1、1历年真题（2015-6） 试卷一：中国宴席中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，让客人吃不完。中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜，例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。大多数宴席上，全鱼被认为是必不可少的，除非已经上过各式海鲜。如今，中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中式菜肴融于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少见。沙拉也已流行起来，尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴。宴席通常至少有一道汤，可以最先上或最后上桌。甜点和水果通常标志宴席的结束。译文： 中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，让客人吃不完。 The traditional Chinese hospitality requires a ric
2、h variety of foods and dishes, which cannot be totally consumed by the guests. 或 The traditional Chinese hospitality requires that the food should be so various that the guests cannot eat up all the dishes. (找主干、形合、定语从句、结果状语从句)2中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜，例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。The typical menu in Chinese banque
3、t includes a set of cold dishes at the beginning of the banquet, and the hot ones that follow, such as meat, chicken, duck, vegetables, etc. 或 A typical Chinese banquet menu includes a set of appetizers served at the beginning, followed by the hot dishes, such as meat, poultry, vegetables, etc.（找主干、
4、语序调整）大多数宴席上，全鱼被认为是必不可少的，除非已经上过各式海鲜。A whole fish is considered to be essential in most banquets, unless various kinds of seafood have been served already.或 A whole fish is regarded as the essential part in most banquets, unless there have been different kinds of seafood.(被动态、让步状语从句)如今，中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中
5、式菜肴融于一3席，因此牛排上桌也不少见。Today, the Chinese people like to combine the Western specialties with the traditional Chinese dishes in a banquet, which often gives rise to the appearance of steak on Chinese dining tables. 或 Nowadays, the Chinese people like to combine the Western specialties with the traditio
6、nal Chinese dishes in a banquet, so the steak is very popular on the table. 或 Nowadays, the Chinese people like to combine the Western specialties with the traditional Chinese dishes in a banquet, so it is very common to see steak on the table. 或 Nowadays, the Chinese people like to combine the West
7、ern specialties with the traditional Chinese dishes in a banquet. Therefore, it is not rare to see steak being served as well.(定语从句、原因状语从句、分句译法)沙拉也已流行起来，尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴。4Salad is gaining popularity, although traditionally the Chinese people generally do not eat any food without cooking. 或 Sala
8、d has been increasingly popular, although traditionally the Chinese people dont eat anything that is not cooked.或 Salad has been increasingly popular, despite the fact that the Chinese people dont eat any dishes which are not cooked.(找从句主干、让步状语从句、定语从句)宴席通常至少有一道汤，可以最先上或最后上桌。In a banquet, there is usu
9、ally at least a course of soup, either as the first or the last dish. In a banquet, there is usually at least a course of soup, which can be served either at first or at last.（there be 句型、定语从句）甜点和水果通常标志宴席的结束。Desserts and fruit usually markmean the end of the feast.或 Usually, when desserts and fruit
10、are served, the banquet will be ended in a short time.5(时间状语从句、被动态)试卷二：中国城市化2011 年是中国城市化（urbanization）进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。在未来 20 年里，预计有 3.5 亿农村人口将移居城市。如此规模的城市发展对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为本” 的发展理念，强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设“资源节约和环境友好型” 社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。译文：2011
11、年是中国城市化（urbanization）进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。The year 2011 witnesses the historic moment in the process of urbanization in China, whose urban population surpasses rural population for the first time. 或 The year 2011 is a historic moment in the process of urbanization in China as its urban population
12、 exceeds rural population for the first time.6(定语从句、原因状语从句) 在未来 20 年里，预计有 3.5 亿农村人口将移居城市。 In the next 20 years, it is estimated that about 350 million rural population will migratemove to cities. (被动句、数字) 如此规模的城市发展对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。Such scale of urban development brings both challenge and opportuniti
13、es for urban transportation.(找主干、语序) 中国政府一直提倡“以人为本” 的发展理念，强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。The Chinese government has always been advocating the “people-oriented” development concept, emphasizing that people should travel by buses instead of by private cars. 或 The Chinese government always advocates the “people-orie
14、nted” development concept, 7and emphasizes the priority of public vehicles over private cars. (找主干 )它还号召建设“资源节约和环境友好型 ”社会。It also calls for the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. 或 It also appeals to building a society which is resource-saving and environment-friendl
15、y. 或 At the same time, the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society is also what the government is appealing to.(词性转换、定语从句、前重心)有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。With this explicit goal, cities in China can better plan their development and divert a lot of
16、investment to the development of safe, clean and economical transportation system.(找主干 ) 8试卷三：汉朝汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一。汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就。它最先向其他文化敞开大门，对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向了中西亚乃至罗马。各类艺术一派繁荣，涌现了很多文学历史哲学巨著。公元 100 年中国第一部字典编撰完成，收入 9000 个字，提供释义并列举不同的写法。其间，科技方面也取得很大进步，发明了纸张、水钟、日晷(sundials) 以及测量地震的仪器。 汉朝经历了四百年，但统治者的腐败导
