1、目 录2 0 0 0 年 南 开 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 专 业 英 语考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 0 1 年 南 开 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 专 业 英 语考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 0 2 年 南 开 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 专 业 英 语考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 0 3 年 南 开 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 专 业 英 语考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 0 4 年 南 开 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 英 美 文 学考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 0 5 年 南 开 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 专 业 英 语考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 0 6 年
2、 南 开 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 专 业 英 语考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 0 7 年 南 开 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 专 业 英 语考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 0 8 年 南 开 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 8 6 0 专 业 英语 考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 0 9 年 南 开 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 8 5 4 专 业 英语 考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 1 0 年 南 开 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 9 0 2 专 业 英语 考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 1 1 年 南 开 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 8 6 3 专 业 英语 考 研 真 题 及
3、详 解2 0 1 2 年 南 开 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 8 8 0 专 业 英语 考 研 真 题 及 详 解更多考研资料 v/q:344647 公众号/小程序：顺通考试资料2 0 0 0年南开大学外国语学院专业英语考研真题及详解(Write all y o u r an swer b ello w th e q u estio n s. Do n o t u se sep arated sh eetsex cep t th e last two q u estio n s in Part II)Part I. Lin g u istics (5 0 %)I. Defin e each o
4、 f th e fo llo win g terms, g iv in g an ex amp le wh ere ap p ro p riate(1 0 %)1Disp lacemen t【答案】Disp lacemen t mean s th at h u man lan g u ag es en ab le th eir u sers tosy mb o lize o b jects, ev en ts an d co n cep ts wh ich are n o t p resen t at th e mo men to f co mmu n icatio n .2Free v ar
5、iatio n【答案】Simp ly sp eak in g , it refers to th e d ifferen t p ro n u n ciatio n s o f th esame wo rd . If two so u n d s o ccu rrin g in th e same en v iro n men t, th e su b stitu tio no f o n e fo r th e o th er d o es n o t p ro d u ce a d ifferen t wo rd fo rm, b u t ju st ad ifferen t p ro n
6、 u n ciatio n o f th e same wo rd , th en th e two so u n d s are in freev ariatio n .3Sen se【答案】Sen se is co n cern ed with th e relatio n sh ip b etween th e lin g u isticelemen t an d th e n o n -lin g u istic wo rld o f ex p erien ce, wh ile th e referen ce d ealswith th e in h eren t mean in g
7、o f th e lin g u istic fo rm.4Mo rp h o p h o n o lo g y【答案】Mo rp h o p h o n o lo g y is a b ran ch o f lin g u istics referrin g to th ean aly sis an d classificatio n o f th e p h o n o lo g ical facto rs th at affect th eap p earan ce o f mo rp h emes, an d co rresp o n d in g ly , th e g rammat
8、ical facto rs th ataffect th e ap p earan ce o f p h o n emes. It is also called mo rp h o n o lo g y o rmo rp h o n emics.5Diach ro n ic lin g u istics【答案】It refer to th e stu d y o f a lan g u ag e th ro u g h th e co u rse o f its h isto ry .Histo rical lin g u istics was a p erv asiv e in terest
9、 o f th e Darwin ist in th e 1 9 thcen tu ry ; in th e co u rse o f th eir h isto rical research er in to th e d ev elo p men t o fth e In d o -Eu ro p ean to n g u es.6Dissimilatio n【答案】Dissimilatio n refers to th e in flu en ce ex ercised b y o n e so u n dseg men t u p o n th e articu latio n o f
10、 an o th er, so th at th e so u n d s b eco me lessalik e, o r d ifferen t.7Restricted co d e【答案】A sty le o f lan g u ag e u se asso ciated with in fo rmal situ atio n s,ch aracterized b y lin g u istic p red ictab ility an d b y its d ep en d en ce o n th eex tern al co n tex t an d o n th e sh are
11、d k n o wled g e an d ex p erien ce o f th ep articip an ts fo r co n v ey in g mean in g .8Illo cu tio n ary act【答案】It refers to th e actio n o f mak in g clear th e p u rp o se o f sp eak in g b yp ro d u cin g u tteran ces. Th at is, to say so meth in g is to d o so meth in g . Fo rex amp le, wh
