1、第4讲说明文,专题二完形填空,栏目索引,说明文一般语言简练，按照一定的规律介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系等。常见的说明文有人物介绍、产品说明、解说词、实验报告、习俗介绍、节日介绍等。 说明文的文章多用现在时态，语言平实、准确；常采用客观描述；文章主题明确，层次分明。在解答说明类完形填空时注意下面的解题技巧：1.明确说明对象，理清段落联系：通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的逻辑联系，加深对说明对象的理解。,专题导读,2.弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度：在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对
2、说明对象进行有条不紊的解说。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意思。,返回,(2015重庆，B)Imagine the first days in a new time zone.Slow to respond to the 28 ，your body clock is confused.Youre sleepy all
3、day，but when its time for bed，you can hardly fall asleep.Obviously youre 29 jet lag(时差反应).Travelers have traditionally fought this 30 with sleeping pills or alcohol.There are actually healthier ways that can work just as 31 .,高考典例,For example，the moment you get on the airplane，start 32 your biologic
4、al block to the destinations time.If its daytime in your destination，try to stay 33 .Walking around the cabin(客舱) can be of help.When its nighttime，try to sleep.In that case，eat before the flight， 34 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping.These tips will help you start a new 35 of sleep and
5、 wakefulness.,语篇解读本文为说明文，讲述了应对倒时差的小诀窍。,28.A.flight B.change C.demand D.climate,解析根据空前面的a new time zone和下文黑白颠倒的细节可知，到新的时区环境等都发生了变化。,解析,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,29.A.suffering from B.working on C.looking into D.leading to,解析suffer from遭受；work on从事；look into调查；lead to导致。很明显，上文提到的不良反应是因为遭受到时差反应。,解析,28,29
6、,30,31,32,33,34,35,30.A.danger B.problem C.waste D.fear,解析旅客传统上会用安眠药和酒精对付这个问题。,解析,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,31.A.briefly B.slowly C.suddenly D.effectively,解析除了用安眠药和酒精，还有一些更健康和有效的方法。briefly简要地；slowly慢慢地；suddenly 突然地；effectively 有效地。,解析,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,32.A.checking B.sending C.adjusting D.stopp
7、ing,解析句意为：当你登上飞机的时候，你就要把生物钟调整到目的地的时间。adjust 调整，符合句意。,解析,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,33.A.awake B.alone C.hungry D.calm,解析句意为：你的目的地的时间是白天，你就应该保持醒着。,解析,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,34.A.though B.so C.while D.or,解析句意为：上飞机前应吃饭，否则空着肚子会让你睡不着。or否则，符合句意。,解析,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,35.A.understanding B.cycle C.resear
8、ch D.trend,解析这些方法能够帮你建立一个新的睡眠和清醒的循环。understanding理解；cycle循环；research研究；trend倾向。故选 B项。,解析,返回,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,跟踪训练,1Getting to work before it is light and leaving after it is dark during winter months can lead to serious mental health problems，a charity(慈善机构) has warned.Working without daily 1
9、 can result in feelings of depressions which may finally 2 into seasonal affective disorder (SAD)，Mental Health Research UK(MHRUK) said.The warning found that three in ten adults 3 before sunrise during the winter months and return home from work after 4 .The charitys survey of 2,000 British adults
10、also found that half were 5 that their workplace had little natural light.And almost one in ten said they had no 6 to natural light at all while at work.,Dr Laura Davidson，mental health lawyer and agent of MHRUK，said，“It is 7 that one million working hours are lost each year 8 SAD.” Employers need t
11、o have a better understanding of 9 important natural light is to good mental health.They have the 10 to ensure that work and study environments have 11 windows to flood the buildings with as 12 natural light as possible.Darker areas must be well 13 daylight bulbs(灯泡) to reduce the bad 14 of less lig
12、ht.,The charity hopes to raise 15 for SAD and depression during its annual campaign.On the third Monday of the month，workers are called upon to dress 16 in order to fight against “blue Monday”.Researchers say 17 the third Monday of January is the most 18 day of the year.The charity is 19 people to d
13、ress in colorful clothing to show the dilemma of those who 20 from the condition and to raise money for research into treatments.,语篇解读科学研究发现，在没有阳光的地方工作可能会导致情感上的压抑，出现心理健康问题。,解析,1.A.meals B.sunlight C.efforts D.motivation,解析在没有太阳光的地方工作可能会导致情感上的压抑。故选B。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20
