1、.试论高校社团对贫困大学生心理的调适作用中英文对照Try to talk about college society for poor college students psychological adjustment function of contrast in both Chinese and English近年来,随着高校的扩招,贫困大学生的数量越来越多,这些学生成为了高校中较为特殊的一个群体,存在着较为严重的消极心理。本文简要分析了高校贫困大学生存在的几种消极心理状态。结合高校社团的优势,探讨了高校社团对贫困大学生的消极心理的调适作用。In recent years, as a re
2、sult of college expansion, the number of poor college students more and more, the students become the relatively special a group in colleges and universities, there exist serious negative psychological. This paper briefly analyses the exist several negative psychological state of poor college studen
3、ts. Combined with the advantage of the university community, probes into the university community to poor college students negative psychological adjustment. 【关键词】社团 贫困大学生 心理调适【 key words 】 community poor college students mental adjustment 随着高校招生规模的扩大,贫困大学生的数量也不断增多。作为生活环境和消费水平与普通学生相差较大的一个群体,他们必将产生不同
4、于普通学生的心理状况。本文通过对常州工学院 220 位贫困大学生的调查,发现了贫困大学生普遍存在的几种特殊的心理状况,并将其与高校社团的特点和优势相结合,发现了高校社团对贫困大学生心理情感有较大的调适作用。With the expansion of college enrollment, the number of poor college students is also growing. As the living environment and consumption level of comparatively large difference with ordinary studen
5、ts a group, they will have different from ordinary students psychological status. This article through to survey 220 poor college students in changzhou institute of technology, found the poor college students commonly exist some special psychological condition, and combined with characteristics and
6、advantage of college society, discovered the college community of poor college students mental emotion have larger adjustment function. 1 贫困大学生的特殊心理1 special psychological poverty college students 1.1 “社交自闭”1.1 “social isolation“ 由于自卑、缺乏自信、封闭自己,在人际交往中表现出性格孤僻、不合群的特点。进入高校的贫困大学生由于经济的压力,使得他们惧于参加集体活动,很少主
7、动与老师和同学谈心,怕被大家歧视。一方面是因为他们过于顾及面子,怕被人发现自己生活拮据,怕被人用异样的眼http:/ ),还是参加班集体活动 (如秋游、班级聚餐等),都需要一笔“支出” ,而贫困大学生们的生活费本就很少,根本没有这笔预算之外的“支出”,又担心被同学们说“小气”而被轻视,索性以种种理由避开集体活动,不接受任何同学的邀约,自我封闭。从对我校的 220 位贫困大学生的调查问卷结果制成表格(见表 1)可以很容易得出以上结论。Because of inferiority, lack of confidence, closed yourself, show in interpersonal
8、 withdrawn character and the characteristics of the misfit. Into the poor college students in colleges and universities due to economic pressure, make them fear to participate in collective activity, rarely take the initiative to talk with teacher and classmates, fear of discrimination. On the one h
9、and, because they too care about face, afraid of being found himself is needy, afraid of being people with strange view, so refused to help, often “hit swollen face depth“; Now of college students, on the other hand, whether it is for emotional communication (such as going to the movies together, gi
10、ve each other a birthday gift, travel, etc.), or to participate in class activities (such as autumn, class dinners, etc.), all need a “spending“, and the poor college students with the cost of living is very few, dont have the “spending“ outside of the budget, and have to worry about the classmates
11、said “stingy“ and be despised, simply avoid group activities with a variety of reason, dont accept any students invitation, self sealing. From the questionnaire to 220 poor college students in our school to tabulate the results (see table 1) can be easily to the above conclusion. 这种消极的心态,不仅限制了他们活动的空
12、间和个性的发展,而且易引起人际交往上的重重障碍。The negative point of view, not only limits their activity space and the development of personality, and easy cause interpersonal obstacle. 1.2 归属感缺失1.2 lack of sense of belonging 人本主义心理学家马斯洛在他的动机理论里认为,人在有了生存条件和自身安全的前提下,最需要的就是爱与归属感。据调查,现在高校贫困大学生中大约 92.6%来自农村或经济欠发达地区,他们因为生活条件和
