1、名词性从句,Unit 1Breaking records,语序问题,特殊句式,引导词的区分,种类,名词性从句,1.What life will be like is difficult to predict. 2.Some people feel that Wales is an ancient fairy land.3. The news that the plan would take off on time made everybody happy4. His suggestion is that we should go there together.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同
2、位语从句,I 名词性从句的种类,II语序问题,1.The photographs will show you _ （NMET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news .A. how he was excitedB. how was he excitedC. how excit
3、ed he wasD. he was how excited,3.He asked_for a violin.（NMET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid,归纳: 名词性从句的语序1、名词性从句都用陈述语序，即把引导词放在从句开头，后边采用“主语+谓语”结构。,2、感叹句变为宾语从句，也应用陈述语序。You dont know how happy they were to see each other.,.名词性从句的连接词,一、主语从句,连词that(无词义
4、, 不作成分, 不能省略);whether(是否),不用if.That he will come and help us is certain.Whether we will succeed is still a question.,注意: 已确定的事由that引导; 没决定的事由whether引导.,3.连接副词when(ever), where(ever), why, how(ever), how long, how often, how soon, how far等.,When the test will be given is not yet decided.How long we w
5、ill discuss must be agreed on.,2. 连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which, whichever, how many 等.,What he is has nothing to do with you.Whose ticket this is has not been found out.,It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.（MET92） Awhile B.that Cif Dfor,特殊句式,_ breaks the law will be pu
6、nished.A WhoB WhoeverC No matter whoD Anyone,特殊句式,whoever=anyone who,Can you understand them? It is well- known/ reported/ thought/ believed/ felt/ said/ that It is clear/necessary/certain/true/ doubtful/ that It is a pity/a shame/an honor/ that It seems/appears that It (so) happens that It doesnt m
7、atter whether,为了使句子保持平衡，常用_来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到_，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。,归纳,it,后面,二. 宾语从句,1. 由连词that 引导: that 常可省略。,He realized (that) he had made a mistake.,注：并列第二个以上的宾语从句,或有插入语时不能省略that.),He said （that）he had finished reading this novel and that
8、 he would borrow another one.,用it 作形式宾语, that引导的真正的宾语从句放后面时, that 不省略.,Our professor thought it important that we should read widely.,2. 由wh-(where, what, who, how, when,whether等)引导词引导。,We dont know where he lives.He told me how he used the computer.They didnt know whether their parents would come t
9、o the class meeting.,1. 介词后的宾从.Everything depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.2. whether or not的宾从.I dont know whether or not shell like it. 3. 复合不定式只能用whether. Tell us whether to go or stay here.,whether 与if 有时可以换用，但下列情况只能用whether.,归纳,宾语从句须注意1.语序:使用陈述语序;2.呼应:时态呼应;3.引导词:陈述句用that,一般问句用if或whether,特
10、殊问句用原疑问词;4.语气:虚拟语气,句子涉及insist; order, command; suggest, advise, propose; ask, demand, desire, require; necessary, important, natural, a pity等.,三. 表语从句,表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同. 但: 1. that引导表语从句时不能省. 2. if不能引导表语从句应使用whether; 3as if可使用。,The news that another power station will be built cheered all the vil
11、lagers. Word came that man had landed on the moon.,四. 同位语从句,同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, word,promise,truth,belief, thought, idea,view,idea,answer, information, knowledge, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion； doubt, problem, puzzle等后面, 用以说明或解释前面的中心名词.,注: 1. 同位语从句多用that 引导,2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.
12、,I have no idea where he lives.I have no idea when he will come.I have no idea what he did.,1. that 与 what 2. if 与 whether 3. who 与 whoever what 与 whatever,IV引导词的区分,I. 在下列各句空格中填入what 或that： 1. _ you are doing seems very difficult . 2. _ Tom will refuse the offer is unlikely . 3. _ the prisoner escap
13、ed by the back door is quite clear . 4. He is greatly interested in _ the teacher teaches . 5. They will be very thankful for _ you can give them . 6. The student always pays attention to _ the teachers say .,What,That,That,what,what,what,that 和 what二者都引导这些从句，主要区别在于：that是连词，在从句中既不充当成分又没有意义 The fact
14、is that he hasnt yet recovered from illness. The reason why he has to go is that his mother is ill in bed.what是连接代词既起连接作用，又充当句子成分。What he said at the meeting made us surprised.,1）_ you dont like him is none of my business. （S 92) A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether,高考题选萃,2)_ he said at the meeting ast
15、onished everybody present. ( 93) A.What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 3) Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is - not ever. ( s2002） A. that B. which C. of which D. what,2.用if 或whether 填空,1._the company will buy her a mobile phone has not been decided.2.The question is _ he will
16、help us3.I worry about _I hurt her feelings .4.I wonder_ he will attend the meeting or not.,Whether,whether,whether,whether/if,4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.5. _ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.,whether,Whether,If,2.if 和 whether下列
17、情况用whether而不用if:1)引导主语从句（位于句首）、表语从句、同位语从句时；Whether well go to climb the hill depends on the weather.The question is whether it is worth doing.The question whether we need it has not been decided.2)做介词的宾语时；Im worried about whether he can arrive in time.,3)引导宾语从句紧跟or not 时；Please tell me whether or no
18、t you agree.4)与不定式连用时，只能用whether;I dont know whether to accept or refuse.5)动词discuss 后引出的宾语从句；Lets discuss whether we shall go by plane.6)宾语从句本身是否定句时；I dont care whether he doesnt come.,注意：在条件状语从句中，表示“如果”时，用if不用whether.,1._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.( 92) A. Whe
19、never B. If C.Whether D.That 2._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B.Whether C. That D.Where,高考题选萃,3.选择填空（what,whatever,who,whoever,1._ was said here must be kept secret.2. _we need is more time.3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.4._ breaks the law will be pu
20、nished.,Whatever,What,Who,Whoever,whoever, whatever, whichever等既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，语气比较强,而 no matter 加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。另外what, who引导名词性从句,但是语气比较弱.,归纳who,whoever/what,whatever ?,1._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.(s99)A.Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever,高考题选萃,2. Sarah hopes
21、to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A.anyone B. whomever C.whoever D.no matter who,3.These wild flowers are so special, I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever,4. It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants.（NMET97） A. however B. wha
22、tever C. whichever D. whenever,5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.（MET88） A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who,VI 巩固练习,1.The question is _ the film is worth seeing Aif Bwhat Cwhether Dhow 2.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right Athat what BWhat that Cthat Dw
23、hether,3.Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I cant remember_. Awhere Bthere Cwhich Dthat 4.Energy is _ makes things work Awhat Beverything Csomething DAnything,5.The reason _ I have to go is_ my mother is ill in bed A. why ; why B. why ; because C. why ; that D. that ; because 6.He doesnt think the question of _ they are men or women is important A. whether B. if C. which D. why,7.It was ordered that all the soldiers _ to the front A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go 8.Air is to us_ water is to fish A. that B. whatC. which D. that,
