1、 完美. 格式.编辑 专业.资料.整理 1、闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路延伸 6,000 多公里。得名于古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和中东文明发展中发挥了重要作用。正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷等四大发明才被引介到世界各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器（porcelain）也传遍全球。物质文化的交流是双向的。欧洲也通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需要。The world-renowned Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the Wes
2、t. It extended more than 6,000 kilometers. The Silk Road was named after ancient Chinas silk trade which played an important role in the civilization development of China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It was through the Silk Road that papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing of the fo
3、ur great inventions of ancient China were introduced around the world. Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain spread all over the world. Europe also exported various goods and plants through the Silk Road to meet the needs of the Chinese market.2、中国园林是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括
4、学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷一般展现在面前。After 3,000 years of evolvement, Chinese gardens have become a unique landscape. This includes both large gardens built as entertainment venues for roy
5、al family, and private gardens built as secluded retreats for scholars, merchants and retired government officials. These gardens have constituted a miniature that is designed in praise of the harmony between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls and consists of various bui
6、ldings linked by winding trails and corridors, with ponds, rockeries, trees, and flowers scattered in it. Wandering in such a well-designed garden, people may feel that they are walking in a landscape painting.3、中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，
7、人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006 年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008 年又被定为公共假日，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、 “福”或“和”等字样。Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. The traditio
8、n of celebrating Mid-完美. 格式.编辑 专业.资料.整理 Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty. The lunar August 15 is a day for people worshiping the moon. On this day, under the dazzling bright moon, families reunite and enjoy the moons beauty. In 2006, Mid-Autumn festival was l
9、isted as one of Chinas cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was classified as a public holiday. Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the festival, were gifts people sent to families and friends during the festival and usually eaten on family gatherings. There are characters of “longevity”, “
10、good fortune” and “harmony” on the Traditional moon cakes.4、北京计划未来三年投资 7600 亿元治理污染，从减少 PM 2.5 排放入手。这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括 500 万辆机动车的尾气排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘，另外 850 亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水处理设施，加上 300 亿元投资未来三年的植树造林。 市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，北京还将更严厉地处罚违反减排规定的行为。Beijing is going to invest 760 b
11、illion yuan to curb environmental pollution in the next three years, starting from reducing the emissions of pm 2.5 emissions. The newly announced plan is intended to reduce the four major sources of pollution, including emissions of 5 million motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sands
12、torms from the north and construction dust in the locality. Another 85 billion yuan is used for establishing or upgrading the facilities of municipal waste treatment and sewage treatment. Besides, 30 billion yuan invests to the afforestation program in the next three years. In order to improve the e
13、nvironment, the municipal government also plans to build a good number of plants which can use recycled water and to stop illegal construction. In addition, Beijing will punish those people who violate the regulations of emission-reduction more severely.5、中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪和大妈都是老词，但
14、已获取了新的意义。 土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人，也就是说，土豪有钱，但是没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不就前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。 土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版的牛津（Oxford）英语词典，至今约有 120 中文加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。Chinese hot words are often a reflection of social changes and culture, some of which enjoy growing popularity among foreign media. Tuh
15、ao and dama, for instance, are both old words, but they have been given new meanings. Tuhao used to mean rural landlords who bullied and oppressed their tenants and servants, but now it refers to people who spend money without limits or those who show off their wealth 完美. 格式.编辑 专业.资料.整理 around. In o
16、ther words, tuhao are wealthy but tasteless. Dama, a form of address for middle-aged women, is now used as a special word to describe Chinese women who purchased gold in bulk when the gold price decreased not long ago. The words, tuhao and dama, may be included in the new edition of Oxford English d
17、ictionary. Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been added to the dictionary, becoming a part of English language.6、最近中国科学院出版了关于其最新科学发展与未来一年展望的年度系列报告。该报告包括三部分：科学发展报告，高技术发展报告，中国可持续战略报告。第一份报告包含中国科学家的最新发现，诸如新粒子研究与 H7N9 病毒研究的突破。该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门领域，如 3D 打印和人造器官研究。第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计，以
