1、.摘 要随着中国的改革开放,作为世界认识中国的媒介，对外宣传材料的翻译变得越来越重要。现阶段对外宣传材料的翻译研究也呈多角度多层次发展。但是长期以来，对外宣传材料的翻译在传统的翻译研究观念“忠实” “对等”的束缚下，着重于语言层面的转换分析,是一种静态的文本分析，几乎完全忽视了译者的主观能动作用。本论文将以关联理论作为理论框架，从认知角度外宣翻译中译者的主体性进行研究，从把翻译看作明示推理的过程在动态语境中找出各种信息之间的最佳关联，对真实交际意图做作出推理，从而能够全面、科学的阐释话语理解，然后从相关理论书籍、报刊杂志、网络资源以及社会生活中的热点进行收集一些常见的外宣翻译举例分析,达到外宣
2、翻译的目的。关键词：译者；主体性；外宣；翻译ABSTRACT.The foreign publicity translation has been becoming more and more important with Chinas further integration with other members in the world. The research on foreign publicity translation in current stage enjoys a tendency to develop in a multi-angle and multi-level way
3、. However, in the long past few years, being limited within the “Loyalty” and “Equivalence”, the study on foreign publicity translation focuses on the analysis and transformation of languages from linguistic surface, which is a kind of static analysis. Moreover, the research on subjectivity of trans
4、lators has been often ignored, especially in foreign publicity translation. Under the framework of Relevance Theory, this thesis studies the subjectivity of the translator in foreign publicity translation from the cognitive perspective. As a cognitive theory, Relevance theory stresses the importance
5、 of “man”. Translator always plays an indispensable role in comprehending, interpreting, rendering the source text. The writer will collect various foreign publicity materials to find the Optimal Relevance among various information, infer and understand true communicative intention, in a overall and
6、 scientific way.Key words：translator; subjectivity; foreign publicity; translation.Content1. Introduction 12. Foreign publicity translation.22.1 The definition of foreign publicity translation .22.2 The characteristics of foreign publicity translation23. The translators subjectivity .43.1The definit
7、ion of the subjectivity of the translator43.2 The Significance of Translators Subjectivity44. Relevance Theory .64.1 A general introduction of Relevance Theory .64.2 Principle of Relevance .64.2.1 Cognitive Principle of Relevance Cognitive.74.2.2 Communicative Principle of Relevance74.2.3 Optimal Re
8、levance 85. The subjectivity of the translator for foreign publicity translation under the framework of relevance theory .95.1 The subjectivity of the translator in the first ostensive-inferential Communication95.2 The subjectivity of the translator in the second ostensive-inferential communication
9、106. The problems and strategies in foreign publicity translation from the two ostensive-inferential communication processes.116.1 Inaccurate comprehension of the ST116.2 Translators incompetence in rendering of the TT.126.3 Strategies.146.3.1 Reconstructing.146.3.1.1 The restructuring of titles .14
10、6.3.1.2 The restructuring of discourse patterns 156.3.2 Addition.176.3.2.1 The addition to cultural and historical background176.3.2.2 The addition to political writing and economic phrases 186.3.3 Omission .197. Conclusion.22Acknowledgements.23References .24.1. IntroductionWhile the world is gettin
11、g smaller and smaller, the relationship between different countries becomes more and closer. China, in which people from different parts in this ever smaller global is working as an essential member, doing her best to create a friendly and harmonious contact with all other nations. Therefore, foreig
12、n publicity and its translation are of vital importance. With the efforts of the governments and various kinds of other organizations, foreign publicity translation enjoys a boom in recent years.Under the framework of Relevance Theory, this paper studies the subjectivity of the translator for foreig
13、n publicity translation from the cognitive perspective. As a cognitive theory, Relevance Theory stresses the importance of “man”. Translator always plays an indispensable role in comprehending, interpreting, and rendering the source text. Besides, under dynamic context, this paper regards translatio
14、n as two ostensive-inferential communication process, finding the Optimal Relevance among various information, infer and understand true communicative intention, in an overall and scientific way.2. Foreign publicity translationForeign publicity translation means the foreign publicity translation bei
15、ng translated into another language by the translator. And these materials cover various kind of fields, such as social, political, cultural aspect. As foreign publicity translation is meant for external output, it can be regarded as a “window” to Chinas interaction with other members in the interna
16、tional community. In order to present a good foreign publicity translation version, the translator must keep in mind the characteristics of foreign publicity translation. The translation should be targeted to the foreign readers, showing the communicative intention and the connection between publici
17、ty and politics, besides, ensuring it is positive.2.1 The definition of foreign publicity translationAs the name implies, foreign publicity translation refers to the translation, both as a product and as a process, of foreign publicity materials. Publicity, according to Websters New World College Di
