1、大学英语四级考试辅导,写作,一、概述 时间：30分钟 单词数：120 分值：15%命题内容：源于日常生活和有关科技、社会文化等方面的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容 校园实用英语 校园热点问题 社会热点问题,命题方式：给出题目、或规定情景、或给出段首句续写、或给出关键词写短文、或看图作文。提纲式作文 情景式作文 图表式作文,答题要求,1. 时间安排 审题（3分钟） 写作（25分钟） 检查（2分钟）：语法（时态、冠词、主谓一致）、拼写、标点 四级写作的时态以现在时为主，还可以适当的使用过去时。论说文最后一段可以使用将来时。,2. 段落和字数 1段：得0-4分 2段：得0-9分累计字数
2、在9099之间，扣1分；累计字数在8089之间，扣2分；累计字数在7079之间，扣3分；累计字数在6069之间，扣4分；累计字数在5059之间，扣5分；累计字数在50以下，最多给5分。,3. 谋篇布局开头：3句话，占全文篇幅的15%-20%正文：8句话，占全文篇幅的60%-70%结尾：2句话，占全文篇幅的15%-20%,4. 评分原则和评分标准总体评分法（global scoring） 从内容和语言两个方面进行综合评判 避免趋中倾向 启示： a. 重视内容与语言 b. 尽量避免语法错误 c. 语言要有闪光点,五个等级： 14分：切题；表达思想清楚；文字通顺，连贯 性较好；基本无语言错误。 11
3、分：切题；表达思想清楚；文字连贯；但有 少量语言错误。 8分：基本切题；表达思想比较清楚；文字上 连贯；但语言错误较多，其中有少量严 重错误。 5分：基本切题；表达思想不够清楚；文字连 贯性差；有较严重的语言错误。 2分：条理不清，思想紊乱；语言支离破碎或大 部分句子均有错误，且多为严重错误。,题型预测 1. 历年真题 （1）论说文 a. 对立观点型Spring Festival Gala on CCTV (2006.12)Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? (2005.12)Is a Test of Spoken English
4、 Necessary? (2000.6)Reading Selectively or Extensively? (1998.6)Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? (1998.6)Free Admission to Museums? b. 道理论证型It Pays to Be Honest (2003.1)Dont Hesitate to say “No” (1999.1),c. 问题解决型How to Succeed in a Job Interview? (2001.1)How I Finance My College Education(
5、2000.1)d. 解释说明型Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag (2008.12) Recreational Activities (2008.6)What Electives to Choose (2007.12)On Students Selecting Lectures (2006.6)Harmfulness of Fake Commodities (1998.1) Create a Green Campus (2009.12),（2）应用文 a. 书信类A Letter in Reply to a Friend (2003.12)A
6、Letter to the University President about theCanteen Service on Campus (2002.1)A Letter to a Schoolmate (2001.6) b. 口头类： Welcome to Our Club (2007.6) An Announcement for a Voluntary Program (2006.6)A Campaign Speech (2005.1)A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction (2004.6),具体要求： 1. 内容切题 2. 表达清楚 3
7、. 意义连贯 4. 语言规范 内容“思想表达准确” 结构 “意义连贯” 语言“无严重语法错误”,结构 a. 逻辑性：第一段提出问题，第二段分析问题，第三段解决问题。（总分总） b. 关联词： 起承转合四级作文中必须使用5-7个关联词，否则会让人觉得逻辑混乱、结构不清。 起：起动观点，开篇点题 常用词或词组：first, firstly; first of all; in the first place, first and foremost; for one thing, on the one hand; at present, recently, lately, now; to begin
8、with,常用句型： Nowadays, there is a growing concern over the issue of Recently, the issue of has been brought to public attention. When it comes to, peoples attention may vary from one to another. When asked about ., different people will hold different opinions. With the development of , the problem of
9、 has become increasingly serious. Nowadays, plays an increasingly important role in our everyday life.,承：观点的承接，即正面论证 常用词或词组：besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition, whats more;the last but not the least, last but not least;more importantly, even worse;at the same time, meanwhile 常用句型：To understa
10、nd the point of , it is necessary to discuss/analyzeThere is no denying thatIt is reported thatA close study of will probably make this point clear.We must recognize thatSome people hold the view that while other people argue that,转：观点的转折，即反面论证。 常用词或词组：nevertheless, yet, still, whereas=while;instead
11、, in contrast, by comparison, by contrast, in comparison, on the contrary, conversely;unfortunately 常用句型：Rather thanSome other people have expressed the opposite opinion.,合：文章结尾，合并归纳。 常用词或词组：thus, hence, accordingly, therefore;in brief, in short, in conclusion, as a result, as a consequence, consequ
12、ently, to sum up, in general, generally speaking, in general, on the whole, to sum up, in summary, eventually, briefly speaking, as far as I can see,常用句型：On the basis of the analyses above, we may confidently come to a conclusion thatAll the evidence supports a sound conclusion that.From what has be
13、en discussed above, we may safely conclude thatJudging from all the evidence offered, we may arrive at a conclusion thatThere is a certain truth in both arguments, but I believe that advantages of outweigh its disadvantages.Its high time (是该做某事的时候了) that we tried every means to put an end toIt is ob
14、vious that effective measures must be immediately taken to solve the problem,语言“无严重语法错误”基础一般：简单原则、安全第一 基础较好：句子结构词多变,(起) Generally speaking，/In general, /It goes without saying that/On the whole, studying too hard may be harmful to students.(起) At present, /Recently，/Lately，/Now，many teachers expect
15、their pupils to do more work than they can handle. (承) Also，/At the same time, /Furthermore,/ In addition,/ Meanwhile,/ Moreover,/ Whats more, parents do not realize that pressuring their children to study harder than called for can injure their childrens health.,(承) Certainly, In fact,/ Obviously,/
16、 Of course, most parents know that growing boys and girls need relaxation as well as exercise.(转) However,/ Nevertheless,/ Unfortunately, many pupils have no choice but to burn the candle at both ends in order to get good grades so as to please their parents. But a physically weak or socially depriv
