1、新闻报刊文体翻译,新闻文体,新闻文体的功用：-to provide information-to make a comment 新闻文体的分类:soft news-娱乐性的hard news-严肃性的 新闻文体的惯用布局： -标题（headline） -导语（lead） -正文（body） -结语（conclusion）,Politics and government Disasters Crime and courts Business Strikes, demonstrations and disputes War and terrorism Environment Celebrities
2、 Sports Entertainments,新闻报刊词汇特点 多短小精悍的新闻词语-以节省时间和篇幅 banprohibition woo-to persuade shock-astonishment cutreductionbarprevent moveplan, decision boost （rise, increase） clash （disagreement） deal （business agreement） freeze （stabilization）,新闻报刊词汇特点,报刊词汇特点 1.新奇（novelty ，eyecatching） 夸张、典故、隐喻、俗语、生僻词 造词：
3、Derivation supercrat (bureaucrat in the highest position 高级官员）,moneywise (with regard to money 在金钱方面） splitsville (the situation where a couple are about to enter the state of holy divorce 处在正式离婚边缘的夫妇） haves and have-not（富人和穷人） anti-: 反传统的，反 anticulture antihero,-aid: 救助，赞助 Band-Aid Fashion-Aid Kurd
4、-Aid Sport-Aid . friendly: 有助于的，有利于的， 支持/同 情的 customer-friendly 考虑客户需要的 environment-friendly Labor-friendly 有利于环保的 支持工党的,ism: 歧视 ageism lookism wise: 讲到，在某方面，从某种观点看，至于 strategywise weatherwise rentwise Timewise, Ive reached the age of 70, but ideawise or outlookwise, Im still 50 or less.,b. Composit
5、ion thumbsuck 安抚 youthquake 美国六十年代青年运动狂澜c. Clipping Reaganomics: Reagan-economics Ameritocracy: American-aristocracy attrified: attrition-atrophied 长期消耗而萎缩的,d. Sense-shift streetwalk （to walk without an effort as if window shopping in the street 毫不费力地走过场） upper: a stimulant drug 一种麻醉药 throwaway: was
6、teful,2. Sense of togetherness 体育、军事、商业、科技、文学、娱乐 A package deal is impossible on each of these four battlefields. The intermezzo between the first and second session of the conference steering committee was in any sense unpredictable. It is even less certain that the Congress would back him in a sho
7、wdown with Mr. .,3. Figure of speech 简约、趣味性、典故 Wineswomanship 妇女酗酒问题 Entrepreneurs 创业者发迹史 The liberals golden oldies 自由派的金牌老朽们 Tokyos Own Gang of Four 日本的“四人帮”,大量使用新闻套语 well-informed source（消息灵通人士） no comments（无可奉告） on the brink of a breakthrough（即将取得进展） according to（eyewitness, AP reports, sources
8、concerned, etc.）（据目击者，美联社，有关方面等） with guarded reserve（持审慎态度） on the brink of a breakthrough（即将取得进展） quoted as saying （cited as saying）（援引的话说） in response to allegation in The New York Times（就纽约时报的提法发表评论） Not so, not yet（不置可否） preferred not to be identified（不愿透露姓名的）,使用缩略词,以节省篇幅 TMD（Theater Missile De
9、fense）战区导弹防御 biz （business) WB（world bank） ISDN （Integrated Services Digital Network） 综合业务数字网 memo （memorandum） AIDS （Acquired immure Deficiency Syndrome） mod （modern），Lab （Labor） Lib （Liberal），nukes （nuclear weapons） heliport （helicopter airport） NATO （North Atlantic Treaty Organization） SALT （Stra
10、tegic Arms Limitation Talks） 限制战略武器会谈,unisex hijack Jazznik Euromart Masscult blacketeer atobomb showdown knockout Zen macho,男女共用 劫持 爵士乐迷 欧洲共同市场 大众文化 黑市商人 原子弹 摊牌 击败 禅宗 男子气概,新闻标题的结构,短语作标题 1.1 中心词(head word)+后置修饰语（post-modifier）Bill Clinton to Appear on TV (The New York Times)Climbers Safe and Well (T
11、he Times)Alaskan Oil for Japan? (The Times).2 前置修饰语（premodifier）+中心词The Color Lines (International Herald Tribune)译文：比尔克林顿将在电视上露面（纽约时报）登山运动员安然无恙（泰晤时报）阿拉斯加的石油将供应日本（泰晤时报）肤色界限 （国际先驱导报）,新闻标题的结构,2. 句子作标题 2.1 完全句（complete sentence） US Budget Calls for Dollar Devaluation (IHT) 美国预算要求美元贬值 Arafat Walks out o
12、f the Jordan Peace Talks 阿拉法特退出约旦和谈 2.2 非完全句（incomplete sentence） When police hide behind the shield of the law 警察用法律当盾牌的时候 Peking to fire test rocket to South Pacific 中国将向南平洋发射试验火箭,新闻英语标题的特点 succinct, eyecatching and novel,常常省略冠词，连词，助动词 Lives Just Begun Fell Victim to Aids The lives which had just
