1、图表类作文,图表题的五种类型,Note:图表题和议论文最根本的差异就是图表题是客观性写作而议论文是主观性写作。,常用动词词汇： 上升：increase， rise ，grow, soar,shoot up e.g: the number of population increased/ ascended/ mounted to(by) 下降： decrease ，fall ，drop ，descend ，decline ，reduce ，plunge e.g: the number of population decreased /declined to(by) 平稳：remain stabl
2、e ，steady，gradual,stay/remain/maintain/keep/be the same e.g: the number of population mounted and leveled off at 7 millionthe number of population stayed stable at 5 million 波动：fluctuate ，rise and falls up and down e.g:the number of population fluctuated between 2 and 10 million 最高点：reach the peak,
3、reach the highest point, reach the zenith e.g: the number of population reached the peak at 8 million 最低点：reach the bottom e.g: After decreasing, the number of population bottomed out at 4 million. 占据：occupy， take up ，account for 表复苏：recover, bounce back e.g:the number of population recovered from 2
4、 million,常用形容词和副词变化程度 abrupt(ly),sudden(ly),dramatic(ally),drastic(ally),sharp(ly) quick(ly),rapid(ly),marked(ly),significant(ly) considerable(considerably),substantial(ly),moderate(ly) gradual(ly),slight(ly),enormous(ly), vast(ly),图表时间的表达： 1.in + 月/年 2.between and 3. from to 4. over the period from
5、to 5. in the year between and 6.in the 3 years spanning from 2001 through 2004 7.for the first 3 months 8.for/during/over the next/ following 6 months 9.for/during/over/in the of 4 months 10.for/during/over/in a 4-month period 11.over/for/during the same period 12.from then on/ from this time/ point
6、 onwards/since then 13.by the year of 14. after/before+年/月,一、如何描述数据的上升或下降 一般来说，有两种句式表达数据的上升或下降。 描述对象+表示增长或减少的动词+程度副词+数据+时间点 There was a + 表示程度的形容词+表示增长或减少的名词+数据+时间点 Example: The birth rate in China increased steadily from about 10 percent in 1920 to just over 15 percent in 1935, followed by a sharp
7、decline to nearly 5 percent in 1940. There was a steady increase in the birth rate in China from about 10 percent in 1920 to just over 15 percent in 1935,followed by a sharp decline to nearly 5 percent in 1940.,句子演练： 1.根据图表中的数据，教师的人数从1960年的500万急剧下滑到1962年300万。 a. According to the figure, there was a
8、sharp decrease in the number of teachers from five million in 1960 to three million in 1962. b. According to the figure, the number of teachers decreased dramatically from five million in 1960 to (no more than) three million in 1962. 2. 1979年之后，牛肉和羊肉的消费状况分别急剧下降到大约100和55斤。 a. After 1979,the consumpti
9、on of beef and lamb fell dramatically to approximately 100 and 55 grams respectively. b. After 1979, there was a dramatic decline in the consumption of beef and lamb to approximately 100 and 55 grams respectively.,二、如何描述数据变化的总体趋势 a. 描述对象+shoed a/an upward/downward trend +from+具体数据+时间点+to+具体数据+时间点 b.