18、ctionary, carries the meaning of “any information, promotional material, etc. which brings a person, place, product or cause to the notice of the public” and the definition extends into “the work or business of preparing and disseminating such material”. Chinese foreign publicity can be considered a
19、s the spread and promotion of information concerning Chinese issues through the means of mass media, such as books, newspapers, broadcasting, television, the Internet, and international conferences etc. to foreign countries 11.With Chinas tremendous development and opening-up, almost every field nee
20、ds foreign publicity, so foreign publicity translation is a bridge or a tool for Chinas communication with the outside world.2.2 The characteristics of foreign publicity translationFirst, foreign publicity translation should be target-reader oriented. Eugene A. Nida insisted that the reader of a tra
21、nslated text should be able to comprehend it to the point that they can conceive of how the original readers of the text can understand and .appreciate it 2118.The reader of Foreign publicity materials is “foreigners and overseas Chinese who dont know China but are interested in China”, and through
22、reading the materials they can get as much as information. Thus readers can build a positive image of China and are willing to exchange and interact with other members in the world.Besides, some pre-treatments should be done to meet the needs of the foreign readers, due to the different cultural bac
23、kgrounds, values and thinking patterns between English and Chinese.Second, foreign publicity translation enjoys a communicative nature. It is “an intentional communication carried out by a source to change the attitudes of audience members” 322. The reader is not only captive or passive receivers of
24、 the translation but also participator of this give-and-take process. This process is not a monologue of the translator, but a dialogue between the communicator and receiver. Third, there is a close relationship between external publicity and politics. On one hand, foreign publicity materials must b
25、e accord with the countrys politics; and on the other hand, foreign publicity, when it functions in a good way, help exert a good and profound influence on the image and status of one country.Fourth, publicity materials are always positive publicity translation. It is natural every country wants to
26、set up a good and objective image rather than a poor or arrogant image in the whole world.3. The translators subjectivityThe translator is the subject of the translation. Under the prerequisite of respecting the original text, the translator has to meet the needs of target culture to realize the pur
27、pose of translation. He embodies his subjectivity in his self-conscious awareness, humane quality and aesthetic creativity when selecting the text, the purpose of the culture and translation methods. The significance of the translators subjectivity is definite. Because it is important in understandi
28、ng the nature , the process, criticism and disciplinary development of translation. 3.1The definition of the subjectivity of the translatorSubject, a philosophical term, is defined as the one that has the capacity to perceiveand practice352-53.Translators subjectivity refers that, as the subject of
29、translation, in order to realize the goal of translation, the translator would take advantage of his subjective initiative with the prerequisite of respecting the source version422. The main feature of translators subjectivity is the awareness of the cultural consciousness, human character, and cult
30、ural and aesthetic creativity 422. Based on various materials collected, the translators subjectivity in this thesis refers to the subjectivity application of the translator shown in the translation process; it is featured by initiative, objectivity, as well as creativity capacity. Specifically, it
31、consists of the translators cultural awareness, aesthetic assessment, and creativity ability, etc. That is to say, the subjectivity in translation denotes the subjectivity and inter-subjectivity of all subjects containing the translator, the author and the readers 419-24.3.2 The Significance of Tran
32、slators Subjectivity The present research on the translators subjectivity prevailing in translation studies is of great significance in several aspects. It plays an indispensable role in exploring the essence, process, criticism and disciplinary construction of translation and is to be specifically
33、analyzed as follows:Firstly, the status of the translators subjectivity is significant in understanding the .essence of translation. The translators subjectivity has crucial meaning in the cognition of the essence of translation. The development of the translators subjectivity is related to the deve
