1、雅思阅读基本功难句过关：分词分词难句列表1. A homeowner can get hurt trying to use the wrong kind of extinguisher on an electrical fire.2. Bolenciecwcz was staring at the floor, trying to think, his huge hands rubbing together, his face red.3. Facing the Atlantic, it is on the northeastern coast of the United States, an
2、d most of the city is built on islands.4. He sat in front of them, dressed in a plain, ill-fitting suit, never moving, his dusty face masking his age.5. Freed from TV, forced to find their activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset.6. Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in
3、 England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. 7. He had never been to school or university but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty he was a skillful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, France, and En
4、glish.8. The materials used copper, stainless steel, concrete and glass- give the building a striking beauty.9. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it.10. But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing
5、 voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say.11. Registering for classes, becoming familiar with the buildings on campus, buying books, adding and dropping classes, and paying fees are confusing for everyone.12.
6、 Spending all their time working to a rigid curriculum, the passing of examinations by their pupils gradually became the whole object of their working life.13. Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience i
7、n teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.14. They also bring together in one display a group of object drawn from various parts of the museum in an effort to represent the whole life-style of a region or a historical period.15. The problem is how museums can continue to serve as storehouse
8、s for treasures while encouraging public to enjoy visiting them.1.A homeowner can get hurt trying to use the wrong kind of extinguisher on an electrical fire.结构全句只有 1 个谓语动词：can get。句子主干是：A homeowner can get hurt。trying to use the wrong kind of extinguisher on an electrical fire 是一个现在分词结构，在句中作条件状语，修饰
9、谓语动词. Try to do something 是一个固定用法，表示“ 试图，试着做某事” 。翻译如果业主在电气火灾中使用了错误的灭火器，可能会受伤。2.Bolenciecwcz was staring at the floor, trying to think, his huge hands rubbing together, his face red.结构全句只有 1 个谓语动词：was staring。trying to think 是一个现在分词短语作伴随方式状语，表示主语 Bolenciecwcz 在 staring 的同时还在 trying to think。同时，后面的两个独
10、立主格结构 his huge hands rubbing together 和 his face red 也是伴随方式状语。翻译伯伦西维茨盯着地面，试图思考，他搓着大大的双手，脸色通红。3.Facing the Atlantic, it is on the northeastern coast of the United States, and most of the city is built on islands.结构全句有 2 个谓语动词：is 和 is built。整个句子由两个完整的单句组成。句首的现在分词短语 Facing the Atlantic 在句子中作方式状语。翻译它面临大
11、西洋，坐落于美国的东北海岸线，其城市的大部分建设在岛屿上。4.He sat in front of them, dressed in a plain, ill-fitting suit, never moving, his dusty face masking his age.结构全句只有 1 个谓语动词：sat。句子主干是：He sat in front of them。dressed in a plain, ill-fitting suit 是过去分词短语作伴随状语，而 never moving 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示主语在 sat 时的伴随状态。同样，独立主格结构 his dus
12、ty face masking his age 也是伴随状语。翻译他坐在他们前面，穿这一身朴素的不合身的衣服，纹丝不动，满面的风尘遮住了他的实际年龄。5.Freed from TV, forced to find their activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset.结构全句只有 1 个谓语动词：might take。句子主干为：they might take a ride。Freed from TV 和 forced to find their activities 是两个过去分词短语，在句中作条件状语。翻
13、译如果不看电视又不得不另找些活动，他们可能会一起骑车去观日落。6.Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. 结构全句只有 1 个谓语动词：are employed。句子主干为： Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed。其中，maintaining，renewing the old roofs 和 thatch