13、begun fell victim to AIDS 译文：刚刚开始的生命便沦为艾滋病的牺牲品 标点符号的运用 常用逗号代替连词and 例：UN, Iraq Talk on Refugee Aid 译文：联合国和伊拉克谈判援助难民问题 常用冒号表示解释和引起读者注意；代替“be” 例： Shoppers Tell Gorbachev: The Shelves Are Empty 译文：购物群众告诉戈尔巴乔夫：货架空空,Chinese Cooks: Masters at Turning Turnip into Flower 中国厨师技艺佳 掌中萝卜雕成花破折号引出说话者 World Unity a
14、gainst Terrorism Needed Blair 布莱尔说：全世界需加强联合，共同反对恐怖主义,新闻英语标题的特点,用一般现在时代替过去时用动词不定式代替将来时 US announces economic restrictions against Yugoslavia. 美国宣布对南斯拉夫实行经济制裁。 Chinese leader to visit India. 中国领导人将出访印度。 US hostage to be freed in swap. 美国人质将在人质交换中获释。,新闻英语标题的特点,用过去分词表示省略被动句，现在分词表示进行时 Military Aircraft M
15、ade Available for Evacuation 军用飞机用于疏散工作Petrol bomb found outside Conservative Club 保守党俱乐部外面发现一枚燃烧弹Sarajevo awaiting a change of image 萨拉热窝在等待形象的改变,新闻英语标题的特点,标题中的修辞 ) 头韵或尾韵 Sterling strong 英镑坚挺 Hopes of the weak and the meek 软弱者和胆小者的希望 2) 对比 Best of Times, Worst of Times 美好时代与艰难岁月,新闻英语标题的特点,）重复 Spend
16、, Spend, Reagan to Stop 花钱，花钱，里根必将住手 4) 俚语 $10,000 a man for American dogs of war in Yugoslavia 美国雇佣兵到南斯拉夫卖命，一人，英镑 ）新词 Stagflation in Moscow 莫斯科面临滞涨问题 ）比喻 Slow lane is safest on currency issue 在货币问题上，走慢车道最安全,37 killed in Italian Plane Crash Mother , Daughter Share Fulbright Year Three Dead After Inh
17、aling Oven Gas Moscows Food Prices Soaring UKs Oldest Person Dies in 115 Largest Chinese Trade Delegation to Visit US in Nov Deposits, Loans Rising in HK Journalist Fired in Spy Debate Yes, Big Harvest It Brings Big Troubles for Farmers,意一飞机坠毁 三十七人遇难 富布莱特奖揭晓 母女同获年度奖 炉灶煤气未关 三人窒息死亡 莫斯科食品价格暴涨 英国第一寿星逝世
18、享年115岁 中国经贸代表团定于11月访美 阵容强大规模空前 香港储蓄与贷款节节攀升 涉嫌间谍案纠纷 记者被炒鱿鱼 农作物喜丰收 农场主苦担忧,Features of expressions 新闻词特点,Expressions with extended meanings (旧词新义) For most large foreign companies, a Chinese presence is only a small part of world investment. presence= investment Also, confirm that a school truly offers
19、 the full range of courses youll need to complete your degree at a distance, “Some institutions grossly exaggerate their online presence”. presence= course,Working for President Ronald Reagan, Mr Bush was a silent and subservient vice president, a former rival who gave himself the task of proving hi
20、s loyalty by staying in the background and never speaking out when his beliefs differed from those of his boss. In his own White House, Mr Bush is encouraging a different chemistry with the man who has taken his place. chemistry=relationship,Polysemy (一词多义) Agenda 1. 动机；偏见 hidden agenda 2. 打算；计划 pri
21、vate agenda 3. 事情 My agenda for today starts will be cleaning out the cellar.,The Republican Party has lost its mind. To win elections, a party needs votes, obviously, and constituencies. First, however, it needs ideas. In 1994-1995, the Republican Party had after long struggle advanced a coherent,
22、compelling set of political ideas expressed in a specific legislative agenda.,Bottom line 1. 最终结算额，损益数字，利润额或亏损额 AT&Ts incentive to bypass the local phone companies derives from the bottom line: it must pay local phone companies about 50 percent of its revenues in so-called “access charges” to comple
23、te its long-distance call, over their local loops. 2. 总开支，全部花费，花费总数 The bottom line is expected to reach nearly 2 billion dollars when all the bills are in, including some 20 million for the presidential race alone.,3. 底细，底牌，底线 Why didnt you give me the bottom line right away?4. 最根本的利益 Whose bottom
24、line is your insurance company concerned about?5. 最重要或最基本想法，最终的目的 Theres a lot of things happening in the Middle East. But the bottom line is to get Iraq out of Kuwait.,The former White House intern repeatedly implied that she possessed compromising information about Clinton, which was, if publicize
25、d, liable to harm his re-election for presidency. The man was lured by a bar girl to a nearby house and secretly filmed in a compromising position with the woman. The committee ruled that it was justifiable for government to outlaw pornographic magazines and films if it could show that the materials
