.Keys(参考答案 ):(1) be finished (2) is played (3) was stole
4、n (4) is being built (5) has been read4、被动语态的变化步骤：(1)划分主语、谓语和宾语 (2)将主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语(3)将主动语态的动词变成 be+p.p.形式（要保持原来的时态形式）(注意动词的时态形式和主语的单数和复数形式)(4)将主动语态的主语变成“by+宾格”结构（可以省略） e.g. (1) People named the two pandas “Tuantuan” and “Yuanyuan”.(2) We will finish the work in two days.(3) We must protect forests
5、.(4) I have kept the dog for two years.*(5)Did the dog eat the meat?*(6)Who has take the books away?Keys(参考答案 ):(1) The two pandas were named “Tuantuan” and “Yuanyuan” (by people).(2) The work will be finished (by us) in two days.(3) Forests must be protected (by us).(4) The dog has been kept (by me
6、) for two days.(5) Was the meat eaten by the dog?(6) Who(m) have the books been taken away by?5、不用被动语态动词：（1）have 有（2）look,sound,smell,taste 等连系动词（3）take place /happen（4）get to/arrive(at/in)/reach 到达（5）rise 升起,上升（6）ring(铃响)（7）begin/start 开始（8）lie 躺，说The book sells well.(这本卖得好 )The meat cooks well.（8）
7、return(回来，回归 不用被动，归还 可用被动语态)（9）leave(离开不用被动语态，留下/遗忘可用被动语态)e.g. (1)The idea _(sound) great. Lets go together.(2)The story _(happen) in USA ten years ago.(3)The Olympics_(take place) in Beijing in 2008.(4)The kind of bicycle_(sell) well.Keys(参考答案 ):(1)sounds (2)happened (3)took place (4)sells6、常用被动语态：
8、（1）be located in (2)be covered with (3)be called（4）be made of(in/from) (5)be made up of (6)be set for 被拨在（7）be told 被高知(tell 后没人) (8)be asked to do sth (9)be invited to do sth（10）be dressed up as (11)be cut down (12)be eaten up（13）be knocked over (14)be thrown away (15)be written in （16）be welcomed
9、by(17)be used for doing sth/to do sthe.g. (1)The streets _(cover) with snow because it_(snow) heavily last night.(2)We_(tell) to come to school yesterday.(3)Many friends _(invite) to my birthday part because it is my birthday tomorrow.Keys(参考答案 ):(1)was covered, snowed (2) were told (3) were invited
10、7、动词不定式的省 to 形式的被动语态：（变被动时，要还原 to）make sb do sthbe made to do sth）see sb do sth/watch sb do sth/hear sb do sth/notice sb do sthe.g. (1) Floods made people leave their home.(被动语态)(2) Teachers made us_in the classroom, so we were made _our homework.A. stay, do B.to stay, do C.to stay, to do D.stay, to
11、 doKeys(参考答案 ):(1)People were made to leave their home (by floods).(2) D8、动词后面跟双宾语：( 人在物前不用介词，物在人前要用介词 to 或 for) 只需将其中的一个宾语（要么人，要么物）变成被动语态的主语 注意:make/buy/draw 常与 for 连用 e.g. make sth for sb/buy sth for sbe.g. (1)Uncle Li gave us a big dinner yesterday.We _ _ a big dinner _ Uncle Li yesterday.A big d
12、inner_ _ _us _Uncle Li yesterday.(2)Dad will buy me a present.I _ _ _ a present _ Dad.A present _ _ _ _ me _ Dad.Keys(参考答案 ):were given, by ; was given to, bywill be bought, by ; will be bought for, by9、 “动词+副词”或“ 动词+介词“结构 在变成被动语态后，介词或副词不能漏掉e.g. (1)We must look after our eyes.(2)How did you deal wit
13、h the dog?Keys(参考答案 ):Our eyes must be looked after by us.How was the dog dealt with by you?10、同步练习I. 选择最佳答案:( ) 1 English _ in Britain.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( ) 2 This popular song _ by us after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 3 T
14、his kind of bike _ in Germany.A. makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 4 New computers _ in our school.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( ) 5 Our flat must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 6 -Id like to buy that coat. -Im sorry. _.A. It sold B. Its selling C.
15、Its been sold D. It had been sold( ) 7 A new hospital _ at the corner of the street.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 8 The key _ on the sofa when I left.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 9 Doctors _ all over the world.A. need B. are needing C.
