1、主动语态变被动语态。被动语态的构成：助动词 be+过去分词。 助动词 be 有人称、数、时态的变化，其变人规则与 be 作为系动词变化完全一样。一般现在时态：am/is/are asked 现在进行时态：am/is/are being asked现在完成时态：has /have been asked一般过去时态：was/were asked过去进行时态：was/were being asked过去完成时态：had been asked一般将来时态：shall/will be asked将来完成时态：shall/will have been一般过去将来时：should/would be aske
2、d过去将来完成时：should/would have been asked含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词+be+ 过去分词。二主动语态与被动语态的转换1.主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语。2.主动结构的谓语动语由主动语态变为被动语态结构的谓语动词（be+动词的过去分词） 。，3.主动结构的主语变为介词 by 的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。若动作的执行者无须说明或不必强调时，by组成的短语可省略。4.主动语态变为被动语态时，时态要保持一致。5.含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动结构，变为被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，另一个不动，一般是将主动结构的间接宾语
3、变为被动结构的主语，这样句子显得自然一些。1）主动句 Most people love pop songs.2)Did Johnson write the letter himself?3)When did they finish the work?含有直接宾语和间接宾语时，一般把指人的间接宾语变为主语，指物的直接宾语保留不动，常见的能接双宾语的词有：give, show, bring, lend, send 等这此词与 to 搭配。还有buy, make, draw 这些词与介词 for 搭配。We gave them some books.含有宾语补足语的句子，宾语变为主语后，宾语补足语改
4、为主语补足语，原来的位置一般不变。但如果宾语补足语是不带 to 的动词不定式，句子变成被动语态后则要加 to。以便将两个动词隔开。1. We keep food cold in the fridge.2.Every day the tiger made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat.短语动词的被动语态短语动词在主动结构中有一个不可分割的词组，在被动结构中也是如此，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。The nurse takes good care of the children.针对性练习1. They write the
5、business letters in English.2. Does he often mend his car?3. Did you build a new house last year?4. My sister didnt buy a new TV set last week.5. Must I pay for it at once?6. Old people must _politely.A. speak to B. be spoken at C. be spoken to D. be speaking to7. How long may this book _?A.be keepi
6、ng B. kept C. be kept D.is kept8.Mary _to go to the teachers office just now. A. tells B. told C. is telling D. was told 9. The sun _at night as usual.A. can be seen B. cant be seenC. cant see D. doesnt see10. Our classroom _every day.A. cleans B. be cleaned C. cleanedD. is cleaned虚拟语气一动词的语气：语气是动词一种
7、形式，表示说话人对说话内容的看法和态度，英语的语气分为三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气二虚拟语气：表示说话人认为所说的话是和事实相反的内容，只是一种愿望、假设、猜测、或空想，用于条件句或某些动词之后。在这样的句子中要用虚拟语气。三虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法及动词形式1. 表示与现在事实相反的情况。条件从句谓语动词形式：过去式主句谓语动词形式：should/would/could/might+动词原形。If there_no air or water, there _No living things on the earth.如果他学习用功的话，他可能会通过考试。If he _harde
8、r, he _ _ the exam.2.表示与过去事实相反的情况：条件从句谓语动词形式：had + 过去分词主句谓语动词形式：should/would/could/might +have +过去分词如果我早点到那儿，我就会见到她。If I _ _ there earlier I _ _ _ her.If he _ _(take) my advice, he _ _ _(make) such a mistake.3.表示将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小）条件从句谓语动词形式：过去式/ should +动词原形/ 过去将来时/ were to +动词原形主句谓语动词形式：would/ s
9、hould /could/ might +动词原形。If he _ _(come) here tomorrow, I _ _(talk) to him.If she _ _ _ (be) here next Monday, I _ _( tell) her all about the matter.四虚拟语气的其他用法1. 虚拟语气用在 wish 后的宾语从句中：a.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。我希望我能有你那样的脑筋。I wish I _ (have) your brains.b. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用 had+ 过去分词。我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。I w
10、ish I _ _(know) the truth of the matter.c. 表示与将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用 should(would) +动词原形。我真希望再有一次机会。I wish I _ _(have) a chance again.2.虚拟语气用在 suggest 等动词后的宾语从句中，在这种用法中，无论主句中动词是何种时态，从句的谓语都用 should +动词原形或只用动词原形。He suggested/ insisted/ demanded/ ordered that we _ _ (take) the teachers advice.针对性练习：1. If your
11、 father _ this , he would be angry.A knows B. knew C. had knownD. would know2. If I were not busy, I _.A. would come B. had come C. will come D. would have come3. If I _you, I _do this exercise in a different way.A. am; will B.was; would C. were; wouldD. will be; would4. What would you do if you won
12、 a million yuan? _A. I will give it to charities B. I will buy snacksC. I will put it in the bankD. Id give it to medical research5. If I _( be) you, I _(take) a long walk befor going to bed.6. What would you do if you _(win) a scholarship?7. Tomorrow Im going to my friends birthday party. But I don
13、t know what to wear.If I _(be) you, I _(wear) a black jacket and a red tie.8.If it _( be) nice today, we _(go) for a picnic.But we were unlucky today.9. If I _( have) time, I could play with you.10. If you had got up earlier, you would _ (catch) the train.11. If I _(meet) Li Hua, I could have told h
14、im.短语：1. give it to charity2. put it in the bank3. be late for4. get nervous5. give a speech6. the whole school7. without permission8. not-in the slightest9. get along with10. would rather do sth than do sth11. right away12. make a speech13. at lunch time 14. in fact=as a matter of fact15. let-down1
15、6. come up with17. come out 18. by accident=by chance 19. on purpose20. ask sb for advice21. take medicine22. tie sth to23. be worried about24. share -with25. be late for 26. take a big exam27. take a walk 28. tell sb (not) to do sth29. wait for sb to so sth30. introduce sb to sb31. ask sb (not ) to
16、 do sth32. would rather (not ) do sth33. say something bad about-34. be knowledgeable about35. the rest of +名词（复数，不可数）36. be friendly to sb37. feel +adj +(in) doing sth38. something bad39. solutions to sth40. offer to do sth41. refuse to do sth42. be helpful to43. have experience (in) doing sth44. a piece of advice45. what if