14、,解析,2.A.search B.bring C.look D.develop,解析根据上下文的语境，可推断此处的意思为：可能发展成SAD。故选D 。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,3.A.exercise B.practice C.rise D.raise,解析根据下文的return home from work，可知此处与上述的句子形成对比，应该是“起来，起床”的意思，应选C。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,4.A.dawn B.per
15、mission C.sunset D.performance,解析从上文的before sunrise可推断此空格的词要与sunrise相对。并且第一段中的leaving after it is dark也是提示。故选C。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,5.A.amused B.surprised C.inspired D.concerned,解析根据对上下文的理解，可知半数人担心他们的工作场所有很少的自然光，应选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,2
16、0,解析,6.A.wish B.access C.approach D.entrance,解析have access to是固定搭配，意思是“可以达到，可以使用”。根据文意，知选B。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,7.A.evaluated B.hoped C.accepted D.suggested,解析evaluate评估，评价；hope希望；accept接受；suggest建议，暗示。根据句意，知选A。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,
17、8.A.as a result of B.regardless of C.instead of D.for lack of,解析as a result of由于；regardless of不管，不顾；instead of而不是，代替；for lack of缺乏。根据对上下文的理解，可知本句的意思是：据估计，由于SAD，每年失去一百万小时的工作时间。可知应选A。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,9.A.when B.where C.why D.how,解析根据对上下文的理解，可知此处所说的是：天然的日光对于精神的健康有多
18、么(how)重要。故选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,10.A.opportunity B.responsibility C.ability D.power,解析根据对上下文的理解，可知此句所说的是：雇主有责任(responsibility)保证工作和学习环境，应选B。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,11.A.abnormal B.wooden C.plastic D.abundant,解析根据对上下文意思的理解，可知作者一直都强调接触
19、自然的光对个人精神健康的重要性，因此雇主要保证员工所工作的地方要有足够的(abundant)窗子，故选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,12.A.much B.far C.long D.many,解析根据对上下文的理解，可知有足够的窗子就能保证有尽可能多(much)的自然光线，故选A。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,13.A.based on B.faced with C.equipped with D.focused on,解析be b
20、ased on以为基础；be faced with面对；be equipped with配备；be focused on集中。根据对文意的理解并结合各个选项的意思，可知本句的意思是：较黑暗的区域必须要配备好日光灯。应选C。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,14.A.consequence B.reflection C.reason D.influence,解析consequence后果；reflection反映；reason原因；influence影响。本句的意思是：较黑暗的区域必须要配备好日光灯以减少缺乏光造成的影响
21、。可知本题应选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,15.A.level B.awareness C.agreement D.collection,解析level水平；awareness意识；agreement同意，一致；collection收藏。根据对上文的理解，可知此处的意思是“提高这种意识”。应选B。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,16.A.brightly B.formally C.vividly D.naturally,解析根据下文
22、中出现的colorful clothing，可知此处应选A。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,17.A.what B.that C.who D.which,解析分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句，在从句中不缺少主干成分，根据句意，要用引导词that，可知应选B。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,18.A.exciting B.shocking C.depressing D.demanding,解析文章多处提到depression一词，结合文意，
23、知此题选C。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,19.A.waiting for B.searching for C.calling on D.counting on,解析根据上文中出现的“workers are called upon to dress”，可推断此空格中的词与call upon意思一致，故选C。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,20.A.escape B.recover C.depart D.suffer,解析escape fr
24、om从逃跑；recover from从中恢复；depart from离开；suffer from遭受。结合上下文的意思，可知此处应选D项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,2When was the last time you picked something up to read？You can 21 your answer on your lack of time if you must，but you are missing a lot of wonderful 22 of reading.Reading can 23
25、 peoples lives in some of the following ways： 24 and spiritually.Also，you can acquire 25 information and enrich your knowledge.Firstly，the activity of reading helps exercise your mind， 26 your mind begins to bend and flex(伸缩) mentally when reading.Just like taking physical exercise helps you keep sl
26、im， 27 reading routine ensures that the reading muscle stays in good 28 .Keep on reading，and what you need is a 29 to make reading a part of your life.,Secondly，reading can also improve your 30 to focus.Burying your head in a book can free you from your everyday troubles and 31 for a while.When the
