1、,Writing in CET-4 Examination,General Introduction,听力理解 （35） 249分 阅读理解 （35） 249分 完型填空（改错）（10） 70分 写作和翻译 （20） 142分,单项报道分,试卷构成,有关作文 作文要求：考试时间：分钟文章长度：个词左右题型：情景作文段首句续写作文关键词作 书信写作图画或图表作文命题作文语言：能正确表达思想，意义连贯，语句通顺，无重大语法错误,内容：作文命题一般涉及学生的日常生活，如学生的学习，校园生活，体育和休闲活动，社会实践等或者是一些常识性的话题，如社会问题，科技和文 化方面的新趋势或新现象等一般情况下，不
2、会出现专业性太强，超过大学生认识水平的话题,一、四级作文题型,1、题纲型作文 (with outline) 2、段首句作文 (with initial sentence) 3、图表作文(with tables or charts etc.) 4、情景作文 (with situation),题裁1:关于学习及校园生活 (52%),My Ideal Job ( 1994. 6) Getting to Know the World outside the Campus (1997.6) Reading Selectively or Extensively (1999.6) How I Finance
3、 My College Education (2000. 1),A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus (2001. 6) Student Use of Computers (2002. 6) A Campaign Speech (2005. 1) In Honor of Teachers on the Occasion of the Teachers Day (2005.6) 2009年12月 Create a green campus,Due Attention Should Be G
4、iven To Spelling （2010年6月）,2:关于社会发展变化的热门题材 (23%),Can Money Bring Happiness (1995. 1) Global Shortage of Fresh Water (1996.6) Harmfulness of Fake Commodities (1998.1) It Pays to Be Honest (2003. 1) Free admission to museums （2009年6月） Online Shopping （2011年 6 月）,3:关于常识、格言的题材 (27%),Changes in Peoples D
5、iet (1991.6) Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports (1992.12) Practice Makes Perfect (1997. 1) Do Lucky Numbers Bring Good Luck? (1998. 6)Dont Hesitate to Say “No” (1999. 1) Where There Is a Will There Is a Way （2011年12月）,按体裁分类,论说文 将近总数的80% 说明文 大约 5% Student Use of Computers Changes in Peoples Diet
6、 应用文体 大约5% A Letter to a Schoolmate A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus,记叙文 大约5% The Day My Classmate Fell Ill 描写文 大约5% A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction (2004. 6) An Eye-witness Account of a Traffic Accident (2003. 6) Note: 几种文体的综合,命题趋势）应用型写作可能会增加，注意图
7、表题）要求学生有观察问题，分析问题和解决问题的能力； ）要有用英语思维的能力,论说文,观点对比型 观点论证型 问题说明型,2006年12月 英语四级作文题目,许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会 但有些人提出取消春节晚会 我的看法,历年试题,94,6 My Ideal Job 95,1 Can Money Buy Happiness 98,6 Do Lucky Numbers Bring Good Luck 99,6 Reading Selectively or Extensively 00,1 How I Finance My Education,观点论证型,It Pays to Be Hones
8、t（2003年1月）,现象解释型,Free admission to museums （2009年6月）,Assessment Standard,Idea (to the given topic) Organization Coherence and cohesion Grammar Diction Format,评分标准,2分 条理不清，思路混乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分 基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语言错误。 8分 基本切题，有些地方表达不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，但语言错误较多，其中有少量严重语言错误。,11分 切题，表达思想清楚，文字
9、连贯，但有少量的语言错误。 14 切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误。,字数不够酌情扣分,累计字数90-99 扣1分80-89 扣2分70-79 扣3分60-69 扣4分50-59 扣5分50以下 最多的5分,各分数段范文 (Range Finders),2000. 1 How I Finance My College Education 1、上大学的费用（tuition and fees)可以通过各种途径解决。 2、那种途径适合于我。,1 We are in the college. The tuition and fees is very expensive. We
10、 can get it in many ways. Example we can through our parents get it. Also we can earn money out of class get it, and even we can through the school get it and so on. If you study hard and get a high score, the school will award you with money. You can also borrow it from school.But I would be better
11、 to earn money out of class. Because it can adapt me a chance which is doing something by myself. It let me know that the money is not easy earn. I should make good use of money. I must also study harder than others, because I lost my time of studying. So it let me able to make good use of time. Thi
12、s is just how I finance my college education.,( 5 points),2 Nowadays, if we can to go to college, well have to pay a big some of money. Its a problem to many students. Many ways can contribute to solve this problem. But the following ones may be the most effective. First, you can ask your parents fo
13、r help if they have nice careers. Another way to solve this problem is to apply for a bank loan. Finally, we can find a part-time job to get enough money.As to me, Im in favor of the second idea. My reasons of choice can be listed as follows: First of all, my parents are not rich enough to afford me