16、 are needed D. will need( ) 10 His new book_ next year.A. will be published B. is publishingC. is being published D. has been published( ) 11 French _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 12 These papers _ yet.A. have not written B. have not been writt
17、enC. has not written D. has not been written( ) 13. The sports meeting _ be held until next week.A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt( ) 14. The thief was seen _ away.A. run B. to run C. ran D. runs( ) 15. The two panda were taken to Taiwan _ us.A. for B. in C. to D. by( ) 16. The book _.A. sells good
18、 B. sells well C. is sold good D. is sold well( ) 17. The broken bike_ here by Old Wang.A. can repair B. can be repaired C. can be repairing D. can repairing( ) 18. The jar _ for _ hot water.A. used; keeping B. was used; keepingC. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( ) 19. Cotton _ in the southeast o
19、f China.A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( ) 20. The bridges_ a few years ago.A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( ) 21.These babies _in the hospital.A. are taken good care B. are taken good care ofC. take good care of D. take good care( ) 22. These bridges _stone.A. are ma
20、de of B. made of C. are made into D. made into( ) 23. The bicycle _ me 377 yuan.A. was cost B. has cost C. cost D. is cost( ) 24. Great changes_ in the past 16 years in Shanghai.A. took place B. have taken placeC. were taking place D. had taken place( ) 25. These books_ by the writer in the 1980s.A.
21、 are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writingKeys(参考答案 ):1、D 2、D 3、D 4、C 5、B 6、C 7、B 8、A 9、C 10、A11、A 12、B 13、B 14、B 15、D 16、A 17、B 18、B 19、B 20、C21、B 22、A 23、C 24、B 25、BII用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空。1_this kind of car _(produce) in Shanghai?2The shop _(close) at this time of day.3Some children _(
22、take ) good care by the nurse.4Some new houses _(build) by the villagers themselves.5What language _(speak) in Canada?6The colour TV _(buy) in that shop three days ago.7The doctor said Jim must _(operate ) on at once.8-“_the bridge _(repair) yet?” -“Yes. ”9We are in Grade One this year, so we _(teac
23、h ) physics next year.10-“Where _(be) you last night?”-“I_(ask) to help Tom at home”11The big tree _(blow)down in the storm last night.12The Great Wall _(know) all over the world.13_the film _(show) many times since last Sunday?14_the street lights usually _(turn) on at seven in summer evening?15Sha
24、nghai Museum _ (locate) in the centre of Shanghai.Keys(参考答案 ):1、Is, produced 2、is closed 3、are taken 4、were built5、is spoken 6、was bought 7、be operated 8、Has,been repaired9、will be taught 10、were;was asked 11、was blown 12、is known 13、Has,been shown 14、Are,turned 15、is locatedIII 按要求改写句子1. Mr. Smith
25、told us some customs of England. （改为被动语态）We _ _ some customs of England.2. Did you grow vegetables? （改为被动语态）_ vegetables _?3. You can keep the book for two weeks. （改为被动语态）The book can_ _ for two weeks.4. Did he repair this desk yesterday? （改为被动语态）_ this desk _ yesterday?5.The recent tsunami killed o
26、ver 140,000 people. （改为被动语态）Over 140,000 people _ _ by the recent tsunami.6. We should take good care of our desks. （改为被动语态）Our desks should _ _ good care of our desks.7. We will hold the meeting this afternoon. （改为被动语态）The meeting will _ _ this afternoon.8.The teacher doesnt teach English in our sc
27、hool. （改为被动语态）English _ _ in our school.8. They saw a UFO flying in the sky. (改为被动语态)A UFO _ _ flying in the sky.9. They sell all kinds of watches in the shop. (改为被动语态)All kinds of watches _ _ in the shop.10. Mr. Smith told us some customs of England. (改为被动语态 )_ _ told some customs of England.People
28、 can turn matter from one state to another. （ 改为被动语态 ）Matter can _ _ from one state to another.The writer gave her a book after talking to her. （ 改为被动语态 ）A book _ _ to her by the writer after he talked to her.Keys(参考答案 ):1、were told 2、were grown 3、be kept 4、Was, repaired5、were killed 6、be taken 7、be held 10、isnt taught11、was seen 12、are sold 13、We were 14、was given
