1、.民事撤诉论文：我国民事撤诉制度研究【中文摘要】民事撤诉制度是民事诉讼的一项重要制度,是当事人自由处分其诉讼权利的重要途径,同时也是法院结案的一种方式。合理的撤诉制度能够保障当事人处分权的充分行使,同时也能够有效节约司法资源。但我国现行民事撤诉制度由于立法上的漏洞和权利设置上的不合理未能起到应有的作用,反而导致侵蚀原告处分权、损害被告权益、浪费诉讼资源等负面后果。司法实践中原告滥用撤诉权现象亦客观存在,严重影响诉讼程序的安定和效益。但是,即便在寻求民事诉讼体制不断变革的今天,撤诉问题仍未受到足够重视,甚至为 2007 年的民事诉讼法修正案所忽视,让人惋惜。权利的保障和规制毕竟要通过具体的制度来
2、实现。离开制度的变革和公正,谈何权利保护和诉讼公正。重视我国民事撤诉制度的研究,对恰当保护当事人的诉讼权利和合法权益、对规范我国的司法实践、对完善我国的民事诉讼制度都有着十分重要的意义。研究民事撤诉的基本理论和法理基础,对比外国的民事撤诉制度,纵观建国以来的民事诉讼立法,我国对民事撤诉的规制一直处于不完善状态,存在的问题明显。撤诉由法院单方许可侵蚀了当事人的处分权,法院的超强职权有违司法中立和公正。缺失对被告权利的保护既侵害被告诉讼权益又不符合当事人诉讼权利平等原则的要求。对原告撤诉形式无明确规定,且对撤诉后原告再起诉毫无限制客观上为原告撤诉权的滥用提供了保护伞。法院审查撤诉的程序,撤诉是否导
3、致诉讼时效的中断相关法律都未明.确规定,造成了司法实践的混乱,危害到司法权威的树立和维护。撤诉后案件受理费一律减半交纳的规定亦不够科学。为此,以民事撤诉基础理论研究为基础,借鉴外国民事撤诉立法经验,笔者提出了五项完善我国民事撤诉制度的具体设想。首先,赋予被告撤诉同意权,这既保障了被告的诉讼权利又有效避免原告滥用撤诉权。其次,从程序上对原告申请撤诉和法院审查撤诉进行合理规制。原告撤诉应以书面申请为原则,以口头形式为例外,法院仅对撤诉申请作形式上的审查,且须在适当时间内作出裁定。再次,明确规定撤诉不导致诉讼时效的中断,诉讼时效依起诉前继续计算,以避免司法实践中的不统一。最后,建议根据原告申请撤诉的
4、时间截点不同科学规定诉讼费用的交纳。【英文摘要】As one of the systems of civil litigation, the system of civil withdrawing charges is a very important way for the parties to exercise their lawsuit rights and for the court to close a case.It can safeguard the using of disposition rights for the parties and save the judicial
5、 resources.However,because of the loopholes of our current system of civil legislation on the withdrawal and the right to set the unreasonable failure to play its due role, it causes erosion of the plaintiff disposition,the injury on the rights of the defendant, a waste of legal resources and other
6、negative consequences. Withdrawal of judicial .practice, the abuse of the right of the plaintiff is also an objective phenomenon has seriously affected the stability and efficiency of the proceedings. However, even in the search for ever-changing system of civil litigation today, the problem has not
7、 been given adequate attention withdrawal and even been ignored in the Civil Procedure Law in 2007, we feel sorry for that. Rights protection and regulation of the system, after all, to be achieved through concrete. Leave the system change and justice, without mentioning the fair protection of the r
8、ights and litigation.Our attention to the syudy on the withdrawal system, appropriate action to protect the persons rights and legitimate interests in regulating the judicial practice of China, on Improving Chinas civil litigation system have a very important significance. Withdrawal of the basic th
9、eory of civil and legal basis, compared to withdrawal of foreign civil system, look at since the founding of the civil legislation, withdrawal of the regulation of civil has been in a perfect state, the problems apparent. Unilateral withdrawal of permission by the courts eroded the partys powers, su
10、per powers contrary to the Court of judicial neutrality and .impartiality. Lack of protection of rights of the accused against the defendant litigation both parties interests are not in compliance requirements of the principle of equal rights litigation. Form of the plaintiff no clearly defined with
11、drawal and after withdrawal of the plaintiff then sued for unrestricted withdrawal of the objective for the abuse of the right plaintiff to provide a protective umbrella. Court to review the withdrawal of the program, withdrawal is causing interruption of limitation neither clearly defined laws, jud
12、icial practice, the confusion caused, harm to the judicial authority of the establishment and maintenance. After the withdrawal of all court costs to pay half of the provisions are not scientific enough.To this end, fundamental research in civilian-based withdrawal, withdrawal of foreign civil learn
13、 legislative experience, the author proposes a system of five complete withdrawal of Civil specific ideas. First of all, giving the defendant the withdrawal of consent, which not only ensures the rights of the accused and effective action to avoid withdrawal of the plaintiff the right to abuse, whil
14、e limiting the plaintiff any further appeal after the withdrawal behavior. Secondly, from the legislative .procedure applies for withdrawal of the plaintiff and court review of withdrawal of reasonable regulation to ensure stable and orderly process. The plaintiff to apply for withdrawal of the prin
15、ciple should be in writing and orally in the form of an exception, the court only for the formal application for review of withdrawal and shall make a ruling at the appropriate time. To ensure stability and orderly process.Once again, clear that withdrawal does not lead to interruption of limitation
16、 to avoid the judicial practice is not uniform. Finally, the proposed cut-off by the plaintiff to apply for withdrawal of the provisions of different scientific point of paying the cost of litigation.【关键词】民事撤诉 法理基础 存在问题 完善设想【英文关键词】Civil withdraw Legal basis Existing problems Perfect ideas【目录】我国民事撤诉制
17、度研究 摘要 4-6 Abstract 6-7 引言 8-10 一、民事撤诉的基础理论 10-19 (一) 民事撤诉的概念 10-11 (二) 民事撤诉的性质 11-12 (三) 民事撤诉的法理基础 12-19 二、国内外民事撤诉制度的比较 19-29 (一) 我国现行民事撤诉制度的内容 19-21 (二) 国外民事撤诉制度考察 21-27 (三) 国内外民事撤诉制度.的异同 27-29 三、我国现行民事撤诉制度存在的问题 29-37 (一) 法院职权侵蚀了当事人的处分权 29-32 (二) 缺失对被告诉讼权利的保护 32-33 (三) 对原告申请撤诉和法院裁定撤诉的形式缺乏规定 33 (四) 关于撤诉后的法律后果规定存在立法缺失 33-35 (五) 撤诉后诉讼费用交纳办法不当 35-37 四、完善我国民事撤诉制度的具体设想 37-42 (一) 赋予被告撤诉同意权 37-38 (二) 规范撤诉申请的形式 38-39 (三) 改革法院的撤诉审查制度 39 (四) 明确规定撤诉不导致诉讼时效的中断 39-40 (五) 改革撤诉后诉讼费用的交纳办法 40-42 结论 42-43 参考文献 43-46 致谢 46