14、. Secondly, youll not have not enough time and enough energy to study after finishing the part-time job. Finally, Im sure that Ill get a nice job after graduation, then Ill be able to pay back the loan.Through above analysis, I believe that bank loan is my bet choice.,(8 points),3 After I came into
15、college, there is a question how I finance my college education. There are many way to solve the tuition and fees of college education. The most usual way is use the familys money. Most of the students get money from their parents. If someones family situation is not well, he can apply for loan to b
16、ank. The government will help the students like this. Other way is find a job through schools help. Of course, we still put study in the first place.In my opinion, I choose the way is to combine (I choose to combine) getting money from parents and working. On one hand, most of the education fees can
17、 be got from my parents. On another hand, I spend my spare time doing some jobs as private teaching. Through doing part-time job I can not only earn money but also obtain (accumulate) some social experience. Social experience is also very important to me (which is very important to my growth). This
18、is the way how I finance my college education.(11 points),4 Nowadays, tuition and fees for college are much higher than ever before. How to finance your college education has become a matter of concern for many. You can deal with it in many ways. You can get all the money from your parents. You can
19、apply for a loan especially set up for college students. You can also earn the money completely by yourself, doing a full-time job in summer or winter holiday. In addition, you can ask your parents for most of it and earn the rest in your spare time in college, by doing a part-time job.In my opinion
20、, I prefer the last way. Having acquired most of the tuition and fees from my parents, I neednt worry too much of the tuition and fees from my parents, I neednt worry too much about the money and can concentrate on my study; on the other hand, a part-time job in my spare time makes my campus-life co
21、lorful. I can make a lot of friends, improve my abilities and learn lots of knowledge. Therefore, I choose this way to cover my tuition and fees. (14 points),Individual And Pair Work,Step 1: Now examine on you own the sample writings carefully and give each writing a specific mark according to the s
22、tandards. Step 2:cross check your marks with your neighbors and compare them with each other. Step 3: Point out strengths and weaknesses. (8-10 mins.),Errors often committed by students,选词要求,准确贴切 明白易懂:避免生造词语, 方言俚语 形象生动:活用词义,词类 词语的感情色彩,选词 1.词不达意 A词义方面 Eating dumpling on the Eve of Lunar New Year is a
23、 national habit in China. B词义和词性 reason & cause C固定搭配 We profit from your proposals. We hope our proposals will profit your business.,2.遣词漏字 The living standard in coastal areas is three times high as in the inner areas. 3.赘词 I will return back as soon as possible.,造句,指代: Many students want to get a
24、 very good job that can bring someone much money and reputation. 修饰:With television, people can get information that comes from other parts of the world immediately. 一致: College graduates take a good position, a handsome salary and a satisfactory working condition into consideration when they chose
25、a job. 平行: TV has informative and educational function, and it is very entertaining.,断句: TV becomes an important part in our daily life. Because we cannot live without it. 连词: The air in the countryside is fresh, many people like to live there. 搭配: Nowadays, the traffic in big cities is getting more
26、 and more crowded. 汉语化: Recruit you as our new bloodkicking the football,成段,1.主题不明确 无主题句,全段泛泛而谈, 不着边际,颠倒主题句和拓展句的关系,层次不清. 2.衔接不当 不善于灵活使用连接词语,不善于参照前后,重复关键词,不善于使用同义词,不善于使用从属连词 First, second, plus 3.有悖逻辑 句意不连贯,主次颠倒,Summary of errors,Idea (to the given topic) Organization Coherence and cohesion Grammar D