10、描述对象+experienced a fall/rise + between +具体数据+时间点+and+具体数据+时间点 Example: As can be seen from the line graph, the consumption of hamburgers showed an upward trend from about 90 grams in 1970 to nearly 550 grams in 1990. By comparison, the consumption of fish and chips experienced a steady fall between
11、just over 300 grams in the 1970 and 200 grams in 1985, followed by a slight increase to approximately 230 grams in 1990.,句子演练： 1.离婚的数量呈下降的趋势，从1990年的140万下降到2000年的100万。 a. The number of divorces experienced a downward trend from 1.4 millions in 1990 to 1 million in 2000. b. The number of divorces expe
12、rienced a fall between 1.4 millions in 1990 and 1 million in 2000.,三、如何排序 表示总量第一或占比例第一+at +具体的数据+followed by 排名第二的对象+表示占比例的词或词组+具体数据 表示总量第一或占比例第一+at+具体数据, while 排名第二的对象+表示占比例的词或词组+具体数据 Example: It is clear from the pie chart that individuals should take the largest proportion of the costs of each co
13、urse, at 40%, followed by the employers, accounting for 35 %. Besides, the taxpayers constituted 25%. However, peoples preference in 1995 changed a lot. It is surprising that 27% of them started to play computer games, while 11% stopped talking with their family.,描述排序会用到的词或词组 表示排名第一的方式： Be on the to
14、p of the list Take the first place Rank the first 表示占据比例的词： Account for, constitute, take up 表示比例的词： Percentage, proportion, share,四、如何表示比例 . was 20 % of . was one fifth of. was 20 % as many/ much as increased/ fell by Example: The electricity produced from hydropower in Norway was 108.7 billion kw/
15、h, which was almost 99% of the total in this country. However, in 2000, the proportion of marriage fell by approximately 11%, while that of those who were never married rose by nearly 5 %.,五、如何表示对比 By contrast, / By comparison Compared with sth,. while A similar pattern was repeated for A sharp cont
16、rast was illustrated in On the contrary, Contrary to.,句子演练： 1.从图表中可见，受到雇佣者支持的26岁以下的人所占比例最大，大约为60%，而那些26至29岁的人居第二位，所占比例大约为50%。 As can be seen from chart, people under 26 received the largest proportion of support from the employers, at more than 60 %, while those who were 26 to 29 took the second pla
17、ce, at over 50%. 2.与披萨饼的消费情况相比，低收入人群似乎更喜欢汉堡包。 Compared with the consumption of pizza, people in low-income group seemed to enjoy more hamburgers.,开头段：写12句 改写原题增加单词、删除单词和替换单词,The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.Summarise the
18、information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.,替换单词show,describe/ illustrate/ demonstrate/ summarise/ outline/ indicate,proportion,percentage,categories,kinds/ types,families,households,families living in poverty,poor families,首段翻译练习： 图表中显示了1992年从十月到十二
19、月在英国年龄在4岁以上的电视观众的比例。 The graph shows (relates) the percentage of television audiences over 4 years old in the UK over the period from October to December in 1992. 2. 图中数据表明了在2002年5个不同国家全国消费者开支的比例。 The figures provide information about the proportions of national consumer expenditure in five differen
20、t countries in 2002.,3. 图表中显示了随机抽取的五个国家在1982年的生活水平。 The table presents the standard of living in five selected countries in the year 1982. 4. 图表中显示了从1900至2000年世界范围内的用水总是的变化。 The graph describes the change in the amount of water used worldwide from 1900 to 2000. 5. 以上两个表格通过对比高学历与低学历对失业机率的影响的差异，表明了教育背
21、景对于就业的重要性。 The two tables indicate the essentiality of educational background to employment by comparing the distance on incidence of unemployment between the highly educated and the men with low education.,图表引入数据 with 引导数据 Saturn is the second largest planet after Jupiter, with a diameter nearly te
22、n times that of Earth. China is the worlds most populous country, with a population of more than 1.4 billion. 实战演练： 拥有博士学位的人工资最高，但只占调查总人数的2.5%。,People/Employee in Doctor degree are highest-paid, with a percentage on 2.5 of the total.,分词作状语 1.The consumption of chicken showed an upward trend, exceedi
23、ng/ overtaking/ outnumbering that of lamb in 1980. 2.Young populations had a high-than-average smoking rate, followed by the mid-aged.,实战演练： 拥有博士学位的人工资最高，但只占调查总人数的2.5%。 People in Doctor degree are highest-paid, accounting for 2.5 % of the total.,括号的使用 With regard to government spending on education,
