1、Grammar,-subject,句子的定义句子是包含主语和谓语部分的一组词。它有一定的语法结构和语调，用以表达一个比较完整的独立的概念。句子开头第一个字母要大写，句子末尾要有句号、问号或感叹号。 e.g. You are going to graduate next summer.What makes you feel uneasy?How cold is it today!,句子的种类和类型句子按用途可以分为四种类型。1)陈述句用以陈述事实e.g. The daisy is a common flower in English fields. I dont care what she th
2、inks.2)疑问句用以提出问题e.g. Your friend is in America, isnt he? When shall we meet again?3)祈使句用以表示命令、请求等e.g. Have a good sleep and think it over. Listen carefully in the class.4)感叹句用以表示各种强烈的感情e.g. What a moving story! The weather will drive us crazy!,句子按其结构可分为四种类型。1)简单句由一个主语部分和谓语部分组成 e.g. The cause of the
3、fire is a cigarette-end.He asked to see the chief of the tribe.2)并列句由两个或两个以上的分句组成 e.g. Cotton is falling in price, and buyers hold off. 棉花正在降价，但买主仍犹豫不决。Henry prefers strawberry pie, but his wife always bake apple pie.,3)复合句由主句和其他分句组成e.g. I have to hurry to the station (before the last train leaves).
4、 He was an oldish man (who wore thick glasses).4)并列复合句含有复合句的并列句e.g. The ad said (that the coat was on sale for $20, but it was actually $22). I asked a man who has a wife and three children who did the cooking in the house and he replied that whoever came home from the work first did it.,(),( ), ,()
5、,句子的成分句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子的成分。总的来说，句子皆由两大部分组成。一是句子的主语部分，一是句子的谓语部分。 e.g.,The Peoples Republic of China was born in 1949.,主语部分,谓语部分,但句子的成分要比句子的两大部分更加明确具体，可分为主语、谓语（或谓语动词）、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、独立成分等。,The weather was quite nice.,主语,系动词,状语,表语,Unfortunately, he had his watch stolen.,独立成分,主语,谓语,宾语,宾补,词类：实词可作为句子
6、成分 虚词不可作为句子成分实词包括名词、代词、数词、动词、形容词和副词等虚词包括冠词、介词和连词,Subject 主语,主语是一个句子的主题，是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可作为主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。1. 名词用作主语 e.g. A tree has fallen across the road. Little streams feed big rivers.,2. 代词用作主语 e.g. You are not far wrong. He told a joke but it fell flat.3. 数词用作主语 e.g. Three is enough. Fou
7、r from seven leaves three.,4. 名词化的形容词用作主语 e.g. The disabled should be treated equally.Old and young marched side by side.5. 副词用作主语 e.g. Now is the time. Carefully does it.,6. 名词化的介词用作主语 e.g. The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come. 我们必须承受人生之沉浮。7. 不定式用作主语 e.g. To find your way can be a p
8、roblem.It would be nice to see you again.8. 动名词用作主语 e.g. Smoking is bad for you.Watching a film is pleasure, but making one is hard work.,9. 名词化的过去分词用作主语 e.g. The disabled are to receive more money.The deceased died of old age.10. 介词短语用作主语 e.g. To Beijing is not very far.From Yanan to Nanniwan was a
9、 three-hour ride on horseback.,11. 从句用作主语 e.g. Whenever you are ready will be fine.Because Sally wants to leave doesnt mean that we have to.12. 句子用作主语 e.g. “How do you do?” is a greeting.,主语可以由一个以上的名词或代词等构成，这种主语可唤作并列主语。 e.g. He and I are old friends.The chairs and the desks belongs to the school.英语还常将表示时间、地点的词用作主语。 e.g. Today is your last lesson in French.Tiananmen Square first saw the raising of our five-star red flag on October 1st, 1949.,
