1、Unit 3Computers,知识清单,(一) 基本单词 1. _ adv. 无论如何; 即使如此 2. _ n.目标; 目的; 球门; (进球)得分 3. _ vi. 解答,anyhow,goal,signal,arise,character,solve,单词,(二) 派生单词 7. _ n. 操作员; 接线员_ v. 操作; 经营 _ n. 操作; 经营 8. _ n.工艺; 科技; 技术_ adj. 科技的 9. _ n.智力; 聪明; 智能_ adj.智能的; 聪明的,operator,operate,operation,technology,technological,intell
2、igence,intelligent,10. _ adj. 总的; 整个的n. 总数; 合计vt. 共计; 总计; 加起来 _ adv. 完全地; 整个地 11. _ adj. 私人的; 个人的;亲自的_ adv. 就个人而言; 亲自_ n. 个性; 人格; 名人,total,totally,personal,personally,personality,12. _ n. 应用; 用途; 申请_ v. 应用; 申请 _ n. 申请人; 求职者 13. _ n. 金融; 财经_ adj. 财政的; 金融的 14. _ vt. 出现_ vi. 出现,application,apply,applic
3、ant,appearance,appear,explore,explorer,exploration,finance,financial,1. _ 从时起 2. _ 结果 3. _ 人类 4. _ 在某种程度上 5. _ 在的帮助下 6. _ 处理; 安排; 对付 7. _ 看守; 监视,from.on,as a result,human race,in a way,with the help of,deal with,watch over,短语,8. _ 弥补; 编造; 打扮;构成 9. _ 毕竟; 终究 10. _有共同之处,make up,after all,have.in common
4、,1. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. It took+段时间+before从句 “过了后才”,句式,2. As time went by, I was made smaller.as是连词,引导时间状语从句, “一边一边; 随着” 3. And my memory became so large that even I couldnt believe it!soadj./adv
5、.that. “如此以致于”, 引导结果状语从句,4. She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games.while watching.“连词分词短语”作时间状语,核心要点,1. solve vt. 解决; 解答Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem. （课文原句
6、）艾伦图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。,单词,【归纳】 solve a difficulty 解决困难 solve a problem in maths 解答数学问题 a solution to the problem 问题的解决方案,共同意思是“解决问题(纷争)”。 当宾语是argument, dispute, affair, matter等名词时多使用settle; 当宾语是equation, problem, puzzle等名词时, 多使用solve。,solve, settle,【即时应用】 完成句子。 1) He is trying to _ (
7、解决一个数学难题) 2) The internal affairs of each country _ (应该解决) by its own people.,solve a mathematical problem,should be settled,2. total adj. 总的; 整个的n. 总数; 合计v. 总数为As a result I totally changed my shape.（课文原句）因此我已经完全改变了我的形状。,【归纳】 a total of 总共 in total 加起来 totaladd up tocome toamount to (数字总计) 达到 【拓展】
8、totally adv. 完全地; 整个地,3. anyhow adv. (也作anyway)无论如何; 即使如此Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. （课文原句）不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。,“无论如何,不管怎样”。anyhow和anyway一样, 都用作让步状语, 一般置于句中(其前常有连词but)或句末。,“况且, 更何况, 再说, 至少”。可用来作状语, 对前面的话作补充, 给出一个令人信服的理由, 此时anyhow常出现在句首或最后的分句之首, 而不出现在句末。 “胡乱地,
9、随意地”。anyhow不可与anyway互换。,【提示】 somehow“以某种方式; 不知怎么地”, 与anyhow的意义不同。如： Somehow, I dont feel I can trust him. 不知怎么地, 我觉得不能信任他。,【即时应用】 用anyhow/anyway/somehow填空。 1) There is little chance that we will win the game. _, we are still in very high spirits. 2) He could have finished the task on time, but _ he
10、fell behind this time.,Anyway/Anyhow,somehow,I think Mrs. Stark could be _ between 50and 60 years of age. （2014全国大纲卷） A. anywhere B. anybody C. anyhow D. anything 【解析】考查代词。我认为Mrs. Stark可能介于50岁至60岁之间。anywhere “在(限定范围内的)任何一点”； anybody “任何人”； anyhow “无论如何，不管怎么样”； anything “任何事”。,goal n. 目标, 目的; 球门; (进球
11、)得分【归纳】 achieve ones goal 实现某人的目标longterm goal 长期目标shortterm goal 短期目标get/ make/ score/ take/ win a goal 得一分keep goal 守球门,achieve/gain/attain/obtain/reach ones goal 达到目标 carry out/realize the goal 实现目标 fight for a goal 为目标而奋斗 have a goal 有目标,有目的 set oneself a goal of doing sth. 为自己确定做某事的目标,4. signal
12、 vi. & vt. 发信号n. 信号For example, I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal. （课文原句）例如，当我前面没人防守有机会射一个好球的时候，我已经学会了用计算机语言向队友示意把球传给我。,【归纳】 signal (to) sb.to do sth.发信号要某人做某事signal to sb.that.用信号通知某人signal for help发出求救信号
