1、国际交流英语视听说国际交流英语视听说Unit 2Human MigrationBook 3 A | Professor: OK, could someone please turn off the lights? Good, thanks. Now, can everyone see the slide? Good. Now, weve been talking about emigration from one country to another. But emigration isnt always from a country. In this first slide, you see
2、 a map of the state of North Dakotain the U.S. Were going to focus on this part of the statewestern North Dakota. One hundred years ago, North Dakota had something that many immigrants were looking for. What do you think it was?To be continued Listening 1 Student: Was it farmland? Professor: Thats r
3、ight. North Dakota had land, and that land attracted many immigrants from Europe especially from Norway and Germany. They left their native countries and moved abroad. In North Dakota, they planted wheat, and they built houses and new towns. Nowadays, however, more and more people are leaving North
4、Dakotaespecially the rural areasand moving to other states in the U.S. But before we get to that, lets look more closely at the reasons immigrants left their original countries and went to North Dakota in the first place.To be continued Listening 1 B | & C | Professor: OK, could someone please turn
5、off the lights? Good, thanks. Now, can everyone see the slide? Good. Now, weve been talking about emigration from one country to another. But emigration isnt always from a country. In this first slide, you see a map of the state of North Dakotain the U.S. Were going to focus on this part of the stat
6、ewestern North Dakota. One hundred years ago, North Dakota had something that many immigrants were looking for. What do you think it was? Student: Was it farmland?To be continued Listening 1 Professor: Thats right. North Dakota had land, and that land attracted many immigrants from Europe especially
7、 from Norway and Germany. They left their native countries and moved abroad. In North Dakota, they planted wheat, and they built houses and new towns. Nowadays, however, more and more people are leaving North Dakotaespecially the rural areasand moving to other states in the U.S. But before we get to
8、 that, lets look more closely at the reasons immigrants left their original countries and went to North Dakota in the first place.Listening 1 To be continued Professor: This second slide shows one important reasontrains. By the early part of the 20th century, trains had arrived in this part of the c
9、ountry, so travel was easier. And when the railroad companies finished building, they sold their extra landand they sold it cheap. The U.S. government was also selling land at low prices, and there were even ways to get land for free! You just had to live on the land for five years, plant some trees
10、, and do a little farmingeasy, right? Well, as youll see in this next slide, life wasnt easy. The family that used to live in this house left a long time ago. Thats because after the 1920s, North Dakota had several years of very dry, very windy weather. The economic crisis of the 1930s made things e
11、ven more difficult, so many farmers had to sell their land and leave.To be continued Listening 1 Professor: This next slide is a picture of Corinth in the middle of wintera town that once had 75 people living in it. One of the six people who still live in Corinth today is a farmer named Melvin Wisda
12、hl. Melvin is 83 years old. And though his two sons are still farmers, Melvins grandchildren will probably emigrate. Thats the trend in North Dakota. There arent many jobs, and there arent many people. But thats not the whole story. This picture was taken at the North Dakota State University in Farg
13、o. And it looks like a nice place, doesnt it? In fact, some people are moving to North Dakota, but theyre moving to the larger cities, not to the small towns.Listening 1 To be continued Professor: So, what is happening in the small towns? Well, some people are trying to fight the emigration trend an
14、d preserve the old communities. Here, you see the Mystic Theatre in Marmarth, North Dakota. Every year, they invite poets to come here for the Cowboy Poets Weekend. Thats righta whole weekend of poetry from writers in the Western statesand its a big event! Sadly, though, experts think the changes in
15、 North Dakota arent just temporary, they are permanent. They dont think these small towns will grow again. Are there any questions?Listening 1 Professor Garcia: All right! Now were going to take our discussion of immigration and emigration to a more personal level. Im going to have you divide into g
16、roups of four. Then I want you to tell your group about someone you know who has emigratedgone to live in another country temporarily, or permanently. Does everyone have the chart? In the boxes across the top of the chart, you can write the names of the people in your group OK here on the left is th
17、e information youre going to need. First, youre going to write down who emigratedtheir name, or their relationship to your classmate. Next, where did they come from? And where did they go to? Then why did they emigrate? And finally, youre going to take notes about whether they assimilated or not!Lis