17、致了它的灭亡。译文： 汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一。The Han Dynasty is one of the most significant dynasties in the history of China. 或 The Han Dynasty is one of the most important dynasties in Chinese history.(找主干、语序)汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就。It attained lots of remarkable achievements during the reign of the Han rulers. 或 There are
18、 a lot of remarkable achievements during the reign of the Han rulers.9（there be 句型、语序）它最先向其他文化敞开大门，对外贸易兴旺。The Han Dynasty is the first in opening its door to other cultures, with the foreign trade prosperous.Being the first to open the door to other cultures, it excelled in its foreign trade.(with 结
19、构、找主干) 汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向了中西亚乃至罗马。The Silk Road exploited in the Han Dynasty lead to Central and West Asia, and even to Rome. （找主干、语序） 各类艺术一派繁荣，涌现了很多文学历史哲学巨著。With various sorts of art flourishing, there appeared many great works of literature, history and philosophy. (with 结构、there be 句型) 公元 100 年中国第一部字典编撰
20、完成，收入 9000 个字，提供释义并列举不同的写法。The first dictionary in China was compiled in 100 A.D, which not only contains nine 10thousand Chinese characters, but also offers interpretations and lists various styles of writing. （找主干、定语从句） 其间，科技方面也取得很大进步，发明了纸张、水钟、日晷(sundials)以及 测量地震的仪器 。Science and technology also ma
21、de much progress during this period. Paper, water clock, sundials and earthquake detectors were invented. 或Great progress in science and technology are also achieved during this period as paper, water clock, sundials and earthquake detectors were invented. (被动态 ) 汉朝经历了四百年，但统治者的腐败导致了它的灭亡。The Han Dyna
22、sty lasted for more than 400 years, but the corruption of the rulers ultimately led to its collapsedoomdownfall.11历年真题（2014-12） 试卷一：文学艺术反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。这在很大程度上归功于道家对自然的感情。传统中国画有两个最受青睐的主题，一是家庭生活的各种幸福场景，画中往往有老人在下棋饮茶，男人在耕耘收割，妇女在织布缝衣，小孩在户外玩耍。另一个则是乡村生活的种种乐趣，画有渔夫在湖上打渔，农夫在山上砍柴采药，或是书生坐在松树下吟诗作画。这两
23、个主题可以分别代表儒家和道家的生活理想。译文： 反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。这在很大程度上归功于道家对自然的感情。The longing for rural life reflected in Chinese art and literature is an important feature of Chinese civilization, which is, to a large degree, attributed to Taoist affection towards nature. (语序、合译法、定语从句) 传统中国画有两个最受青睐的主题，一是家庭生活的各
24、种幸福场景，画中往往有老人在下棋饮茶，男人在12耕耘收割，妇女在织布缝衣，小孩在户外玩耍。There are two most popular themes in the traditional Chinese painting. One is about various happy scenes of family life, with the elderly drinking tea and playing chess, men ploughing and harvesting, women weaving and sewing, or children playing out of do
25、ors. (分译法、 with 结构) 另一个则是乡村生活的种种乐趣，画有渔夫在湖上打渔，农夫在山上砍柴采药，或是书生坐在松树下吟诗作画。The other theme is about so much fun in rural life with fishermen fishing on the lake, farmers cutting wood and collecting medicinal herbs in the mountains, or scholars versing and painting under pine trees.(with 结构) 这两个主题可以分别代表儒家和
26、道家的生活理想。These two themes respectively represent the Confucian and Taoist ideal life states.13历年真题（2014-6） 试卷二：经济发展自从 1978 年启动改革以来，中国已从计划经济转为以市场为基础的经济，经历了经济和社会的快速发展。平均10%的 GDP 增长已使五亿多人脱贫。联合国的“千年(millennium)发展目标”在中国均已达到或即将达到。目前，中国的第十二个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡的问题。政府已设定目标减少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和医保的机会，并扩大社会保障。中
27、国现在 7%的经济年增长目标表明政府是在重视生活质量而不是增长速度。译文：自从 1978 年启动改革以来，中国已从计划经济转为以市场为基础的经济，经历了经济和社会的快速发展。Since the reform was launched in 1978, China has transformed from the planned economy into a market-based economy, experiencing rapid economic and social development.（被动态、专有名词）平均 10%的 GDP 增长已使五亿多人脱贫。1410% of the G
28、DP growth per year has brought more than five hundred million people out of poverty.联合国的“千年(millennium)发展目标”在中国均已达到或即将达到。The United Nations “Millennium Development Goals” has been realized or is about to be reached in China.（被动态）目前，中国的第十二个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡的问题。At present, the 12th Five-Year Plan
29、 of China emphasizes the development of service industry and dealing with the environmental and social imbalance.（找主干）政府已设定目标减少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和医保的机会，并扩大社会保障。The government has set goals to reduce pollution, enhance energy efficiency, increase the chances for education and health insurance, 15and pr
30、omote social security.（动词的处理）中国现在 7%的经济年增长目标表明政府是在重视生活质量而不是增长速度。Now, 7% of the annual economic growth target of China shows that the government attaches great importance to the quality of life rather than the growth rate.（宾语从句）试卷三：中国教育中国将努力确保到 2015 年就业者接受平均过 13.3 年的教育。China will endeavor to ensure t
31、hat employees should have received an average of 13.3 years of education by 2015.（宾语从句）如果这一目标得以实现，今后大部分进入劳动力市场的人都需获得大学文凭。Should the goal be achieved, the majority of the labor force into the market would be required to obtain a college degree in the 16future.（虚拟语气）在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数：除了关注高等教育外，还将
32、寻找新的突破以确保教育制度更加公平。In the next few years, China will focus on increasing the enrollment in vocational colleges. Apart from attaching attention to higher education, China will also seek new breakthroughs to guarantee a fairer educational system.（分译法、找主干）中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源，这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多的支持。China is tryi
33、ng to optimize the use of educational resources so that rural and underdeveloped areas can receive more support.（目的状语从句）教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并为外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。In addition, the Ministry of Education has 17decided to improve students nutrition of in underdeveloped areas and to offer equal opportunities for the children of migrant workers to receive education in the cities. （找主干）
