1、语法复习专题形容词和副词1、形容词、副词的作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike 、alone、asleep、awake、alive 等）作定语，定语后置。如 a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如 well、fain
2、t、ill 只作表语。sick 既可作表语又可作定语，ill 如作定语意为“bad” 。（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词 one、no、any 、 some 和 every 构成的复合词如 anything、something 等时，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you.（4）else 常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。（5）enough 、nearby 修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough 修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。（6）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间。如：We had a g
3、ood time together outdoors last Sunday.（7）频度副词如 often、always 、usually 等在 be 动词后，行为动词前。（8）副词作定语，定语后置。如：The person there is waiting for you.（9）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A ）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（大小） + shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose （目的）+ 名词。如：a heavy black Chinese ste
4、el umbrella,the mans first tow interesting little red French oil paitings（10）以-ly 结尾的词性辨析。下列单词以-ly 结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely 等。表愿意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：deep 深 wide 宽广 high 高 low 位置低deeply 深入地 widely 广泛地 highly 高度地 lowly 地位卑微有无-ly 意义大不相同的副词：de
5、ad 完全，绝对 be dead asleep deadly 非常 be deadly tired pretty 相当 be pretty certain that prettily 漂亮地 be prettily dressedclose 近 Dont sit close. closely 密切地 Watch closely! late 晚、迟 arrive late, come late lately 最近 I havent seen him lately(recently). 2、复合形容词的构成（1）形容词 + 名词 + edkind-hearted 好心的，white-haired
6、白发的(2)形容词 + 形容词red-hot 炽热的，dark-blue 深蓝的（3）形容词 + 现在分词good-looking 好看的，easy-going 随和的（4）副词 + 现在分词hard-working 勤劳的，fast-moving 快速转动的（5）副词 + 过去分词hard-won 得来不易的，newly-made 新建的（6）名词 + 形容词life-long 终生的，world-famous 世界闻名的（7）名词 + 现在分词peace-loving 爱好和平的，fun-loving 爱开玩笑的（8）名词 + 过去分词snow-covered 白雪覆盖的，hand-mad
7、e 手工的（9）数词 + 名词 + edfour-storeyed 4 层楼的，three-legged 3 条腿的（10）数词 + 名词（名词用单数）ten-year 10 年的,two-man 两人的3、形容词和副词的比较等级（1）原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：Xiao Wang is as tall
8、 as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so (as)high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one.（2）比较级的用法。对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：This picture is more beautiful than that one.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如： This room is less be
9、autiful than that one.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如 even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay 等修饰。如：He works even harder than before.注意：英语的比较级前如无 even、still 或 yet 等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更” 。如：She is better than she was yesterdayPlease come earlier tomorrow.He is by far the taller
10、 of the two brothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语） ，the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语） ”的结构（意为“越越” ） 。如：The harder he works, the happier he feels.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.4.最高级的用法。三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hard
11、est in his class.最高级可被序数词以及 much、by far、nearly 、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like 等词语所修饰。如：This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.How much did the secon most expensive hat cost?5.倍数表达法。（A）A is three(four, etc.
12、)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高） 。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍） 。（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲比欧洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher,
13、 longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用 times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用 twice 或double.6.形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常” 。如：He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)The film is most interesting.(most=very)表示两者间“较的一
14、个”比较级前加 the。如：who is the older of the tow boys?在“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构中。在 same 前一般要加 the。有些形容词前加 the 成为名词。如 the poor、the rich 等。7.由 as / so 组成的形容词或副词短语。 as much as + 不可数名词数量。Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.as many as + 可数名词数量 多达I have as a many
15、 as sixteen referrence books.as early as 早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.as far as 远到；就而知（论）We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.As far as I know（就我所知） ，he has been there before.may (might, could)as well 不妨、不如Then you might as well stay with us here.
16、as as can be 到了最的程度，极其They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。as as one canHe began to run, as fast as he could.as as possibleJust get them to finish up as quickly as possible.8.so that 与 such that 的区别。so + 形容词 / 副词 + that so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + t
17、hat such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that 注意：a.下列结构中只能用 so 不可用 such,当名词前有many、much、little、few 等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples 等。b.但当 little 表示“小”时用 such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress themselv
18、es.下列 so 的用法是错误的：so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather。c.too、also、either:too 和 also 用于肯定句，too 多用于口语，also 多用于书面语，either 用于否定句。d.good、well:与 good 不同的是，well 作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好” ，也作副词修饰动词。练习高考通关：形容词与副词 50 题 从 A、 B、C、 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The students who are not _ with
19、the progress they have made in the study will have greater success.A. proud B. afraid C. popular D. content2. My new house is very _ for me, as I can get to the supermarket to buy some everyday goods in five minutes.A. adaptable B. available C. comfortable D. convenient3. There has been a _ increase
20、 in the teachers salary in recent years.A. temporary B. key C. significant D. wide4. My grandfather is as _ as a young man and he hates sitting around doing nothing all day.A. energetic B. enthusiastic C. talkative D. sensitive5. He is very _ about his chance of winning a scholarship this year.A. op
21、timistic B. optional C. outstanding D. obvious6. The secretary asked _ to write their questions on a piece of paper and send it to the front.A. the present members B. the members presentlyC. the members present D. the presently members7. When she got her first month salary, Alice bought _ dress for
22、her mother.A. a cotton blue expensive B. an expensive blue cottonC. a blue expensive cottonD. a cotton expensive blue8. _ to take the course must be the top students in the grade.A. Brave enough those B. Enough brave thoseC. Those enough brave D. Those brave enough9. The Dongfeng company has produce
23、d _ it did last year.A. twice more trucks as B. twice as many trucks asC. twice as much trucks as D. as twice many trucks as10. When you drive in the busy street, you cant be _ careful.A. very B. too C. so D. much11. Why did she spend too much time searching shop after shop only for a skirt?Oh, beca
24、use she was very _ about her clothes.A. anxious B. curious C. particular D. worried12. The Education Ministry suggests teachers should receive _ education to catch up with the _ development.A. farther; late B. farther; later C. further; lately D. further; latest13. How was your final exam?Oh, I coul
25、dnt feel _. I easily found proper answers to most of the questions on it.A. better B. easier C. worse D. harder14. The pretty girl seemed a _ waitress.Of course, each of us in the restaurant always felt _ with her good service and smiles.A. pleased; pleased B. pleasant; pleasant C. pleasant; pleased
26、 D. pleased; pleasant15. Of the two, I would prefer _ camera, which is very easy for me to carry.A. the small B. the smallerC. a small D. a smaller16. The letter also pointed out that Chinese people, though keen on foreign festivals, _ know anything about the culture behind them.A. few B. hardly C.