18、消除工业升级中的结构性障碍，并促进节能减排。Recently Chinese Academy of Science published annual report on the latest scientific development and the expectations for the coming year in a series. The report is composed of three parts: scientific development report、high-tech development report and Chinese sustainable strat
19、egy report. The first report includes Chinese scientists recent discoveries, such as the breakthrough in the research field of new particle and H7N9 virus. It also emphasizes the issues we need to pay attention in the next years. The second report announces some hot areas in applied scientific study
20、, like 3D printing and artificial organ. The third report appeals to strengthen the top-level design so as to eliminate structural obstacle in industrial upgrading and promote energy-saving and emission-reduction.7、反映在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。这在很大程度上归功于道家对自然的感情。传统中国画有两个最受青睐的主题，一是家庭生活的各种幸福场景，画中往往有老人在下
21、棋饮茶，男人在耕耘收割，妇女在织布缝衣，小孩在户外玩耍。另一个则是乡村生活的种种乐趣，画有渔夫在湖上打渔，农夫在山上砍柴采药，或是书生坐在松树下吟诗作画。这两个主题可以分别代表儒家和道家的生活理想。The ideal country life reflected in art and literature is an important feature of Chinese culture, which is, to a large degree, attributed to the Taoists affection for nature. There are two favorite th
22、emes in traditional Chinese paintings. One depicts various happy scenes of family life, in which the seniors are drinking tea and playing chess, young men are sowing and reaping, women are weaving and sewing clothes, and children are playing outdoors. The other portrays all kinds of delights of coun
23、try life, with fishermen fishing on the lake, farmers cutting firewood or gathering herbs on the hills, or scholars chanting poems or painting pictures while sitting under pine trees. These two themes can respectively represent 完美. 格式.编辑 专业.资料.整理 the Confucian and Taoist ideal of life.8、中国将努力确保到 201
24、5 年就业者接受过平均 13.3 年的教育。如果这一目标得以实现，今后大部分进入劳动力市场的人都需获得大学文凭。在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数：除了关注高等教育外，还将寻找新的突破以确保教育制度更加公平。中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源，这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多的支持。教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并为外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。China will endeavor to ensure that employees will have received an average of 13.3 years of education by 2015.
25、If this goal can be achieved, the majority of people entering the labor market will be required to have obtained a college degree in the future. In the next few years, China will strive to increase vocational college enrollment. In addition to attaching importance to higher education, China will als
26、o seek new breakthroughs to guarantee a more equal educational system. China is attempting to make the best use of educational resources so that rural and underdeveloped areas will get more support.9、从 1978 年启动改革以来，中国已从计划经济转为以市场为基础的经济，经历了经济和社会的快速发展。平均 10%的 GDP 增长已使五亿多人脱贫。联合国的“千年（millennium）发展目标”在中国均
27、已达到或即将达到。目前，中国的第十二个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡的问题。政府已设定目标减少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和医保的机会，并扩大社会保障。中国现在 7%的经济年增长目标表明政府是在重视生活质量而不是增长速度。Since the reform in 1978, China has shifted from a planned economy to a market-based economy, and experienced rapid economic and social development. The 10 percent average annual g
28、rowth of GDP has lifted more than 500 million people out of poverty. The United Nations “Millennium Development Goals” have been achieved or are about to be achieved in China. At present, Chinas Twelfth Five-Year Plan emphasizes the development of service industry and solutions to environmental prob
29、lems and social imbalances. The government has set goals to reduce pollution, enhance energy efficiency, improve access to education and health care, and expand social security. Chinas current 7 percent annual economic growth target demonstrates that the government attaches great importance to the q
30、uality of life rather than the speed of growth.10、2011 年是中国城市化（urbanization）进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。在未来 20 年里，预计有 3.5 亿农村人口将移居城市。如此规模的城市发展对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发展理念，强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设“资完美. 格式.编辑 专业.资料.整理 源节约和环境友好型”社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。During the proces
31、s of Chinas urbanization, the year 2011 was a historic moment when Chinas urban population surpassed the rural population for the first time. In the following two decades, it is estimated that 350 million rural people will migrate to cities. Such a scale of urban development is a challenge as well a
32、s an opportunity for the urban transportation. The Chinese government has been promoting the “people-oriented” concept, which stresses that people shall travel by public transportation rather than private cars. It also calls for the construction of “resources-conserving and environment friendly” soc
33、iety. With this clear goal, Chinese cities can better plan their development and divert massive investment to the development of safe, clean and economical transport systems.11、汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一，汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就。它最先向其他文化敞开大门，对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向了中西亚乃至罗马。各类艺术一派繁荣，涌现了很多文学历史哲学巨著公元 100 年中国第一部字典编撰完成，收入 9000 个