13、traffic signals 交通信号by signal 以信号,symbol 符号, 象征, 标志等。 signal 信号, 暗号或警告等。 sign 表“记号/符号”时, 同symbol; 表“告示/标牌”时, 侧重指用图画/文字表达的告示/图示, 还可以理解为“迹象/征兆”。 mark普通用词, 含义广泛。可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记, 可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。,symbol/signal/sign/mark,用symbol/sign/signal/mark的适当形式填空。 1) Look out for a _ to the motorway. 2) Who mak
14、es these dirty _ on my new book? 3) She made a _ with her arm for a left turn. 4) The dove is a _ of peace.,sign,marks,signal,symbol,In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to _ that someone was moving about upstairs. （2015湖北） A. whisper B. signal C. declare D. complain 【解析】为了能够被听到，
15、她手指向上指，示意有人正在楼上走动。whisper “低声说，私语”；signal “发信号，（用手势）示意”；declare “（正式）宣称”；complain “抱怨”。,5. arise vi. 出现; 发生; 起身; 起床Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises. （课文原句）然后她把我在新情况下能用得上的可靠动作准备好。,“呈现; 出现; 发生”之意时, 主语多为抽象名词argument/problem/quarrel/question/ movement等。 arise from/out of
16、 由而引起, 由而产生; 从中产生,arise/arouse/rise/raise,用arise/arouse/rise/raise的适当形式填空。 1) I thought it would be easy, but a lot of problems have _. 2) We were watching the children _ the national flag, and saw it _ slowly in the wind, which _ our patriotic (爱国的) minds.,arisen,raising,rising,aroused,1. as a resu
17、lt 结果As a result I totally changed my shape. （课文原句）因此我已经完全改变了我的形状。,短语,【拓展】 as a result of 由于; 作为的结果without result 毫无结果地result from. 由产生result in. 导致; 结果; 以为结局,as a consequence 与as a result as a consequence 结果 as a consequence of 由于; 作为的结果 as a consequence 与as a result 是同义语,可以通用, 并没有区别。,2. in a way 从
18、某一角度看; 在某种程度上In a way our programmer is like our coach.（课文原句）从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练。,【拓展】all the way 一路上; 一直; 完全by the way 顺便说in the way 妨碍; 挡路in this way 以这种方法in no way 决不; 无论如何都不on the way 在途中on ones way to.在某人去的途中; 即将成为,break down old way 破除旧习 fight ones way forward 奋勇前进, 闯出前进的道路 find a way out 找
19、到出路, 发现出路 lead the way 带路, 引路, 示范 lose ones way 迷路 open the way 开辟道路,3. deal with 处理; 安排; 对付; 论述 This means that it should clean the house, mop the floors, cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls. （课文原句）这就是说，它能打扫家，拖地，做饭，并且可以处理电话。,deal with 在句中和how连用, 表示怎样处理; 如果后面没有接宾语, 就只能与what连用, 表示处理什么事。do w
20、ith 多和what连用, “处理, 安排”。【拓展】have a great deal/much to do with和 有很大些关系. make a deal with 做交易,4. watch over 看守; 监视; 照顾It should also watch over my naughty niece, who comes to my house very often.（课文原句）它也可以照看我淘气的侄女，她经常到我家。,【拓展】 watch out (for) 当心; 注意be on the watch for 留神; 注意keep watch 值班; 放哨keep (a) wa
21、tch on. 监视,5. so . that .如此以致于【归纳】常用于以下结构：so + adj. / adv. + that从句；so + adj. + a(n) +可数名词单数+ that从句；so many / much / few / little +复数名词/不可数名词+ that从句。,【拓展】 “such + a(n) + adj. +单数名词+ that从句”或“such + adj. +复数名词/不可数名词+ that从句”结构也表示“如此以致于”。（如果名词被many/ much/ few/ little修饰，用so . that .。） 当so或such置于句首时，主
22、句要倒装。 so that既可引导目的状语从句，也可引导结果状语从句。,1. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.我发展很慢, 差不多到了两百年之后, 查尔斯巴比奇才将我制成了一台分析机。,句式,Itbe时间段before. “过一段时间后才/就”; 若主语为将来时态, 从句则用一般现在时态; 其主句是一般过去时态或过去完成时态, 从句用一般过去时。,【提示】 before在引导时间状
23、语从句时, 除了译成“在之前/之后”之外, 在不同的语境中还可译成“还没来得及就”或 “趁着还没有就”。,翻译下列句子。 过不了多久这样的事还会发生。 It wont be long before such things happen again. 过了几天才找到这三位失踪的游客。 It had been/was several days before the three missing tourists were found.,2. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant,I never forget
24、anything I have been told! (P18)随着时间的推移, 我的记忆能力发展得如此之快, 就像一头大象一样, 我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何东西!so/such.that 引导结果状语从句, “如此以至于”。,e.g. So fast did the teacher speak that I couldnt follow him. 那个老师说得太快, 我听不懂。 He was so excited that he could not speak. 他兴奋地连话都说不出来了。,so.that.句型的常见形式: soadj./adv.that. soadj.a/an单数可数名词t