27、little D. not17. There is _ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _?A. little; some B. little; any C. a little; some D. a little; any18. Nowhere have I seen _ beautiful valley. There are small rivers, flowers and trees everywhere.A. a more B. the more C. the most D.
28、 a most19. Are you feeling _ now?Yes. Much happier than ever and I have become thinner and thinner since I joined the health club.A. rather well B. more better C. quite good D. any better20. I know this is not quite a suitable word, but I cant be bothered to think of _ one.A. a better B. a best C. t
29、he better D. the good21. We cant get the machine to run. There must be _ with it.A. something wrong serious B. something seriously wrongC. something serious wrong D. something wrong seriously22. He spent several hours in the wind and snow, _.A. coldly and hungrily B. being cold and hungryC. in cold
30、and hunger D. cold and hungry23. There was silence. “Poor Henry,” he said at last, _ to himself than to anyone else.A. better B. louder C. more D. clearer24. Most members of the drama club, though shy in real life, are quite _ once they get on stage.A. delighted B. dynamic C. nervous D. calm25. How
31、is everything going on with you in Europe?Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped, _.A. though B. instead C. either D. too26. Im finally _ to sit down and do some stuff on the computer today.A. so well B. well enough C. so good D. enough good27. I tried hard to get some information about the new tech
32、nology out of his mouth, but he remained _.A. quiet B. secret C. silent D. calm28. Because of the heavy snow, many parts of the countryside are only _ by helicopter.A. available B. appropriate C. accessible D. achievable29. What you said was true. It was, _, a little unkind.A. moreover B. therefore
33、C. but D. nevertheless30. John picked us up in his car, _ his dads car which hed borrowed.A. wherever B. or rather C. namely D. that is31. You dont see the professor from Singapore quite often, do you?No, we only meet _.A. eventually B. constantlyC. occasionally D. frequently32. The policemen went i
34、nto action _ they heard the alarm.A. suddenly B. hurriedly C. quickly D. immediately33. The advanced examination is more difficult, and not many students can progress _ far.A. such B. that C. more D. very34. If you are _ about Australian cities, just read the book written by Dr. Johnson.A. intereste
35、d B. anxious C. upset D. curious35. Progress so far has been very good. We are, _, confident that the work will be completed on time. A. however B. besides C. though D. therefore36. Mr. Smith said that their first trip to the seaside town was _ one, but their second one was even more interesting.A.
36、the most interesting B. very interestingC. a most interesting D. a more interesting37. As is known to all, the Chinese Space Agency has developed the _ successful Long March rocket series.A. highly B. heavily C. even D. much38. _, these books fail to meet the needs of my children.A. Luckily B. Mostl
37、y C. Funnily D. Disappointingly39. In what way do you think Amy will use her new electric bicycle?She will use it _ for going to work.A. mostly B. nearly C. most D. almost40. When we think of communication, we _ think of using words, talking face to face, writing messages, and so on.A. shortly B. pr
38、obably C. practically D. normally41. Richard doesnt eat pork, but _ that, hell eat just about anything.A. more than B. less than C. better than D. other than42. The number of fans present at the football match was _ than expected, so there were many tickets left.A. much more B. much larger C. much s
39、maller D. many more43. He has not got another job yet, and it is not _ that he will for some time.A. likely B. easily C. nearly D. lonely44. Who is in charge of the money, Tom or his wife?They have always kept their money _ and use their own bank accounts for personal expenses.A. alone B. carefully
40、C. together D. separately45. She doesnt speak _ her friends, but her written work is excellent.A. as well as B. as often asC. so much as D. as good as 46. The central government will always and _ support Hong Kong in promoting its economic development.A. surely B. firmly C. formally D. commonly47. H
41、arry treats his secretary badly.Yes. He seems to think that she is the _ important person in the office.A. hardly B. least C. less D. most48. Theres _ little chance of supporting _ little children in such a poor family.A. so; such B. so; so C. such; so D. such; such49. _ the male are more beautiful
42、than the female in the world of animals.A. Almost B. Properly C. Usually D. Actually50. On Teachers Day, we all went back to our old school _ to see our teachers.A. especially B. specially C. particularly D. attentively参考答案： 1-5 DDCAA 6-10 CBDBB 11-15 CDACB 16-20 BAADA21-25 BDCBA 26-30 BCCDB 31-35 CDBDD 36-40 CADAD41-45 DCADA 46-50 BBACB