18、tening 2 B | & C | Emily: OK, lets get started Are we all here? Sunisa, Josh, Nasir Sunisa: And whats your name? Emily: Sorry! Im Emily So, Josh, has your family always lived here in Chicago? Josh: Well, always since, oh, the 1930s. My grandparents came here from Poland, my dads parents. Nasir: Real
19、ly? Whyd they leave?To be continued Listening 2 Josh: Have you forgotten your history? Poland was a dangerous place then. Everyone knew a war was coming, and my grandparents were lucky enough to get out. They had relatives in Chicago, so they settled in a Polish neighborhood there. Polish church, Po
20、lish grocery store, Polish everything. My grandma never really learned English. Emily: So, they didnt want to assimilate. Josh: Not really. But then the next generation wasnt interested in Polish customs or anything. My dad and my uncle were crazy about baseball. Thats all they cared about. And my g
21、randparents were so unhappy when they didnt marry nice Polish girls!To be continued Listening 2 Nasir: What about you? Are you interested in Polish culture? Josh: Well, maybe a little It would be fun to travel there. But like Professor Garcia said, my family is pretty well assimilated. Were just reg
22、ular Americans. Though we retain some Polish customs, for example we always eat Polish food on certain holidays . Sunisa: And, Nasir, youre from Pakistan, right? Nasir: Yeah, from Karachi. Sunisa: Did you always live there?Listening 2 To be continued Nasir: Yeah but when I was younger, my dad worked
23、 in Saudi Arabia. He was a water engineer, out in the desert there. It was a really good job, and he could come home for a month every year. Josh: Do you mind if I ask did he earn a lot of money there? Nasir: Yes, he did. But it was really hard for my mother. Most of the year she was the head of the
24、 family, but when he was home, everything changed. And my little sister was born while my father was working in Saudi. She cried every time he came back because she didnt remember him. Sunisa: That sounds really tough Listening 2 To be continued Nasir: It was. But he earned enough to send all of us
25、to good schools. And then he started his own engineering firm in Karachi. So in the end, it was a positive thing. Emily: Do you think it changed your father, living overseas like that? Nasir: Yeah I think it made him even more Pakistani! After that, he only wore traditional Pakistani clothes, and he
26、 never wanted to eat foreign food! Nasir: So, what about your family, Emily? Emily: Huh! None of them ever did anything interesting well, except for my Uncle Jack. He emigrated from England to Australia back in the 1950s.Listening 2 To be continued Josh: Cool! You can go see your relatives in Austra
27、lia! Emily: Mmm, not exactly Back then, Australia was really trying to increase its population. If you wanted to settle there, they gave you a very cheap ticket and promised you a job. Uncle Jack was 26, and he couldnt find a girlfriend. Australia sounded sooo much better than England, so off he wen
28、t. Josh: And howd he like it? Emily: Actually he hated it! Its so funny. He didnt like England, but then when he got to Australia, he thought the sun was too hot, and the land was too empty, and the girls were unfriendly and on and on Listening 2 To be continued Emily: He worked for a mining company
29、 for five years, and of course there were no women there. So one day he just got on a ship and came back. He never got married, and his attitude about Australia hasnt changed. Hes been complaining about it ever since. I dont think he had one positive experience there. Nasir: Well, we read that a hig
30、h proportion of emigrants actually do return home what did the professor say? Emily: More than half, I think Sunisa, what about you? Has anyone in your family emigrated from Thailand?Listening 2 To be continued Sunisa: No actually, my ancestors emigrated to Thailand, from China. But that was so long
31、 ago that no one really remembers, maybe a hundred or two hundred years ago. A lot of Chinese moved to Thailand then. Nasir: Interesting! Do you know why? Sunisa: Im not sure. I think they probably moved because there were too many people in China, in that region I guess there was just no place for
32、them, and they thought life would be better in Thailand. Emily: I hope this isnt too personal but is there discrimination against Chinese people in Thailand now?Listening 2 To be continued Sunisa: Not really. Were not exactly a separate ethnic group. So many Chinese married Thais, were all mixed tog
33、ether. Its not like were a minority there Ultimately, we all just became typical Thais, except sometimes our names are a little different. Josh: So, do the people in your family speak Chinese? Sunisa: No! Well, actually, my grandma knows a little bit, but she learned it from her friend. I think the
