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ISBN 978-1-4648-1673-4 SKU 211673Industrialization in Sub-Saharan AfricaIndustrialization drives the sustained growth in jobs and productivity that marks the developmental take-off of most developed economies. Yet, academics and policy makers have questioned the role of manufacturing in development for late industrializers, especially in view of rapid advancements in technologies and restructuring of international trade. Concurrently, industrialization and structural transformation are integral to the African Unions Agenda 2063 and the development strategies of several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Given this renewed interest in industrialization across the region, a central question is not whether SSA countries should pursue industrialization as a potential path to sustainable growth but how to promote the prospects of industrialization. Industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Seizing Opportunities in Global Value Chains addresses this question by reassessing the prospects for industrialization in SSA countries through integration into global value chains. It also examines the role of policy in enhancing these prospects. The main ndings indicate that SSA has not experienced premature deindustrialization; the region has witnessed substantial growth in manufacturing jobs despite a lack of improvement in the contribution of manufacturing value-added to GDP . The regions integration into manufacturing global value chains is reasonably high but it is dominated by exports of primary products and engagement in low-skill tasks. Global value chain integration has led to job growth, and backward integration is associated with more job creation. The report emphasizes the role of policy in maintaining a competitive market environment, promoting productivity growth, and investing in skills development and enabling sectors such as infrastructure and nance. Policy makers can strengthen the global value chain linkages by (1) increasing the value-added content of current exports, (2) upgrading into high-skill tasks, and (3) creating comparative advantages in knowledge-intensive industries.AFRICA DEVELOPMENT FORUMIndustrialization inSub-Saharan AfricaSeizing Opportunities in Global Value ChainsKaleb G. Abreha, Woubet Kassa, Emmanuel K. K. Lartey,Taye A. Mengistae, Solomon Owusu, and Albert G. ZeufackAbreha, Kassa, Lartey, Mengistae, Owusu, ZeufackIndustrialization in Sub-Saharan AfricaIndustrialization in Sub-Saharan AfricaSeizing Opportunities in Global Value ChainsKaleb G. Abreha, Woubet Kassa, Emmanuel K. K. Lartey, Taye A. Mengistae, Solomon Owusu, and Albert G. ZeufackA copublication of the Agence franaise de dveloppement and the World Bank 2021 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW , Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.orgSome rights reserved1 2 3 4 24 23 22 21This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent, or the Agence Franaise de Dveloppement. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The W orld Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.Rights and PermissionsThis work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions:AttributionPlease cite the work as follows: Abreha, Kaleb G., Woubet Kassa, Emmanuel K. K. Lartey, Taye A. Mengistae, Solomon Owusu, and Albert G. Zeufack. 2021. Industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Seizing Opportunities in Global Value Chains. Africa Development Forum. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1673-4. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGOTranslationsIf you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.AdaptationsIf you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank.Third-party contentThe World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images.All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW , Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail: pubrightsworldbank.org.ISBN (paper): 978-1-4648-1673-4ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-1721-2 DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1673-4Cover photo: A parts trolley drives through a vehicle assembly plant in Johannesburg, South Africa. Wesley Poon / S. Used with the permission of Wesley Poon / S. Further