13、环境的限制,不能从小在美术、体育、文艺等各方面加以训练,出去见世面的机会也较少,结果导致其在语言、行为、见识方面可能都不如家境条件较好的学生,兴趣爱好、平时聊天的话题等也和普通学生格格不入。再加上贫困大学生们有着通过学习改变命运的强烈愿望,因此大部分的时间都花在学习上,仅有的一点业余时间也基本上在勤工助学,根本没有时间和普通同学一样相约出去逛街、娱乐等,久而久之,就被排在了“同学圈”外。经调查,有 75.6%的贫困大学生表示自己很多时候不能融入同学的谈话。 “感觉和同学们好像隔着一堵墙”(一贫困大学生语 )。这样就形成了一个比较特殊的群体 ,游离于一般的集体之外。他们感觉自己就像一棵浮萍,找不
14、准位置。另外,大学的班集体概念要比中学淡化许多,贫困大学生由于经济方面的原因又较少参加集体活动。在这样的环境下,会导致贫困大学生比同届其他学生更严重地产生孤独感和缺失归属感。Psychologist maslows humanism in his motivation theory believes that people have on the living conditions and their own under the premise of safety, need most is love and a sense of belonging. Now according to the
15、 survey, about 92.6% of poor college students from the countryside or economic less developed areas, because of the limitation of living condition and environment, they cannot be raised in the fine arts, sports, and so on various aspects of literature and art training, the less chance to go out to s
16、ee, as a result, it may have in terms of language, behavior, knowledge than students good family condition, hobbies, usually chat topic also and ordinary students. http:/ with poor college students have a strong desire by learning to change destiny, so most of the time is spent in learning, the litt
17、le spare time is basically in the work-study, had no time to go out with ordinary students meet shopping, entertainment, etc., over time, was ranked in “circle“. After investigation, 75.6% of the poverty college students said they cant into the classmate talk a lot of time. “Feeling as if separated
18、by a wall with students“ (a poor college students). Thus formed a special group, free from the general collective. They felt like a duckweed, find no place. In addition, the concept of class at the university of dilute many than high school, poor college students because of economic reasons and less
19、 likely to participate in collective activities. In such an environment, can lead to poor college students is more seriously than with the other students loneliness and lack of sense of belonging. 1.3 心理惰性和价值取向偏离1.3 psychological inertia and the value orientation deviation 部分贫困大学生在国家相关的资助政策下,消极等待国家和
20、社会各界的资助,从未考虑通过自己的劳动去获取,也从不去想自己应该承担的各种责任。近年来,国家对广大贫困大学生加大了奖励帮扶的力度,这在减轻贫困大学生学费负担的同时也不同程度地使他们的责任心和感恩意识有所降低。部分贫困大学生已经养成了“靠资助吃饭”(一贫困大学生语) 的习惯,似乎贫困已经成为了获得更多经济帮助的“资本”,他们已经习惯了“天上掉馅饼”,从未想过通过劳动去获取,对已经将获得的资助视为理所当然,认为不需对任何人心存感激,也逐渐失去了对自己应该承担责任的认识。另外,还有部分贫困大学生由于成长过程中家庭经济状况长期处于较低水平,在价值取向上不可避免会存在“金钱至上”的原则,认为“有钱才是正
21、道”,感恩根本无从谈起,甚至对社会在某种程度上有偏激的认识和敌视的情绪。价值取向偏离虽是少数问题,但对学生个体的潜在危害也不容忽视。Some poor college students under the relevant national aid policy, passive to wait for the state and society from all walks of life, never to consider through their own labor to get, and never to think oneself should shoulder all resp
22、onsibility. In recent years, countries to intensify the rewards of helping the poor college students, this is also to reduce the financial burden of poor college students tuition in different degrees of their sense of responsibility and sense of gratitude. Some poor college students have formed the
23、“eat their funding“ (a poor college students) habits, poverty seems to have become “capital“ to obtain more economic help, they have become accustomed to “heaven fell pie“, never thought to get through labor, the already will receive funding for granted, that need not be grateful to anybody, also gr
24、adually lost their should bear the responsibility. In addition, some poor college students due to growth in the process of family economic conditions at low levels for a long time, inevitably exist on the value orientation of “money first“ principle, think that “money is the way“, gratitude is impos