17、ed child may not be able to keep up with such a hurried pace.,(合) Accordingly，/As a result,/Eventually, /Hence, /In short,/ In summary, /Therefore, /Thus, /to sum up，some students may very possibly fail in school because of this pressure to study in excess of what is required.,(起) Generally speaking
18、,/It goes without saying that/Without doubt, a shorter school day would benefit both students and teachers.(起) First of all,/ First, /Firstly, /In the first place, /To begin with, the shorter period resulting from a shortened day would make boring classes easier to tolerate. (承) Also, /Besides,/ In
19、addition, /Moreover, teachers would have additional time for grading papers and preparing the next days lesson.,(承) At the same time,/Meanwhile,/Similarly, students would have more free time for homework and independent study projects, as well as for extracurricular activities. (承) Besides, /Further
20、more, /Moreover,/ In addition, /Whats more, everyone would get more sleep. (合)Accordingly,/Consequently,/Hence,/ Obviously, /Then, /Therefore, /Thus, it would be easier for them to concentrate on their lessons the next day.,二、例文评析,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a compo
21、sition on the topic The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured) . You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1.简单叙述一下这位同学生病（或受伤）的情况 2.同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的 3.人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是,例文1（14分段）During the SARS period in this spring, the year of 2003, one of my classmat
22、es, Li Ming, was struck down by the virus and was immediately sent to hospital. The news spread quickly on campus. At first, we were terrified and wondered if we were infected too.,句开门见山，简洁明了。was struck down:被击倒。句中，were terrified: 受到惊吓；were infected: 受到感染。,However, through our governments publicity
23、on mass media, we gradually conquered the fear and set out to try our best to help him. Some teachers provided darly necessities while some students recorded the English class contents for him so that Li Ming could not be left behind. With our care and concern, Li Ming recovered quickly.,句中，mass med
24、ia: 大众传媒。介词搭配：in the mass media. 句中，daily necessities：日用品； be left behind：掉队。,Such an incident teaches us a good moral. Our society is full of love, warm and peaceful, in which peoplefrom man to woman, from individual to individuallend others a hand. Just like a famous song goes, “the world will tur
25、n it to heaven only if everyone contributes a little.” and I do believe that its my great honor to live in this love-filled paradise！,teaches us a good moral: 给我们上了一堂道德课。lend sb. a hand: 帮助某人。 句 歌词。,例文2（11分段）On April 1, 2003, one of my classmates was get serious cold. First day when he came to schoo
26、l, we found that his eyes were red and his sound was rough. The second day, his cold was too bad that he couldnt go to school.,改为caught a serious cold First day改为The first day sound改为voice too改为so,At that time, there was a serious ill called SARS in our country. Its just like badly cold and can infe
27、ct others easily. But our classmates didnt go away from him. They seemed more close to him. Our classmates helped him to take back breakfast. Our teacher came to see him with his notes book. He helped him to study in order that he didnt drop behind . For he was my best friend, I just sat on his bed
28、and do my best to comfort him.,Although there was SARS around us, I felt very warm then. It taught me that true love from the heart can help come across any difficult. We are so lucky that we live in a big warm family. And not very long, my classmate was getting healthy and could come to school agai
29、n. How happy we were!,could help go through any difficultiesrecovered,例文3（8分段）One day there is a student who was isolated for infectious disease. We and our teachers are concerting about his situation. But he must be isolated from us for relivesing measure.,时态不统一。改为concerning改为as a measure to preven
30、t the spread of the disease,In this important period, we telephoned to him, we also told him that he had a good rest time. We suggested that he call up his friends who were not kept in touch because of burden study and read some books which he enjoys but have no time to read. At last we told him tha
31、t he must get over this fell .,During that important period, we telephoned him, and told him to have a good rest. Besides, we advised him to call up his friends who were not kept in touch because of burdensome study, and to read some books which he enjoyed but had no time to read. At last we told hi
32、m that he must overcome this illness.,I think we should love each other. when somebody needs help， we should lend our one hand to him.,Whenour hands,例文4（5分段）Last week, Li Ning and I studied in classroom. Suddenly, Li Ning said to me that he had a headache. I asked he to see doctor. he said it was no
33、t bad. After 5 miniuts, Li Ning said to me his headache very serious. So I helped him go to hosptial.,Last Thursday evening, Li Ning and I were studying in a classroom. Suddenly, Li Ning told me that he had a headache. I asked him to see the doctor. He said it was not so serious. After 5 minutes, Li