26、 “degraded” women, thus compromising their equality.,这名前白宫实习生多次暗示，她掌握着有损克林顿名誉的负面材料。该男子被一吧女诱骗到附近一所房子里。他与那女人在一起的时候，被人偷偷摄下了有损其形象的镜头。该委员会裁定，假如政府能证明这些色情刊物和电影“有辱”妇女人格，由此损害了她们的平等地位，那么政府查禁这些东西就是完全正当的。,Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade. Companies with a big staff in Beiji
27、ng find themselves squeezed between high operating costs and shrinking business. 失业人数居高不下，已持续十多个年头了。 在北京，员工队伍庞大的公司出现了运行成本高、业务量不断萎缩的局面，举步维艰。,Metonymy 转喻,A figure of speech that means the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another closely associated with it.,Silicon Valley: American Hi-
28、tech center in California Uncle Sam: a person American government; an American Washington: American government Whitehall: British government fat cat: The rich who are the main supporters of campaign Langley: CIA,Once the political chaff is dusted away, the mini- debate over Bosnia is instructive. Bo
29、th Bush and Clinton were saying the same thing. Bosnia:波黑战争,Synecdoche 提喻法,Synecdoche is a kind of rhetorical device which is the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part.,Examples of Synecdoche Daily bread is insufficient bread=food Legs could hardly keep up with tanks legs
30、=soldiers on foot All hands on deck returned on a ship hand=member of the crew on a ship The boss paid the workers $ 10 per head head=person China beats Canada at cricket China=the Chinese team,Euphemism,Euphemism is defined as substitution of mild or roundabout expression for harsh or direct one, t
31、he substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that suggests sth unpleasant.,Examples of Euphemism Hairdresser beautician Heart attack heart condition Housekeeper domestic help In debt in difficulties Mad emotionally disturbed Butcher meat technologist Die pass away/ go to sleep/
32、go to heaven/ depart Dismiss/sack lay off/east out suicidal attack one-way mission,Old the senior citizensfeeling ones agegetting on in yearspast ones primethe agedthe second childhoodthe sunset years poor nations the third world/ the developing nationsthe underdeveloped nations,新闻导语的特点,导语为新闻的第一句话，常
33、见的两种导语: 标签导语(label lead) 没实质内容,有一定的格式例：Beijing, January 1(Xinhua)-The following is the full text of The Peoples Dailys New Year Message:译文：新华社北京1月1日电,今天发表了新年祝词,全文如下:摘要导语(summary lead)说明该新闻的要点 （who，what, when, where, why or how）例： Four out of five asylum seekers flooding into Britain are bogus, a Sun
34、day Express investigation reveals.译文： 星期日快报的一项调查披露，在大量涌入英国寻求避难的人中是冒充的,新闻报刊句法特点,扩展的简单句（extended simple sentence) 定语、状语、同位语 思路清晰、层次与重心About 100 firemen were unable to prevent the blaze spreading to building beside the seven-storey ministry.,新闻正文的特点-句法层面(1),使用定语、状语、同位语、介词短语、分词短语等语言成分来扩展简单句 -为求得小篇幅，大容量
35、Eyewitnesses gave conflicting reports about the number of people injured in the blaze, which firemen suspect was caused by an electrical fault. 广泛使用直接引语间接引语 -增添真实性,生动性和客观性 One fireman said four people had been rescued from the ministry, suffering from minor injuries. “These things may seem kind of M
36、ickey Mouse” , says William.,新闻正文的特点-句法层面(2),常用的句型： 1. 以第三人称叙述 It has recently been brought home to us that. 最近我们痛切感到 It affords no small surprise to find that 对于，我们惊讶不已 It can be safely said that. 我们有把握地讲 It can not be denied that 无可否认 It will be seen from this that由此可见,新闻正文的特点-句法层面(3),2. 消息来源的常用句型
37、 According to military sources 据军方人士称 According to the sources in the White House 据白宫人士称 A source close to the Pentagon revealed 一位接近五角大楼的人士披露 Foreign wire services were quoted as saying 援引外国通讯社的报道,新闻词的翻译技巧 直译：忠实于原文内容，保留原文语言形式 mad cow disease 疯牛病 Internet bar 网吧 dispositional optimism comparison sho