27、iction Format,其它问题词汇量有限与用词不准确eg. After China opened its door to the outside world, Chinese people have more opportunities to touch (x) foreigners. 应改为：_ 学习知识 learn (x) knowledge 应改为：_,母语思维与母语干扰Renting a room, you will be living under the house owners eyes. 应改为：_. How to express the following in Engl
28、ish? 面试（） 大风 （） 彩票（） 活到老，学到老（）交通工具（） 休息室 （）under ones nose,英语写作困境,考生在写作时面临一些困境和问题,主要有以下几点,一、滔滔不绝“意识流”二、无话可说真难受 三、真情流露没必要 四、英语表达憋得慌 五、处于被动危害大,如何提高写作水平？,大量阅读 2) 大量背诵一些经典段落或句子并有意识地模仿 3) 扩大词汇量（要多查词典） 4) 学习一些写作知识（包括如何开头，如何结尾，如何论证，如何做到衔接和连贯，如何措辞，如检查等）5) 多做笔头练习（这点至关重要）,如何提高写作水平？ 1) 大量阅读（读书，看报）e.g. 如何表达有些人另
29、外一些 人还有一些人 People spend their weekends in various ways. Some go to the mountains to hike, ski, or just relax. Others prefer the beach to enjoy the seashore activities and to get a suntan. Still others like to relax by staying home and reading a good book.,最适宜居住的城市：Americas most livable cities are Sa
30、n Francisco, Boston and New York造句：经过我们的努力，北京将会被建成一座世界上最适宜居住的城市,他的数学在班上名列前茅 His mark in math is second to none in the class. 习惯成自然 Habit is a second nature. 顺其自然 Let nature take its course.,2) 大量背诵一些经典段落或句子并有意识地模仿：Like all important relationships, intimate friendships take work. They require us to o
31、pen ourselves up, to trust, to share, to compromise, even to sacrifice. They involve caring enough for another person so that her or his welfare becomes as important to us as our own, and caring enough to go far out of our way to render help when it is needed. (From Friendships),The biggest threat t
32、o our environment today is the way we, as human beings, see our environment. How we see our environment shapes our whole world. Most of us see everything as independent from one another. But the reality is that everything is part of one interconnected, interrelated whole.,3) 扩大词汇量（要多查词典）important/si
33、gnificant/ of great importance/ vital/ essential happy/glad/joyful/ excited/ecstatic/joyous show/convey/display,注意搭配，例如：sbs attention is on sb./ sth.pay attention (to sb/sth.)turn ones attention to sb./sth. keep sb.s attention close/ careful attention attention to detail may/could I have your attent
34、ion? During the lecture Sarahs attention began to wander.,4) 学习一些写作知识（包括如何开头，如何结尾，如何论证，如何做到衔接和连贯，如何措辞，如检查等） 5) 多做笔头练习（这点至关重要）,写作顺序,审题 确定文章的中心思想 列提纲 确定体裁和写作方法 拟订主题句 草稿 修改,篇章,篇章的组成 Introduction - Body - Conclusion由于四级作文对布局的要求是三段式，同学们在写作中就应该注意这种三段式结构，于第一段中引出话题，从而提出主题，中间用一段到两段的篇幅采用举例、列举或比较的方式论证或说明自己的观点，
35、于结论处或重述主题、或归纳总结照应首段，或提出问题的解决方式等。,More and more often we hear people say, “The world is getting smaller and smaller!” （首段提出主题） The first reason for that is we are now having more and more advanced transportation. From bicycles to private cars, from steam locomotives to electric locomotives, from airp
36、lanes to rocket planes, the highly developed transportation has greatly shortened the distance which seemed too far to cover. Another reason is that in this modern society we need to contact frequently with each other. Every day we must deal with a lot of people known or unknown to us to have our wo
37、rk done, and the rapid development of traffic transportation makes our frequent contact possible. （中间论证主题） So we can reach the conclusion that the world will get smaller and smaller with the development of our society.（结论重述主题）,开头段的写作,谚语法,由于谚语一般已经被大家所接受，用谚语提出自己的观点也容易被读者所接受。 As the saying goes, “Money
38、 makes the mare go“, but there are many things we cant buy with money, such as time and true love. ,引语法,“Just as eating without liking harms the health, learning without interest harms the memory and cant be retained.“ From Vincis words we can see how important it is to motivate the students in lang
39、uage learning.,定义法,定义法是通过对文章中的关键词做一些简单或正面或反面的解释，限定其范围，这样比较有利于引出主题。 “Practice makes perfect“ is an old saying. It tells us that it does not matter if we are clumsy at doing something. As long as we keep on trying and practicing, we will do a good job in the end.,提问法,通过提问一个或一连串的问题，可以激发读者的兴趣，从而引出主题。 a.