34、lopment of translation theory and practice. Translation can be seen as a kind of selective activity, in which the translator uses a language to express the meaning of another language. It is obvious that the further study of the translators subjectivity will hasten the new cognition of the essence o
35、f translation.Secondly, the study of the translators subjectivity will help to deepen the new exploration of the whole translation process. We regard the translator as the manipulator of translation and translation as a creative representation requiring the translators subjectivity. Yuan Li said tha
36、t In fact, when we do not linger to interpret translations in the translated text as the shadows that are equivalent to the source text, but to regard the translated text as a self-efficient product as a result of series of shifts and amendments on the basis of the translators own aesthetic orientat
37、ion and the historical context, it comes immediately that we are confronted with the issue of the translation subjectivity and the corresponding space to exert such subjectivity5402. So there comes the key point of translation studies: the process of translation cant be explored without the study of
38、 the relationship between the translator and other elements.Thirdly, the study of the translators subjectivity can provide new perspectives and development for translation criticism. The subject of translation criticism is not only the original work and the readers, but also the translator and the e
39、nvironment he lives in as well as some other elements. There is complementary relationship between these subjects despite of the different function they posses. But translation criticism makes the subjective factors of the translator outstanding, and the study of the translator in turn provides mean
40、ingful materials and new principles for translation criticism. Fourthly, the study of the translators subjectivity can provide methodological instruction for the development of translatology and other disciplines. Because we also study the translators subjectivity from the inter-subjectivity of all
41、subjects in translation. When science and social science are combined as one discipline based on practice, we can never treat translatology separated with other disciplines, but dependent on the methodology used in social and natural science.4. Relevance TheoryRelevance Theory points that human lang
42、uage communication involves the informative intention and communicative intention and ostensive-inferential process. That is, the speaker expresses to deliver the information , and the listener infers the intention of the speaker to reach an conclusion, The key to successful communication is find ou
43、t the optimal relevance according to the cognitive and communicative principles of Relevance.4.1 A general introduction of Relevance TheoryRelevance Theory is presented by Sperber and Wilson and it is based on cognitive pragmatics. In human communication, people can understand the meaning of utteran
44、ce mostly depending on relevance. Relevance, as a core notion in Relevance Theory, is defined by Sperber and Wilson like this: An assumption is relevant in a context if and only if it has some contextual effects in that context 6125.Among so many details of speech and behaviors, people tend to put t
45、heir attention on the information that is maximal relevance and mostly worthy to take their time to handle. Between the readers cognitive environment and the communicators cognitive environment, people can find more relevance with less processing effort and more context effect. Later the influence o
46、f Relevance Theory is beyond the field of pragmatics. Sperber and Wilsons student Gutt finished his dissertation Translation and Relevance which studies a new field of translation phenomena and shows how they can be connected under the relevance theoretic framework. Relevance Theory regards translat
47、ion a dynamic ostensive-inferential interpretation of the primitive language.4.2 Principle of RelevanceWhen translating, the translator needs to try his best make close to the understanding about the intention of the original writer with his own language competence and inferential ability, that is,
48、looking for the optimal relevance through the source text and the context. Also, the translator must be aware of the cognitive .environment he is in, and achieve the successful communicative intention under the communicative principle. 4.2.1 Cognitive Principle of Relevance Principle is a reasonable
49、 explanation of human cognition which is about basic human assumption psychology. Sperber more central still in its purposing is a more complete viewing of itself and of the comprehending which it should serve8261.In this comprehension stage, the original writer makes his communicative intentions through ostensive stimuli in the original text; the translator receives the stimuli and makes inference according to the principle of .relevance and the Optimal relevance, based on the cognitive environments of the original text and