25、hat. somany/few/much/little.n.that. such.that.句型的基本结构: such+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+that. such+adj.+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that.,【提示】 so./such.that句型中, so或such放在句首, 主句应部分倒装。 so that以便于 (引导目的状语从句); 结果 (引导结果状语从句)。,【归纳】现在完成时的被动语态构成： 肯定式：have/ has + been + 及物动词的过去分词。如： The results of their experiments have already been
26、published. The party has been planned since the new year.,语法,现在完成时的被动语态,否定式：have/ has + not + been +及物动词的过去分词。如： They havent been told about it yet. 一般疑问句形式：Have/ Has +主语+ been +及物动词的过去分词。如： Have his books been sold out? Yes. So you cant buy one now. 特殊疑问句形式：疑问词 + have / has + been +及物动词的过去分词。如： How
27、 many experiments have been done by the students this month?,现在完成时的被动语态有以下两种情况： 1) 表过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在，常连用的时间状语有：for+段时间，since +时间状语（从句），these days, so far, up to now, in the last/ past few years等。 如：This class have been taught by Mr. Brown for two years.His Chinese has been improved a lot since he ca
28、me to China.JK Rowlings novels have been translated into many foreign languages so far.,2) 表某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, just, ever, never, recently等连用。 如：The bike has not been repaired yet.I have already been introduced to Mr. Smith.,【即学即练】I. 将句子变为被动语态。 1. Nobody has heard of Susan since she mo
29、ved to America. _ 2. They wont finish the experiment before ten oclock._,Susan hasnt been heard of since she moved to America.The experiment wont be finished before ten oclock.,3. We havent given them anything to eat. _ 4. Have you fed the pigs yet? _ 5. We have already discussed this question. _,Th
30、ey havent been given anything to eat.Have the pigs been fed yet?This question has already been discussed.,II. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。 1. The same mistake _ (make) many times. 2. More than 100 famous films _ _ (show) in the city since July. 3. For his tenth birthday, Carl wanted a bicycle but _ (give) a guita
31、r by his parents.,has been made,have been,was given,shown,4. Although it _ (play) many times, he still loves it. 5. Three new schools _ (open) in our city in the past 5 years.,has been played,have been opened,Shakespeares play Hamlet _ into at least ten different films over the past years. (2013 北京)
32、 A. had been made B. was made C. has been made D. would be made 【解析】莎士比亚的作品哈姆雷特在过去的几年中被拍成了至少十部不同的电影。“over the past+时间段”通常与现在完成时连用。,写作,描写自己理想中的未来机器人,【写作指导】描述理想中的未来机器人属于想象类作文，属于开放式作文的一种。一般没有内容要点的限制，只给出总体的写作要求，留给作者很大自由发挥的空间。我们需要展开想象的翅膀，对理想中的未来机器人的形态、构造、性质、功能等进行大胆的设想，并进行科学的描述。,写作时，可采用不同的说明方法，从不同角度对机器人给我
33、们的生活带来的好处进行描述。为避免单纯描写带来的枯燥性，可适当运用修辞手法，如拟人、比喻等，使文章显得更加生动。,【写作任务】 某英文报以“My ideal robot in the future”为题进行征文活动。请你写一篇英语短文介绍你理想中的未来机器人。 注意：词数120左右。 _ _,【参考表达】 1. Robots are supposed to do boring and difficult jobs that humans cannot do or dont want to do. 2. Robots may be dangerous . 3. It does all the w
34、ork around the house. 4. It is very patient and never complains. 5. A robot is a very human-like servant and it cares for us.,6. It is quite possible that robots will turn out to be quite smart. 7. Robots in the future can provide . 8. We can imagine a future in which robots will care for our childr
35、en and develop friendships with us.,【参考范文】 My ideal robot in the futureMy ideal robot in the future is called Toby. He is 1.6 meters tall and looks exactly like a normal man. The main difference is that in Tobys hair are tiny panels that use light to charge his power pack to make sure all his comput