34、 Ning told me that his headache became worse. So I helped him go to hospital.,Students and teacher heard Li Ning went to hosptial, all of them went to the hosptial. Some teacher asked Li Ning dont worry, it will be good. Some students asked Li Ning take care of himself. Li Ning said that he was very
35、 moved.,When students and teachers heard that Li Ning was in hospital, all of them went there. Some teachers asked Li Ning not to worry and to take care of himself. Some students promised to help him catch up with the lessons he missed. Li Ning said that he was deeply moved.,Thought this things, I t
36、hink a lot. The world is beautiful, because the love filled in it. People can help each other when who are in trouble.,例文5（2分段）One day, we are all in classroom. Wang fang said, “Oh!“ We all see her and found that she was crying! Teacher turned to ask her what was wrong. She said, “I do got a fever,
37、my head is very hot!“ Feng Gang sent she to hospital, we all followed they. In the hospital, doctor Wang give a inject to her, she gradually calm and not hot as before. We all thanked the doctor.,One day, when we were all in the classroom, we heard Wang fang suddenly cried, “Oh!“ We turned to her an
38、d found that she was groaning. The teacher asked her what was wrong. She said, “I feel like Im getting a fever. My head is very hot!“ Immediately, our teacher sent her to hospital, and we all followed them. In the hospital, the doctor gave an injection to her, and she gradually became calm and not a
39、s hot as before. We all thanked the doctor. It has passed for several months, but it is still clear in my mind. I think if we can help each other in the time of need, the society will be better, and the relationship between people will be better as well!,备考建议,a. 有的放矢b. 研究真题，找寻规律c. 找寻自身差距和薄弱点,论说文写作训练
40、,对立观点型第一段：引出有争议的两个观点；第二段：对两个观点分别进行详细的论述；第三段：总结、陈述自己的观点。 例1：Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? (2005年12月)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at least 120 words following
41、 the outline given below: 1. 名校校园正成为旅游新热点。 2. 校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同。 3. 我认为,模板一 第一段： Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in _.(点明新热点)Therefore, there is a hot debate over_.(切入话题) 第二段： Some people are in favor of the idea of _.(概述一方观点)They believe that _. (详述理由一)They also argue that_. (详述理由二) Howev
42、er，other people stand on a different ground.(概述另一方观点)They consider _. (详述理由一)Whats more, they firmly point out that_. (详述理由二) 第三段： There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of _ overweigh the disadvantages. In my opinion, _.(总结自己的观点),Nowadays, there is an increasing interest i
43、n visiting campuses of famous universities. Therefore , a hot debate arises over whether the university campus should be open to tourists. Some people are in favor of the idea of opening it to the public. They believe that the atmosphere of famous universities can motivate student visitors to seek m
44、ore knowledge. They also argue that as more tourists come to visit , these universities can make themselves known to more people. However, other people hold an opposite viewpoint. They consider that with tourists pouring into campuses, the beauty of the campus will be ruined . Whats more ,they firml
45、y point out that the normal teaching activities will be disturbed. There is some truth in both arguments . But I think the advantages of opening them outweigh the disadvantages. In my opinion, university campuses should be open to tourists.,Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in visiting unive
46、rsity campuses. Therefore , there is a heated discussion about whether the university campus should be open to tourists.Some people agree with the idea of opening it to the public. They believe that this can help the universities to solve their financial problems. They also argue that this practice
47、can make college students in touch with the outside world. They also claim that colleges can become soil for teenage tourists to cultivate their love for knowledge and truth. However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider this will inevitably distract college students from their st
48、udy. Whats more ,they firmly point out that tourists might litter the campus, or break its quietness. There is some truth in both arguments . But I favor the former side. After all, colleges and universities are public places and should be open as long as tourists behave properly.,例2：Is a Test of Sp
49、oken English Necessary? （2000年6月） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是 2. 也有人持不同意见
50、3. 我的看法和打算。,模板二 第一段： A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET).(首句已给出) But as to the view of _, there are some controversies(争议)among people. （提出问题） 第二段： Many people hold that _. (概述一方观点)In the first place, _.(详述理由一)In the second place, _. (详述理由二) Some people, however, take a different attitude. (转折，承上启下)They consider _.(概述另一方观点)There are two reasons for this. (引出原因)One is that _. (详述理由一) The other is that_.(详述理由二) 第三段： As for me, _. (阐述自己的观点) So I _. (得出结论),