14、ing newer houses 是三个并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语。As well as 表示并列。翻译目前有 800 名全职茅屋匠人在英格兰和威尔士工作，进行维修，翻新旧屋顶并且还盖新的茅屋顶。7.He had never been to school or university but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty he was a skillful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, France, and Engl
15、ish.结构全句有 4 个谓语动词：had been，had studied，was和 was。全句由三个并列的简单句组成。he was twenty 是一个由 by the time 引导的时间状语从句。其中句末的现在分词短语 speaking Swedish, Russian, German, France, and English 作伴随状语，对 excellent linguist 进行解释说明。翻译他从来没有上过中学或大学，但是他都是自学的。到 20 岁时，他已经是一个很熟练的化学家，一个优秀的语言学家，会说瑞典语，俄语，德语，法语和英语。8.The materials used c
16、opper, stainless steel, concrete and glass- give the building a striking beauty.结构全句只有 1 个谓语动词：give。句子主干是：The materials give the building a striking beauty。其中，过去分词 used 作为后置定语修饰 materials。现在分词 striking 作定语修饰beauty。破折号之间的并列的名词结构是 materials 的同位语，起补充说明作用。翻译使用的这些建材铜，不锈钢，水泥和玻璃等给这个建筑物增添了一种夺目的魅力。9.After al
17、l, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it.结构全句有 2 个谓语动词：was 和 chose。句子主干为：eighty was a special birthday。Another decade 是 birthday 的同位语，后面的 lived or endured 是过去分词作后置定语修饰 decade。最后是 as 引导的状语从句。翻译毕竟，八十大寿是一个特殊的生日，是又生活了十年还是忍受了十年全凭你选择怎么去看待了。10.But at
18、 least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say.结构 全句有 2 个谓语动词：would distinguish 和 deserve。句子主干是：they would distinguish the organizationsfrom
19、the organizations that。其中，entitled to a continuing voice 是过去分词短语作为后置定语修饰第一个 organizations。其后是一个复杂的介词短语，其主干是 in the dialogue withabout。that 引导的定语从句修饰第二个 organizations。并且，还应注意到整句话的主要结构：distinguishfrom。翻译 但是，至少他们会分辨出哪些组织有资格与研究机构继续进行对话，就科研活动中的动物的权力发表意见，而哪些组织不应进行这种对话。11.Registering for classes, becoming
20、familiar with the buildings on campus, buying books, adding and dropping classes, and paying fees are confusing for everyone.结构全句只有 1 个谓语动词：are。值得注意的是这一句话的主语是 5 个并列的动名词短语：Registering, becoming familiar, buying books, adding and dropping classes, and paying fees。并且，在系动词 are 后的 confusing 是一个现在分词形式，具有形
21、容词的性质，意为“把人搞乱的，令人糊涂的”。翻译到班里注册，熟悉校园内的建筑，买书，选课还有交费这些事把每个人都弄糊涂了。12.Spending all their time working to a rigid curriculum, the passing of examinations by their pupils gradually became the whole object of their working life.结构 全句只有 1 谓语动词：became 。句子主干为：the passing of examinations became the whole object。
22、句首的现在分词短语 Spending all their time working to a rigid curriculum 在句子中作原因状语。注意 the passing of examinations 表示通过考试，其中 examinations 应该是passing 的宾语，这种结构很常见，如：the hunting of the animal 等。句子末尾的 working 是现在分词作为形容词修饰 life，表示“工作生活”。翻译他们把自己的全部时间都用于按照苛刻的课程表进行授课，学生能通过考试已经渐渐变成他们自己授课工作的全部目标。13.Being very short of
23、money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.结构全句有 3 个谓语动词：applied，did 和 were。其中主句的是：applied 。句子主干为：I applied。句首的并列的现在分词短语 Being very short of money 和 wanting to do something
24、 useful 作原因状语，fearing 实际上是一个伴随状语，as I did so 是 as 引导的一个时间状语从句。that 引导的是 fearing 的宾语从句。翻译由于手头很缺钱，同时也想干点儿有用的事，我就提出了申请，但在申请时我也担心，自己没有文凭也没有教学经验，得到这份工作的希望是很渺茫的。14.They also bring together in one display a group of object drawn from various parts of the museum in an effort to represent the whole life-styl
25、e of a region or a historical period.结构全句只有 1 个谓语动词：bring。句子主干为：They also bring together a group of object。其中，过去分词短语 drawn from various parts of the museum 作为后置定语修饰 a group of object。句子后半部分的介词短语 in an effort to是句子的目的状语。翻译他们还聚集了一批来自博物馆的各个部分的展品，放在一场展览中展出，力图展示代表了一个地区或一个历史时期的生活方式。15.The problem is how m
26、useums can continue to serve as storehouses for treasures while encouraging public to enjoy visiting them.结构 全句有 2 个谓语动词：is 和 can continue。句子主干为：The problem is how。how 引导的是一个表语从句。其中，现在分词短语 encouraging public to enjoy visiting them 作为伴随状语，表示 museums 在 continue 的同时还能够 encouraging。翻译问题是博物馆怎样既能起到珍品宝库的作用，同时又能公众乐于参观。