36、er programs keep running.,Toby helps me both in my house and in my car. He does all the work around my house for me. Toby cooks my food, cleans the house and does all the washing and ironing. He is very patient and never complains. As a result, I have more time to do whatever I like. Toby is also my
37、 driver. He has a program in his brain for directions so I never get lost.,巩固练习,I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. If you want to know about the hotel, you can call the _ (operate) to ask for information. 2. The texts have been _ (simple) because they were too difficult for students to understand at first. 3. My
38、brother chose Germany for our holiday destination, but _ (personal) Id prefer to go to Spain.,operator,simplified,personally,4. Her ideas were clear and _ (logical) presented. 5. The steam engine was the greatest _ (technology) advance of the 19th century. 6. Her son was a sensitive and highly _ (in
39、telligence) young man who was fond of reading poetry.,logically,technological,intelligent,7. They help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any _ (solve). 8. The _ (real) is that there is not enough money to pay for this project. 9. Im still not _ (total) convinced that he knows wha
40、t hes doing. 10. The new invention would have wide _ (apply) in industry.,solutions,reality,totally,application,II. 用合适的短语并用其正确形式填空。watch over, deal with, make up, in a way, as a result 1. These farmers use specially trained dogs to _ their sheep at night. 2. We all know that, if not carefully _, th
41、e situation will get worse. 3. As we know, farmers _ over 80 percent of the Chinese population.,watch over,dealt with,make up,4. _, Im glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you. 5. Frank slipped and broke his leg. _, he will have to be away from school for two or three months
42、.,In a way,As a result,III. 用括号内所给内容的正确形式填空。 1. A: Are you going to the concert tomorrow?B: No. It _ (cancel) because of the bad weather. 2. A: Did you receive my parcel?B: No, it _ (not, deliver) yet. 3. A: Can I expect to get to England on time?,has been canceled,hasnt been delivered,B: Sorry Mada
43、m, but all flights _ (delay). 4. A: Is your new house ready to move into?B: No. The walls _ (not, paint) yet. 5. A: Have they caught the bank robbers?B: Unfortunately, no arrests _ _ (make).,have been delayed,havent been painted,have been,made,. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。The appearance of Giant
44、robots walking out of the mist turns a quiet day of 1. _ (happy) in the city of Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay, into a day of panic. 2. _ the help of spacecraft flying above them, they begin to destroy the city as people run for their lives.,happiness,With,The army attempt 3. _ (defend) the city
45、 but the robots and spacecraft are too powerful and soldiers are 4. _ (simple) dealt with. The film, called Ataque de pnico or Panic Attack, only 5. _ (last) a few minutes and cost a few hundred dollars to make. After sharing his film with the public on YouTube in 2009, its director, Uruguayan-born
46、Fede Alvarez,to defend,simply,lasts,later made 6. _ deal with a Hollywood film company. They offered to finance a 30-40 million dollar science-fiction movie with him as its director. Alvarez, 7. _ added all the computer-generated images of robots and spacecraft to the film using his 8. _ (person) computer, said that only a few days after his film was put on the web,