24、 there was a sharp reduction during the fied year-long period (223 million in 1989 versus 110 million in 1994). Couples generally tended to be better off, with lower poverty levels for couples without children (7%) than those with children (12%).,主体段： Several reasons, in my opinions, can be identifi
25、ed to account for this phenomenon. The reasons for this trend may involve Obviously, there are a number of reasons can be identified to explain this trend. As far as I am concerned, the fundamental reason for this trend is that It is evident that the causes of the present phenomenon are.,Several rea
26、sons, in my opinion, can be identified to account for this phenomenon. To begin with, compared with those with comparatively lower education degree, people who have received higher education possess considerably wider knowledge, more remarkable learning and research ability, greater innovation and m
27、ost of all, resourceful social network, all of which are essential to a high-income work. Also, the higher ones education degree is the bigger platform he will have to show his ability. For example, his college, university, or research institute will organize various job fairs for them to communicat
28、e face to face with employers.,Peoples opinions about investment in education differ from person to person. Some people say that knowledge could no longer change destiny. To them, it is not only a waste of money, but also a waste of time. Others deem that education is worthy of investment. As for me
29、 it is no doubt that education offers favorable working opportunity and handsome income, which enable us to buy what we want ,please what we love, and fulfill what we dream, and correspondingly we are able to build an ideal paradise where life can be enjoyed to the uttermost.,Ample reasons can accou
30、nt for the issue of Education Pays，the following one might be the most critical .For the majority of young people, they have been always considering the education as a bothering thing to do or not a opportunity that can add color to the dull routine of every day life.So, they want to get a job as ea
31、rly as possible. But, as matter of fact, as the picture described, the people who have learned more earn more than others. And, in the picture, the ones who have the doctoral degree earn more XXXX than the ones who have only a degree as bachelor.,写作常用同义词替换 动词 解决：,resolve, combat, tackle,破坏：,undermin
32、e, jeopardize, devastate,增进： improve,enhance,保护： protect,preserve,认为：think, believe, hold, deem, maintain, argue, assert, declare, advocate, claim, be convinced that, insist, contend, state,买： buy,purchase,培养：cultivate, foster, nurture, boost, shape, form,develop,忽略：neglect, ignore,overlook,改变：chang
33、e,alter, transform,丰富，扩大 enrich, expand, broaden, widen, deepen 引起，导致 cause, trigger, give rise to, bring about, result in, lead to, contribute to 恶化 worsen, deteriorate, aggravate 不同意 state the objection to, disapprove, vote against, be against 关注，首要任务 pay attention to, give priority to, attach imp
34、ortance to, put in the first place, place stress in, give weight to 充满 be filled with, be teemed with, be replete with 基于 based on, derived from,名词 人类 优点，好处 缺点，坏处在当代 观点名声，名誉 老人 城市居民 年轻人 工作，职业 污染,the human race, humanity, man humankind, human beings, mankind benefits, pros-cons, advantages, boons, me
35、rit, positive aspect, favorable aspect banes, disadvantages, demerit, weakness, drawback, con, negative aspect, unfavorable aspect, bane in contemporary society, in present-day society, in this day and age, at present, currently, nowadays, recently, these years opinion= perspective, standpoint, view
36、fame= prestige, reputation, eminence the old, the elderly, the retired, senior citizen, old people city residents, urban dwellers, local inhabitants the young, young people, youngster, youths, adolescents employment, profession, occupation pollution, contamination,形容词： 有害的 harmful, detrimental, pern
37、icious, adverse, baneful 有好处的 conductive, beneficial, helpful, advantageous, profitable, rewarding 丰富的 abundant, ample, plentiful 普遍的，随处可见的 common, universal, ubiquitous, prevalent 贫穷的 impoverished 富裕的 affluent, wealthy, prosperous, 重要的 crucial, critical, vital, essential, primary, fundamental, radical 吸引人的 appealing, attractive, absorbing 不可思议的 unbelievable, inconceivable, incredible 著名的 famous, distinguished, eminent 贪婪的 greedy, rapacious, voracious,
