1、The Predicative Clause表 语 从 句,Definition,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 That the earth turns around the sun is known to all. I want to know whether (if) he has passed the chemistry. The trouble is that he has never done the work before. The news that the plane would take off on time m
2、ade everybody happy.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Predicative Clause,在复合句中做表语的从句，叫做表语从句。它位于主句的系动词am , is, are, was, were, seem, look, taste, remain等之后，对主语进行解释，说明，使主语的内容具体化。,The question is who will do it.,表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。,The question is who will do it.,The question is difficult.,（ 表 ）,表语从句,（ 表 ）,可接表
3、语从句的系动词有：,1. be2. feel, seem, look, appear, sound, taste, smell3. stand, lie, remain, keep, stay4. become, get, grow, turn, go, come, run, fall5. prove, turn out,1. 这个故事听起来像是真的。The story sounds true.,2. 他似乎知道这件事。He appears to know this.,例句：,3. 这些桔子很好吃。These oranges taste good.,1. This is an English-
4、Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. My job is to teach you English. 5. The question is who will do it.,2. 表语从句的构成,主语 + 系动词 + 引导词 + 简单句,This is why he did it.,表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。,His suggestion is that we should stay calm.,That is why she was late.,引导词,引导词,（系动词）
5、+,引导词 +,简单句,（主语） +,What I want to say is that I am tired,主语 + 系动词 + 引导词 + 简单句,观察思考：,指出句子成分,Henry was an American businessman.,Henry met an American businessman.,主语,表语,主语,谓语,宾语,（及物动词）,连系动词,1.从属连词as, as if / though引导的表语从句,He looked just as he had looked ten years before.,It sounds as if someone is kno
6、cking at the door.,他看起来还与十年前一样。,听起来好像有人在敲门。,引导词的用法（一）,as if/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。 e.g. It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.,主语+连系动词（look /seem /appear）+that/as if从句,as if, as though 引导的表语从句,*as if/as though引导的表语从句如果是事实，就用陈述语气，如果
7、与事实不符，就用虚拟语气(主句一般现在时，从句就用一般过去时，be变成were。主句是一般过去时，从句用过去完成时)。It looks as if he were her own father.(与事实不符)Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if its going to rain.,because,because引导表语从句通常用于“This/That/It is because”结构中。而且主语一般不用reason。 My anger is because you havent written to me for a long time.,Why
8、 were you absent from the meeting ? Was it because you were ill? 你为什么不来出席座谈会？是病了么？,引导词的用法（二）,that, why 与 because 引导表语从句时的区别,三者均可引导表语从句，但 that 没有词义，而 why 和 because 有自己的意思；另外，前者强调结果，后者强调原因。如： The reason was that you dont trust her. 原因是你不信任她。 The fact is that they are angry with each other. 事实是他们生彼此的气。
9、 He was ill. Thats why he was sent to the hospital. 他病了，所以被送到医院来。 He was sent to the hospital. Thats because he was ill. 他被送到医院，是因为他生病了。,例句：,(1) Thats because he didnt understand me.,(2) Thats why he got angry with me .,那是因为他不理解我。,那正是他对我生气的原因。,(强调原因）,（强调结果）,连接代词who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whate
10、ver, which, whichever,连接副词where, when, how,(1) The problem is who we can get to replace her.,(2) The question is how he did it.,(3) That is where he was born.,问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。,问题是他如何做此事的。,那就是他出生的地方。,where, when, why, how引导的表语从句 连接副词where, when, why, how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。Thats whe
11、re I cant agree with you.This is why Sara was late for the meeting.This is how they overcome the difficulties.My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.,what 在表语从句中充当_ 表示_.1. The question is what caused the accident. 2. That mountain is no longer what it used to be . 3. What he told
12、 you was what had been discussed at the meeting.,主语、宾语或表语,什么，什么样子，或所的（人或事）,引导词的用法（三）,who 在表语从句中充当_表示_. The problem is who could do the work 2. My trouble is who (whom) I can turn to.,主语、宾语或表语,谁,引导词的用法（四）,which 在引导表语从句时,常充当_表示 。如：I read about it in some book or another,but what I dont know is which (
13、book) it is.,定语,表语,其中哪一个,引导词的用法（五）,1. that 1) that 在从句中不担任句子成分，无实际意义，一般不能省略 2)在表“建议，劝说，命令”的名词idea, suggestion, request, proposal 等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”（虚拟语气），should可省略 My opinion is that its getting better and better. My suggesstion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.,引导词的用法（一）,名词主语+be
14、+that引起的表语从句,主语名词常常是 表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact, truth 表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦的名词，如：idea, opinion, belief, view, news, advice, feeling, suggestion, plan, trouble, question, problem,1.The fact is that our team has won the game. 2.The truth is that she was the very person we are looking for.,填空: The reason why we didnt
15、trust him is _ he has often lied,reason 做主语时，表语从句只能用that引导, 不能用why 引导。句型结构为：The reason (why/for)is /was that.The reason is that,that,The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning （当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because）,他早上来晚的原因是他晚了一分钟而没赶上火车。,whether在表语从句中表 ,但不充当句子的成
16、分。if 引导表语从句.如: 1.What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 2. The question is whether it is worth doing.,“是否”,不能,引导词的用法（五）,四. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句,在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形“ 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan等。,My
17、suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.,表语从句引导词注意事项,1. that引导表语从句时不能省. 2. if不能引导表语从句. 3. 除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。 4. 除that, whether外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分,5.表语从句中，从句用陈述句语序,小结：,1. 表语从句的构成:,引导词+简单句,2. 引导词:,连词that, whether, as ,as if,连接代词who, what, which,连接副词when, where, how ,why,3. 3个注意点:,if 不引导
18、表语从句,主语为reason时，引导词用that,语序,例题1：The question is _ we will have our sports meeting next week. A. that B. if C. when D. whether,D,注意点1：if 不能引导表语从句,例题 2： The reason why he failed is _he was too careless. A. because B. that C. for D. because of,B,注意点2：主句主语为reason, 只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.,用because, tha
19、t, why填空,1、The reason was _ the heavy rain prevented him from coming. 2、The reason _we didnt trust him is that he has often lied. 3、It is _ he has often lied，so that we didnt trust him.注意点3：reason后的定语从句可以用why/that引导，because一般用于it/this/that+从句句型中。,that,why,because,注意点4： 如果从句是特殊疑问句，用陈述句语序,The problem
20、is _to take the place of John. A. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get,C,1. Go and get your coat. It s _you left it.A. where B. there C. there where D. where there 2. The reason why he hasnt come is _. A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being ill
21、C. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill,A,C,3. That is _ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what 4. _your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are,C,D,1. The question is _ we will
22、have our sports meet next week. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s _you left itwhere B. there C. there where D. where there,4The problem is _to take the place of Ted A. who can we get B. wh
23、at we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get5. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us. that B. if C. whether D.不填6. The reason is_I missed the bus. A. that B. when C. why D. what,7.The problem is_ he has enough time. A.if B.whether C./ D.that 11.He made a promise_ he would help me. A.what B.when C.that D.which 8.I remember_ this used to be a quiet village. A.how B.when C.where D.what 9.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants. A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever,B,C,B,B,