27、mind is trained，it begins to focus on what you are doing 32 you can forget those unpleasant things.Thats why reading keeps you in good spirits.Thirdly，there is no greater 33 to getting information than through reading.You can 34 your mind greatly if you insist on reading.You can 35 the knowledge lef
28、t by those who came before you，which has 36 changed your lives.Nearly all successful people will tell you that they have learned 37 things by reading and there is at least one book that has greatly changed their lives.,In short，reading can help you to 38 a solid basis for your future，which will allo
29、w you to 39 many goals you have for your life.Reading 40 your success in the future.Start reading right now and youll make it.,语篇解读本文讲述阅读的好处，阅读能锻炼你的思维，提高你的注意力，获取更多的信息和知识并最终给你带来成功。,解析,21.A.concentrate B.put C.blame D.pass,解析concentrate集中；put 放；blame责备；pass通过。句意为：如果你必须这么做，你可以把你的答案归咎于缺少时间，但你错过许多阅读的好处。根
30、据语境可知选C项。,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,解析,22.A.aims B.motivations C.traditions D.benefits,解析见上题解析。benefit好处，益处，故选D项。,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,解析,23.A.present B.improve C.asse
31、ss D.prove,解析present呈现；improve提高；assess 评估；prove证明。阅读能改善一个人的生活无论是精神上还是心理上。根据语境可知选B项。,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,解析,24.A.socially B.materially C.physically D.mentally,解析socially社会上地；materially物质上地；physically身体上地；mentally心理上，精神上。根据语境可知选D项。,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30
32、,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,解析,25.A.abundant B.limited C.private D.absurd,解析abundant丰富的；limited有限的；private私人的；absurd荒谬的。句意为：你也能获得丰富的信息来丰富你的知识。根据语境可知选A项。,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,解析,26.A.as B.so C.or D.but,解析首先阅读能锻炼你的大脑，因为当你阅读时你的思想开始思索，故选A项。,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,
33、28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,解析,27.A.usual B.regular C.common D.normal,解析就像身体锻炼能让你身材苗条，有规律的阅读确保你的阅读肌肉保持好的状态。根据语境可知选B项。,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,解析,28.A.size B.shape C.height D.weight,解析in good shape好的状态，故选B项。,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,3
34、6,37,38,39,40,解析,29.A.barrier B.force C.determination D.process,解析继续阅读，你所需要的是让阅读成为生活的一部分的决心。根据语境可知选C项。,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,解析,30.A.ability B.decision C.strength D.position,解析ability能力；decision决定；strength力气；position位置。句意为：第二，阅读也能提高你的专注能力。根据语境可知选A项。,21,22,23,24,
35、25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,解析,31.A.thrills B.challenges C.excitements D.worries,解析专心读书可以让你暂时摆脱你日常的烦恼和担心。根据语境可知选D项。,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,解析,32.A.in case B.as if C.so that D.only if,解析当思想开始得到锻炼时，它会集中精力到你所做的事情上以至于你就会忘记不愉快的事情。故选C项。,21,22,23,24,
36、25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,解析,33.A.answer B.solution C.attitude D.approach,解析第三，没有比阅读更好的方法来获得信息。the approach to doing.做的方法，故选D项。,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,解析,34.A.increase B.explain C.expand D.express,解析如果坚持阅读你能拓宽你的思维。故选C项。,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,
37、28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,解析,35.A.take in B.work out C.give up D.show off,解析take in 欺骗，获得；work out 解决；give up 放弃；show off炫耀。句意为：你能获得之前的人留下的知识，这能积极地改变你的生活。故选A项。,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,解析,36.A.secretly B.bravely C.purposely D.positively,解析见上题解析。positiv
38、ely积极地。,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,解析,37.A.fewer B.more C.worse D.easier,解析几乎所有成功的人都会告诉你他们通过阅读获得很多的东西，至少有一本书改变了他们的生活。故选B项。,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,解析,38.A.build B.offer C.apply D.put,解析总之，阅读能帮你的将来打好坚实的基础，这可以让你实现你制定的目标。根据语境可知选A项。,21
39、,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,解析,39.A.establish B.achieve C.imagine D.miss,解析achieve ones goal实现某人的目标，故选B项。,返回,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,40.A.results from B.lies in C.contributes to D.makes up,解析result from导致；lie in 在于；contribute to有助于；make up编造。句意为：阅读有助于你将来的成功。根据语境可知选C项。,解析,