25、sible, even for the understanding of the society to some extent have extreme and hostile feelings. Although the value orientation deviation is one of the few problems, but the potential harm of the also nots allow to ignore to the student individual. 2 高校社团对贫困大学生心理的调适2 college society for poor colle
26、ge students psychological adjustment 针对高校贫困大学生可能出现的上述心理问题,必须采取一定的调适办法,使他们健康成长,顺利完成学业,健康地走向社会。而积极鼓励贫困大学生参与高校社团活动,是对他们进http:/ 引导贫困大学生心理意识不断成熟For may appear the psychological problems of poor college students, some adjustment measures must be taken to make them grow healthy, smooth finish school, to he
27、althy community. And actively encourage poor college students to participate in the club activities, is an effective way for psychological adjustment to them. College community is composed of voluntary students based on the interest groups, and it is out of common interests and hobbies, community so
28、 that the students have stronger cohesion between, especially for the students can play to their poor college students provides a stage, providing stronger sense of belonging, alleviate their psychological pressure, at the same time play a positive role on the psychological adjustment. 2.1 the poor
29、college students mental consciousness unceasingly mature 社团开展的各项活动,为贫困生提供了一个更为广阔的平台。一方面贫困生通过参加社团活动丰富了社交范围,走出相对封闭的内心世界,并通过活动获得认可,满足他们渴望得到承认的心理,激发他们积极向上的精神;另一方面,通过社团活动中与其他优秀同学的交流互动,促进他们自觉、自励、自省、自强的心理意识不断增强,消除各种消极心理的影响,能以一种平常心面对自己、面对他人、面对社会。例如常州工学院成立的“爱心社”,这是一个由贫困大学生自发组成的志愿服务类的社团。社员几乎都是贫困生,他们一般都有着相似的生活
30、环境,也同样承受着经济的压力。在这样的条件下,社团就成为了社员们的“家”,为社员们提供了一个互相交流、互相督促、互相学习的平台,社员们在这个社团里可以感受到集体的温暖。这样,通过对这个社团加以正确引导和帮助,就能充分挖掘出贫困生各方面的潜能,并在社团内互相感染,形成一种积极向上的精神面貌。下表中列出了同批贫困大学生在加入高校社团前后对相同问题的回答(见表 2)Association to carry out the activities, and provides students with a broader platform. On the one hand, the poor stude
31、nts by taking part in community activities enrich the social scope, the inner world of the out of the relatively closed, and through the activity recognition, meet the psychological, they are eager to get admitted to inspire their positive spirit; Through corporate activities, on the other hand, int
32、eraction with other outstanding students, promote their self-awareness, self excitation, introspection, striving to improve the mental consciousness constantly strengthen, eliminate various negative psychological effects, to a common heart to face yourself, face the society, in the face of others. F
33、or example, the changzhou institute of technology set up “, “ kindness club“, this is a founded by a group of poor college students volunteer community service class. Members are almost all the poor students, they tend to have similar living environment, also under the economic pressure. Under such
34、circumstances, community has become a members of the “home“, and provides members with a platform of communication, supervise each other, learn from each other each other, the members in the community can feel the warmth of the collective. In this way, through to the community to correctly guide and
35、 help, can fully tap the potential of all aspects of the fresh, and infection each other within the community, forming a positive mental outlook. In the table below lists the same batch of poor college students in colleges and universities before and after the community to answer the same question (
36、see table 2) http:/ 促进贫困大学生整体素质不断提高2.2 promote the poor college students overall quality enhances unceasingly 高校贫困大学生们都身负全家人的期望,家人指望他们成才,从根本上改变家里贫困的状况。因此,贫困大学生们都非常重视学习。但由于家庭条件和教育环境的不同,他们在学习成绩之外诸如社交能力、合作能力、组织管理能力、动手能力、表达能力等方多面的能力没有得到应有的锻炼,整体素质偏低。笔者所在学校就曾有一位贫困大学生在上计算机课时发出这样的感叹:“这还是我第一次真正摸到电脑呢。 ”可想而知,这