40、 Do you have many friends? Are they similar to you or different from you? Which kind of friends do you prefer? b. What is a good student? Different people may have different answers to this question.,概括法,概括法指先总结文章内容所涉及的现状，然后引出主题。 In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the I
41、nternet has come into more and more homes and is playing a more and more important role in our work and daily life. It has become a must to us, but at the same time, Internet has also brought with it a lot of problems.,对立法 对立法是指文章一开头列举人们对所讨论的问题所持的不同观点然后提出自己的观点。Suppose you were offered two jobs, one
42、is highly-paid but rather demanding, the other is less demanding, but poorly-paid, which would you prefer? ,调查法,为了得到读者的认可，文章的开始可以引出调查数据等，借以提出主题。 According to a recent survey by China Daily, about 15% percent of college graduates have difficulties finding a job after their graduation, and the number
43、seems to be increasing.,综合法,具体写作时，同学们没有必要拘泥于一种方式，可以将上述方法总和起来。 首段示例： 题目：Is Stress a Bad Thing for A Job? “I cant stand the pressure and competition,“ explained one friend of mine when asked why he decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently. My friend may have his o
44、wn reasons, but I dont think his decision is wise in reality.,就这一标题而言，根据所提示的提纲，首段的写作还可以采用下列方式：,1) According to a recent survey, in the last few years, quite a number of young people have chosen to quit their demanding but highly-paid jobs. Although they may have their own respective reasons, I dont
45、think their decision is wise in reality. 2) Which job do you prefer, a highly-paid but very competitive position or a poorly-paid but also less demanding job? You may choose the latter and have your own reasons, but I dont think this choice is wise enough whatever reasons. 3) Faced with a hard and d
46、emanding task, peoples attitude varies widely: some try to avoid it and others regard it as a challenge to their abilities. In fact the choice we make between “flight“ or “fight make the difference between leaders and mediocrities(平庸之辈).,结论段的写作,结论一般采用归纳概括、主题重述或提建议等方式。 常见的方式有： 1） 重述或总结主题 重述主题指于结论处以另外
47、一种表达方式重申主题，与首段照应。 Families offer us warmth and care. Friends give us strength and horizon. They both help us understand the world as it is. Both of them are the dearest parts in our life.,2） 提出建议 Since postcards do us more harm than good, since we have many other ways to convey our feelings and prom
48、ote our friendship, I hope everyone will take actions now to stop using postcards. 3） 概括总结 As we can see from the above, living in the suburb we can stay away from pollution, lead an easy leisure time, and neednt invest too much money, so I prefer living in the suburb to living in the city.,4） 引用名人名
49、言 In particular, I enjoy what Francis Bacon said “Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability.“ 5)综合法 与首段一样，结论段也可以是多种方法的综合。一般说来，总结加建议的比较多。,尾段示例,如“网络“的结论段可以如下所示： As we all know, the next century will become one of the Internet. Internet will become more and more important in both our dail
50、y life and our work. So I suggest that schoolchildren should start using the Internet. So I think schoolchildren not only can start using the Internet, but also should start using it They are sure to benefit a lot from the internet. Internet can help our children know the world, get useful informati
51、on and enrich their knowledge. So I think schoolchildren can start using the Internet. In a word (In conclusion/ In summary/ To sum up / In short), the Internet is playing a more and more important role in our life and it is helpful for childrens growth both physically and mentally. It is better for them to start using the Internet as early as possible.,