38、p supersymmetry Gulf War Syndrome business tourism golden goal community care magnetic shift heartman,生性乐观 比较采购 超对称性 海湾战争综合症 商务旅游 金球 社区照顾 磁移位 换心人,By the time we finished the course, several significant pieces of information were already in the dustbin of cyberspace history which is being written in
39、nano-seconds. 当我们完成课程时，好几条重要的信息就已被扔进了网络空间历史的垃圾堆里了这一历史是以十亿分之一秒的速度来记录的。,That process may already be beginning, for Japans surplus has been tumbling for 20 consecutive months, and it could end up with something that a few years ago would have been regarded as more fanciful than a unicorn, a Japanese tr
40、ade deficit. 这个过程可能已经开始， 日本的贸易顺差20个月来连续下滑，其结果是产生贸易逆差 这种情况在几年前简直比虚幻的独角兽更令人难以想象。,Some state-owned restaurant offered slow and rude service, less than appetizing food and appalling toilets. Peasants now sell vegetables at moving prices determined by their supply and their customers demand. 有些国营饭馆通常上菜慢，
41、服务差，饭菜糟，厕所脏。 现在农民出售蔬菜，价格随行就市。,The Francophone Summit offered Chirac government an opportunity to protect French as an international language, a status it is steadily losing to English. 法语国家峰会时希拉克政府找到一个维护法语地位的机会。作为一种国际语言，法语的地位正日益受到英语的冲击。,意译：忠实于原文内容，形式上创新 “The Chinese market is a bottomless pit”, said
42、 the visiting Nike CEO here in Shanghai. 正在上海访问的耐克公司首席执行官说“上海的市场无限巨大。” An admixture of wealth, rivalry and instability has made the Middle East a brimming cauldron of the trade, accounting for a third of the worlds arms deals. 中东地区的富庶，加上哪里的冲突和动荡，使得该地区军火生意十分火爆，占到世界武器交易的三分之一。,Junes World Cup in Seoul
43、is a security nightmare for Japan as well as South Korea. Professor Wang was quoted as saying that his proposal had died a bureaucratic death. 六月份在首尔举办世界杯，其安全保卫工作不仅对韩国，而且对日本都构成了一个大难题。 据王教授说，由于一些部门的官僚主义，结果这份建议提上去后便石沉大海。,社论指出，领导干部要讲政治。 复旦大学学生会要求全校学生在餐厅文明用餐。Cadres should be politically aware. The stude
44、nts Union of Fudan University called on all the students to dine in the canteen in line with the rules and regulations.,The nights and days are perilously busy at emergency rooms everywhere. Over-burdened, understaffed and packed with patients suffering minor ailments, emergency rooms themselves hav
45、e become prime victims of the US healthcare problems. 各地的急诊室紧张繁忙，昼夜不停，已经到了要被压垮的边缘。 急诊室人手不够，工作超负荷，来看小毛病的人挤得满满的。美国的医疗保健问题不少，而首当其冲的就是急诊室。,释义或创新 Walkman 随身听 The thin, lightweight Discman lets you carry a tune without weighing you down. 轻薄型CD随身听让音乐轻轻松松伴随你。Being ignorant of laws and afraid of being expose
46、d to the public, they resorted to settling the matter out of court. 出于对法律的无知以及害怕公之于众，他们把这件事给私了了。,Clear or cloudy skies may continue for the next week in the city. The stock market is expected to bottom out at the end of this month. At least six people were killed and eight others injured in a six-ca
47、r pileup as a result of a head-on collision between a delivery lorry and a sports car driving on the wrong side of the road. 本市下周将保持晴间多云的天气。 股市可望本月末进入触底反弹阶段。 一厢式货车与一辆逆向行驶的赛车迎面相撞，致使6车发生连环追尾事故，造成至少6死8伤。,正反译法 您先请After you 油漆未干Wet paint 乘客止步Crew only 打八折Twenty percent discount When divorced fathers do n
48、ot have custody of their children and have little time to spend with them, discipline is the last thing they want to think about. 离婚后又对孩子无监护权的父亲们，难得有时间与自己的孩子相处，管教孩子是他们最不愿意去想的事。,A growing number of parents complain that children nowadays always live ahead of their salaries. The research find that you
49、ng women are heading for an early grave through smoking and lack of exercise. 越来越多的父母抱怨，现在子女的生活开销总是大得令他们入不敷出。 这项研究发现，由于抽烟和缺少运动，一些青年女性正踏上一条减寿之途。,转换 变词为句 定语，动作含义，过长宾语The heavy casualties from heavy rain and strong winds lashing the south coast England and Wales yesterday include five school girls and 12 men. 昨天狂风暴雨肆虐英格兰南部沿海和威尔士地区，造成重大人员伤亡，其中包括五名女学生和十二名男子。,