permission required for reuse.Cover design: Sergio Andres Moreno Tellez, World BankThe Library of Congress Control Number has been requested.vAfrica Development Forum SeriesThe Africa Development Forum Series was created in 2009 to focus on issues of significant relevance to Sub-Saharan Africas social and economic develop-ment. Its aim is both to record the state of the art on a specific topic and to contribute to ongoing local, regional, and global policy debates. It is designed specifically to provide practitioners, scholars, and students with the most up-to-date research results while highlighting the promise, challenges, and opportuni-ties that exist on the continent.The series is sponsored by Agence franaise de dveloppement and the World Bank. The manuscripts chosen for publication represent the highest quality in each institution and have been selected for their relevance to the development agenda. Working together with a shared sense of mission and interdisciplinary purpose, the two institutions are committed to a common search for new insights and new ways of analyzing the development realities of the Sub-Saharan Africa region.Advisory Committee MembersAgence franaise de dveloppementThomas Mlonio, Executive Director, Research and Knowledge DirectorateHlne Djoufelkit, Director, Head of Economic Assessment and Public Policy DepartmentMarie-Pierre Nicollet, Director, Head of Knowledge Department on Sustainable DevelopmentSophie Chauvin, Head, Edition and Publication DivisionWorld BankAlbert G. Zeufack, Chief Economist, Africa Region Csar Caldern, Lead Economist, Africa Region Chorching Goh, Lead Economist, Africa RegionSub-Saharan AfricaZIMBABWEANGOLABURUNDIRWANDACHADNIGERUGANDAKENYASOMALIAETHIOPIAERITREA SUDANSOUTHSUDANCENTRALAFRICAN REPUBLICREP. OFCONGONIGERIATOGOSENEGALLIBERIASIERRA LEONEGUINEACTEDIVOIREGUINEA-BISSAUDEMOCRATICREPUBLICOF CONGOSOUTHAFRICALESOTHOESWATINIBOTSWANAZAMBIAMOZAMBIQUEMADAGASCARCOMOROSSEYCHELLESMALAWITANZANIANAMIBIAMAURITIUSCAMEROONGABONEQUATORIAL GUINEASO TOM AND PRNCIPEMALIBENINBURKINA FASOMAURITANIACABOVERDETHE GAMBIAGHANAIBRD 39088 | MAY 2019La Runion(Fr.)Mayotte(Fr.)Source: World Bank (IBRD 39088, May 2019).viiTitles in the Africa Development Forum Series2021Social Contracts for Development: Bargaining, Contention, and Social Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa (2021), Mathieu Clouthier, Bernard Harborne, Deborah Isser, Indhira Santos, Michael WattsIndustrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Seizing Opportunities in Global Value Chains (2021), Kaleb G. Abreha, Woubet Kassa, Emmanuel K. K. Lartey, Taye A. Mengistae, Solomon Owusu, Albert G. Zeufack2020*Les systmes agroalimentaires en Afrique. Repenser le rle des marchs (2020), Food Systems in Africa: Rethinking the Role of Markets (2021), Gaelle Balineau, Arthur Bauer, Martin Kessler, Nicole Madariaga*The Future of Work in Africa: Harnessing the Potential of Digital T echnologies for All (2020), L avenir du travail en Afrique : exploiter le potentiel des technologies numriques pour un monde du travail plus inclusif (2021), Jieun Choi, Mark A. Dutz, Zainab Usman (eds.)2019All Hands on Deck: Reducing Stunting through Multisectoral Efforts in Sub- Saharan Africa (2019), Emmanuel Skoufias, Katja Vinha, Ryoko Sato*The Skills Balancing Act in Sub-Saharan Africa: Investing in Skills for Productivity, Inclusivity, and Adaptability (2019), Le dveloppement des comptences en Afrique subsaharienne, un exercice d quilibre : Investir dans les comptences pour la productivit, linclusion et ladaptabilit (2020), Omar Arias, David K. Evans, Indhira Santos*Electricity Access in Sub-Saharan Africa: Uptake, Reliability, and Complementary Factors for Economic Impact (2019), Accs llectricit en Afrique subsaharienne : adoption, fiabilit et facteurs complmentaires dimpact conomique (2020), Moussa P . Blimpo, Malcolm Cosgrove-Davies2018*Facing Forward: Schooling for Learning in Africa (2018), Perspectives : l cole au service de lapprentissage en Afrique (2019), Sajitha Bashir, Marlaine Lockheed, Elizabeth Ninan, Jee-Peng Tanviii TITLES IN THE AFRICA DEVELOPMENT FORUM SERIESRealizing the Full Potential of Social Safety Nets in Africa (2018), Kathleen Beegle, Aline Coudouel, Emma Monsalve (eds.)2017*Mining in Africa: Are Local Communities Better Off? (2017), Lexploitation