37、位学生绝对要比其他家庭经济条件富裕、从小接触电脑的同学在课业上投入更多的精力。经过调查,还发现进入大学后,贫困大学生在学校里担任学生干部、得到锻炼的机会也较少。如笔者所在的学校,据统计,贫困生在学生干部中的比例仅占 10%。 “不是不想用贫困生当学生干部,实在是贫困生的能力偏低,不能圆满完成各项任务”(一高校辅导员语) 。高校社团则为贫困大学生的自我发展创造了良好的条件,贫困生们的想象力、创造力、独立思考能力等在组织和参与活动的过程中得到充分地锻炼和提高。如常州工学院的“英语角”,已经成为学生英语实践的平台,提升了社员们的英语水平;计算机协会的社员们在不断的学习和交流中,已经形成了一去具有网页
38、制作、硬件维修、部分软件开发能力的团队;校实践小分队通过到农村、社区等地实践调查,掌握了很多第一手的信息资料,提高了学生的实践能力、搜集整理资料的能力和处理突发事故的能力;“爱心社”提升了社员们的主人翁意识 ,增强了他们的社交能力等等。无论是学习类还是志愿服务类的社团,都从方方面面提高了贫困生们的素质,对他们的心理起到了较好的调适作用。Are of poor college students with the expectations of the family, family hope they thrive, radically change the familys poverty. As
39、 a result, the poor college students are very attach importance to learning. But because of the different family conditions and education environment, they are learning scores, such as the social ability, cooperation ability, organization and management ability, practical ability, expression ability
40、 and so on more than the ability of the didnt get proper exercise, the overall quality is low. In my school there was a poor college student in the computer class issued such a sigh: “this is the first time I touch the computer really?“ It is conceivable that this student is absolutely than other ri
41、ch family economic conditions, since the childhood contact computer students put in more effort in their studies. Through the survey, also found that after entering university, poor college students in the school as a student cadres, to get the chance to exercise less. As the authors school, accordi
42、ng to statistics, only accounted for 10% of poor students in the student cadres. “Not use poor students dont want to be student cadre, is the ability of poor students is low, cant complete all tasks“ (a) of university counselors. College communities for the poor college students self development cre
43、ated favorable conditions, poor students imagination, creativity, independent thinking ability in organization and participate in activities such as the process of fully exercise and improve. Such as the “English corner“ in changzhou institute of technology, have become a platform for students of En
44、glish practice, improve the English level of the members; Computer society members in constant learning and communication, have formed a part to a web page production, hardware maintenance, software development capability of the team; Practice team through to the rural school and community practice,
45、 mastered a lot of first-hand information, improve the students practical ability, the ability to collect data and the ability to handle sudden accident; Improved “, “ kindness club“ members of awareness, enhance their social skills and so on. Both them or volunteering in the community, from all asp
46、ects to improve the quality of the poor students are, to their psychological adjustment effect is good. http:/ 促使贫困生的社会责任感和“感恩”意识不断增强2.3 make poor students sense of social responsibility and “Thanksgiving“ consciousness is growing 高校社团活动在提升贫困生自助能力的同时,可以培育他们的“助人”意识,逐步消除惰性心理,克服“等、靠、要”的思想观念,增强他们的社会责任感和
47、感恩意识。例如笔者所在的学校就充分发挥“爱心社” 、 “青年志愿者”等服务类社团的作用,鼓励贫困大学生积极参加社区服务、勤工助学、环保节能等志愿活动及社会公益活动,使他们认识到自己虽然已经得到帮助,但还有一些与自己一样困难甚至比自己更困难的人没有得到帮助,应该让爱心持续传递下去,使自我通过公益活动在奉献社会的过程中得到升华。在开展社团活动的同时,在潜移默化之中端正思想认识,在身体力行之中矫正价值取向,使其人格不断完善。College society activities in promoting self-help ability of poor students, at the same time can cultivate their consciousness of “helping others“, gradually eliminate inertia psychology, overcome “and so on, rely on, to“ ideas, enhance their sense of social responsibility and sense of gratitude. For example in my school give full play to “the“ “