34、Chinese in my country assimilated really well. Usually people dont even know whos Chinese Professor Garcia: OK, everyone, almost finished? Next, I want you to discuss these questions that Im writing on the board Listening 2 Narrator: It has the look and the sound of Istanbul. But this Turkish commun
35、ity is in Germany. In a country learning how to prosper with a diversity it didnt want. After the devastation of World War II, Germany needed help to rebuild and so invited Turkish guest workers. Both Germans and Turks believed the arrangement was temporary. Ozcan Mutlu, Member of Parliament, Berlin
36、: But that was a lie. It was a life lie, I say. Because no one returned. To be continued Narrator: Turks like to say that the Germans sent for workers, but got human beings. And the human beings became a vibrant community. Two hundred thousand in Berlin, two million in all of Germany. A third genera
37、tion of German Turks is now being born, but many Germans still think of them as foreigners. Ozcan Mutlu: This is one reason why these people kept their ties to the home country, and why they still identify themselves as Turks. Narrator: Turkish fears grew when the Berlin Wall fell and the government
38、 focused on reunification rather than the needs of minorities. Ozcan Mutlu: Turks say the wall came down, but it came down on the heads of the Turks.To be continued Narrator: There is a rich Turkish cultural tradition in Germany. But though the cultural border between peoples here has grown more dis
39、tinct, both Germans and Turks are trying to bridge it. This is a pioneering public school called Rixdorfer. Students from both cultures are taught side by side in both languages. The costs are higher than average, but so is the success. Marion Berning, Rixdorfer Elementary School, Berlin: If you put
40、 money in the small kids, in the younger kids, you dont have much problems when they are older.To be continued Narrator: Marion Berning hopes that what she sees here is the shape of the future. Marion Berning: They dont see the difference between the Turkish and the German. And so they have no probl
41、ems with foreigners. They are not foreigners. They are kids.Two young women go for a Sunday afternoon walk in the small town of Budesti, Romaniabut their clothes say a lot about an important world trend. Along with their traditional Romanian Sunday dresses, the women are wearing fashionable foreign
42、jackets and shoes. People in the womens families went to live abroad to work, and then came back to their hometown, bringing money and foreign productslike these clothes. More than 2.5 million Romanians have emigrated and are now living in countries such as Spain and Italy. For most of these people,
43、 the move is only temporary. They plan to work in a store or factory for several years and then return to Romania. They send money toTo be continued Listening 1their families and keep in contact with them by phone. Often, they live together in a Romanian community with other people who speak their n
44、ative language. Other Romanians have made a permanent move to Canada or Australia and they will never go back to live in their original country. These immigrants often face difficulties in their new country with language, culture, and negative feelings from the local people. But their children usual
45、ly learn to speak two languages and become comfortable in two cultures.Listening 1Hmong Americans The Hmong are an ethnic minority from Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. In the 1970s, after the war between the U.S. and Vietnam, many Hmong were forced to leave their homes, and a large number of them emigr
46、ated to the U.S. to settle permanently. The Hmong were mostly uneducated farmers in their native countries. When they emigrated to the U.S., many of them settled together in small towns and started vegetable farms. They retained many of their native customs and did not learn much English. The Hmong
47、people mainly kept to themselves, but many of the local people did not like having them in their communities. Today, most young Hmong- Americans are bilingual and well educated, but their parents make sure the family retains the traditional culture and customs.Listening 2To be continued Japanese Bra
48、zilians The first Japanese immigrants came to Brazil in 1908, and today Brazil has the largest Japanese community outside of Japan. Japanese immigrants came to work on coffee farms across Brazil. They planned to stay only a few years, make money, and then go home. However, very few returned to Japan
49、. During the 1940s, there were many laws that restricted the activities and freedom of Japanese Brazilians. Life improved for the Japanese Brazilians in the 1970s. They moved into new fields of business and became very successful. Today, only the oldest people in the community still speak Japanese, and the majority of the youngest generation are of mixed-race.Listening 2During World War II, many Germans emigrated from their country. Then after the war, when the