34、字，提供释义并列举不同的写法。期间科技方面也取得很大进步。发明纸张水中日晷(sundials)，以及测量地震的仪器。汉朝经历了四百年，但统治者的腐败导致了它的灭亡。The Han Dynasty is one of the most important dynasties in Chines history. There were numerous remarkable achievements during the reign of the dynasty. It was the first dynasty to open its door to other cultures and its
35、 foreign trade was thriving. The Silk Road opened by the Han Dynasty led to Central and Western Asia and even to Rome. Various kinds of art were booming with the emergency of many great works on literature, history and philosophy. The first dictionary of China was compiled in 100 A.D., which recorde
36、d 9000 characters with their definitions and varied writing forms. Meanwhile, technology made great strides as well. Paper, water clocks, sundials and instruments to detect earthquakes were invented. The Han Dynasty went through 400 years; however, the corruption of its rulers caused its destruction
37、.12、中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，让客人吃不完。中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜，例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。大多数宴席上，全鱼被认为是必不可少的，除非已经上过各式海鲜。如今，中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中式菜肴融于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少见。沙拉也已流行起来，尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴。宴席通常至少有一道汤，可以最先上或最后上桌。甜点和水果通常标志宴席的结束。As a traditional Chinese way of entertaining guests, a meal should be rich and diverse enough for
38、the guests to enjoy fully. The typical Chinese feast usually starts with a set of cold dishes 完美. 格式.编辑 专业.资料.整理 followed by some cooked ones, such as meat, chicken, duck and vegetables. Generally speaking, a whole fish is essential for most feasts unless varied seafood has been served. Today, Chine
39、s people prefer to combine the western specials and the traditional Chines dishes together at a feast, for which it is not uncommon to have steak on the table. Salad tends to become a fashion, though the Chinese generally dont eat any uncooked food. In addition, a feast should at least include a sou
40、p, which could be served either at the very beginning or in the end. The feasts often end up with desserts and fruits.13、在帮助国际社会于 2030 年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。自 20 世纪 70 年代末实施改革开放以来，中国已使多达四亿人摆脱了贫困。在未来五年中，中国将向其他发展中国家在减少贫困、发展教育、农业现代化、环境保护和医疗保健等方面提供援助。中国在减少贫困方面取得了显著进步，并在促进经济增长方面做出了不懈努力，这将鼓励其他贫困国家应对自
41、身发展中的挑战。在寻具有自身特色的发展道路时，这些国家可以借鉴中国的经验。China is playing an increasingly important role in helping the international community to eliminate extreme poverty by 2030. Since the implementation of the reform and opening up in the late 1970s, China has saved as many as four hundred million people from pover
42、ty. In the next five years, China will provide aid to other developing countries in such fields as poverty reduction, education development, agricultural modernization, environmental protection and medical care. China has made significant progress in reducing poverty, and has made unremitting effort
43、s in promoting economic growth. This will encourage other poor countries to cope with challenges brought by development. When pursuing the developing path with their own characteristics, these countries can learn from Chinas experience.14、在中国，父本总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要决定，而不管孩子想要什么，因为他们相信这样做是为孩子好。结果，孩子的成长和教
44、育往往屈从于父母的意愿。如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚持自己的决定，即使孩子根本不感兴趣。然而在美国，父母可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注重他们的意见。中国父母十分重视教育或许值得称赞。然而，他们应该向美国父母学习在涉及教育时如何平衡父母与子女间的关系。Parents in China are always endeavoring to help their children. They even help make crucial decisions without taking what their children desire into
45、 consideration, because they hold that this is for their childrens sake. As a result, the growth and education of the children tend to surrender to their parents wishes. If the parents decide to sign up for an extracurricular class for their 完美. 格式.编辑 专业.资料.整理 children in order to increase their cha
46、nces of being accepted by key schools, they would stick to their decisions, even if their children simply are not interested in it at all. In America, however, parents are likely to show respect to their childrens views, and pay more attention to their thoughts in decision-making. It is probably com
47、mendable that Chinese parents put emphasis on education. Nevertheless, Chinese parents should learn from their American counterparts on how to balance the relationship between parents and children in terms of education.15、最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级，中国现在涉足建造高速列车、远洋船舶、机器人，甚至飞机。不久前，中国获得了再印度尼西亚(Indonesia)建造一条高铁的合同
48、;中国还与马来西亚(Malaysia)签署了为其提供高速列车的合同。这证明人们信赖中国造产品。中国造产品越来越受欢迎。中国为此付出了代价，但这确实有助于消除贫困，同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会。这是一件好事，值得称赞。下次你去商店时，可能想看一看你所购商品的出产国名。很有可能这件商品是中国造的。The Chinese government has decided to upgrade its industry recently. China is currently involved in the construction of high-speed trains, ocean-goin
49、g vessels, robots, and even aircrafts. Not long ago, China not only obtained a contract for construction of a high-speed rail in Indonesia, but also signed a contract with Malaysia to provide high-speed trains, which proves the fact that people have faith in Chinese-made products. Chinese-made products are becoming increasingly prevalent, for which China