minire en Afrique : les communauts locales en tirent-elles parti? (2020), Punam Chuhan-Pole, Andrew L. Dabalen, Bryan Christopher Land*Reaping Richer Returns: Public Spending Priorities for African Agriculture Productivity Growth (2017), Obtenir de meilleurs rsultats : priorits en matire de dpenses publiques pour les gains de productivit de lagriculture africaine (2020), Aparajita Goyal, John Nash2016Confronting Drought in Africas Drylands: Opportunities for Enhancing Resilience (2016), Raffaello Cervigni, Michael Morris (eds.)2015*Africas Demographic Transition: Dividend or Disaster? (2015), La transition dmographique de lAfrique : dividende ou catastrophe ? (2016), David Canning, Sangeeta Raja, Abdo Y azbechHighways to Success or Byways to Waste: Estimating the Economic Benefits of Roads in Africa (2015), Ali A. Rubaba, Federico Barra, Claudia Berg, Richard Damania, John Nash, Jason RussEnhancing the Climate Resilience of Africas Infrastructure: The Power and Water Sectors (2015), Raffaello Cervigni, Rikard Liden, James E. Neumann, Kenneth M. Strzepek (eds.)The Challenge of Stability and Security in West Africa (2015), Alexandre Marc, Neelam Verjee, Stephen Mogaka*Land Delivery Systems in West African Cities: The Example of Bamako, Mali (2015), Le systme d approvisionnement en terres dans les villes d Afrique de lOuest : L exemple de Bamako (2015), Alain Durand-Lasserve, Malis Durand- Lasserve, Harris Selod*Safety Nets in Africa: Effective Mechanisms to Reach the Poor and Most Vulnerable (2015), Les filets sociaux en Afrique : mthodes efficaces pour cibler les populations pauvres et vulnrables en Afrique subsaharienne (2015), Carlo del Ninno, Bradford Mills (eds.)2014Tourism in Africa: Harnessing Tourism for Growth and Improved Livelihoods (2014), Iain Christie, Eneida Fernandes, Hannah Messerli, Louise Twining-W ardTITLES IN THE AFRICA DEVELOPMENT FORUM SERIES ix*Y outh Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa (2014), L emploi des jeunes en Afrique subsaharienne (2014), Deon Filmer, Louise Fox2013Les marchs urbains du travail en Afrique subsaharienne (2013), Urban Labor Markets in Sub-Saharan Africa (2013), Philippe De V reyer, Franois Roubaud (eds.).Enterprising Women: Expanding Economic Opportunities in Africa (2013), Mary Hallward-DriemeierSecuring Africas Land for Shared Prosperity: A Program to Scale Up Reforms and Investments (2013), Frank F. K. ByamugishaThe Political Economy of Decentralization in Sub-Saharan Africa: A New Implementation Model (2013), Bernard Dafflon, Thierry Madis (eds.)2012Empowering Women: Legal Rights and Economic Opportunities in Africa (2012), Mary Hallward-Driemeier, Tazeen HasanFinancing Africas Cities: The Imperative of Local Investment (2012), Financer les villes dAfrique : l enjeu de linvestissement local (2012), Thierry Paulais*Structural Transformation and Rural Change Revisited: Challenges for Late Developing Countries in a Globalizing World (2012), Transformations rurales et dveloppement : les dfis du changement structurel dans un monde globalis (2013), Bruno Losch, Sandrine Frguin-Gresh, Eric Thomas White*Light Manufacturing in Africa: T argeted Policies to Enhance Private Investment and Create Jobs (2012), LIndustrie lgre en Afrique : politiques cibles pour susciter linvestissement priv et crer des emplois (2012), Hinh T. Dinh, Vincent Palmade, Vandana Chandra, Frances Cossar*Informal Sector in Francophone Africa: Firm Size, Productivity, and Institutions (2012), Les entreprises informelles de lAfrique de louest francophone: taille, productivit et institutions (2012), Nancy Benjamin, Ahmadou Aly Mbaye2011Contemporary Migration to South Africa: A Regional Development Issue (2011), Aurelia Segatti, Loren Landau (eds.)Challenges for African Agriculture (2011), Jean-Claude Deveze (ed.)Lconomie politique de la dcentralisation dans quatre pays dAfrique subsaharienne : Burkina Faso, Sngal, Ghana et Kenya (2011), Bernard Dafflon, Thierry Madis (eds.)x Ti Tles in The Afric A Developmen T f or um s eries2010Gender Disparities in Africas Labor Market (2010), Jorge Saba Arbache, Alexandre Kolev, Ewa Filipiak (eds.)*Africas Infrastructure: A Time for Transformation (2010), Infrastructures africaines, une transformation imprative (2010), Vivien Foster,
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