12、en we mak e u tteran ce “h ello ”, we p erfo rm th e actio n o f g reetin g .9Sap ir-Wh o rf h y p o th esis【答案】Th ere are two v ersio n s o f th e Sap ir-Wh o rf Hy p o th esis: a stro n gv ersio n an d a weak v ersio n . Th e stro n g v ersio n claims th e o rig in al h y p o th esissu g g ests, e
13、mp h asizin g th e d ecisiv e ro le o f lan g u ag e as th e sh ap er o f o u rth in k in g p attern s. Th e weak v ersio n claims th at th ere is a co rrelatio n b etweenlan g u ag e, cu ltu re an d th o u g h t, b u t th e cro ss-cu ltu ral d ifferen ces th u sp ro d u ced in o u r way s o f th in
14、 k in g are relativ e, rath er th an categ o rical.1 0Pro x emics【答案】It refers to th e stu d y o f sp atial d istan ces b etween in d iv id u als ind ifferen t cu ltu res an d situ atio n s. It was co in ed b y research er Ed ward Halld u rin g th e 1 9 5 0 s an d 1 9 6 0 s an d h as to d o with th
15、e stu d y o f o u r u se o f sp acean d h o w v ario u s d ifferen ces in th at u se can mak e u s feel mo re relax ed o ran x io u s.II. Defin e each o f th e fo llo win g sy mb o ls. If th e featu re is p resen t, mark a+an d if n o t, mark a- (5 %)【答案】III. Describ e esch ew o f th e fo llo win g
16、sp eech so u n d sy mb o ls in terms o farticu lato ry featu res. (5 %)1/【答案】sto p ; b ilab ial; v o iceless2/r/【答案】ap p ro x iman t; alv eo lar; v o iced 3/m/【答案】n asal; b ilab ial; v o iced 4/t/【答案】sto p ; alv eo lar; v o iceless5/【答案】fricativ e; d en tal; v o iceless6/【答案】fricativ e; alv eo lar;
17、v o iceless7/ /【答案】fricativ e; d en tal; v o iceless8/z/【答案】fricativ e; alv eo lar; v o iced 9/【答案】p alatal sto p with a risin g to n e1 0/h /【答案】fricativ e; g lo ttal; v o icelessIV. Classify th e fo llo win g p airs as b in ary an to n y ms (B), g rad ab le an to n y ms(G) o r co n v erse an to n
18、y ms (C) (5 %)1B G Ctru e/false【答案】B2B G Co p en /clo sed【答案】G3B G Cad d resser/ad d ressee【答案】C4B G Cin n o cen t/g u ilty【答案】G5B G Cin stru cto r/stu d en t【答案】C6B O Cin fro n t o f/b eh in d【答案】B7B G Ctak e/g iv e【答案】B8B G Ch eav y /lig h t【答案】G9B G Cfast/slo w【答案】G1 0B G Cd y n amic/static【答案】BV
19、. On e k in d o f su b stitu tio n is th e mo v emen t o f an NP to an emp ty NPp o sitio n , wh ich is k n o wn as NP mo v emen t. Can y o u sh o w b y tree d iag ramsh o w th e mo v emen t ru le is realized in th e sen ten ce “Jo h n seems to b e h ap p y ”?(5 %)【答案】VI. No am Ch o msk y s COMPETEN
20、CE refers to th e g rammatical k n o wled g eo f th e id eal lan g u ag e u ser an d h as n o th in g to d o with th e actu al u se o flan g u ag e in co n crete situ atio n s. Th is co n cep t o f lin g u istic co mp eten ce h asb een criticized fo r b ein g to o n arro w an d rep resen tin g “Gard
21、 en o f Ed enView”. To ex p an d th e co n cep t o f co mp eten ce, D.H. Hy mes p ro p o sedCOMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE. State th e b asic co n ten ts d iscu ssed inco mmu n icativ e co mp eten ce, an d ex p lain to th e b est o f y o u r k n o wled g e, wh ywe g en erally b eliev e th at COMMUNICATIVE
22、 COMPETENCE is mo read eq u ate th an th e co n cep t o f co mp eten ce p ro p o sed b y N Ch o msk y . (1 0 %)【答案】Th e term was co in ed b y Hy mes in 1 9 6 6 , reactin g ag ain st th e p erceiv edin ad eq u acy o f Ch o msk y s d istin ctio n b etween co mp eten ce an d p erfo rman ce.To ad d ress
23、 Ch o msk y s ab stract n o tio n o f co mp eten ce, Hy mes u n d erto o keth n o g rap h ic ex p lo ratio n o f co mmu n icativ e co mp eten ce th at in clu d ed“co mmu n icativ e fo rm an d fu n ctio n in in teg ral relatio n to each o th er.”co mmu n icativ e co mp eten ce is th at asp ect o f o
24、u r co mp eten ce wh ich en ab lesu s to co n v ey an d in terp ret messag es an d to n eg o tiate mean in g sin terp erso n ally with in sp ecific co n tex ts. To learn a seco n d lan g u ag e, learn erssh o u ld n o t o n ly b e ab le to p ro d u ce th e targ et lan g u ag e co rrectly , b u t als
25、o b eab le to u se it ap p ro p riately . Seco n d lan g u ag e co mp eten ce can b e p erceiv edalo n g two d imen sio n s: accu racy an d ap p ro p riaten ess. A lan g u ag e sp eak er h asto h av e mo re th an g rammatical co mp eten ce in o rd er to b e ab le toco mmu n icate effectiv ely .Co mm
26、u n icativ e co mp eten ce co n tain s fiv e co mp o n en ts, n amely lin g u isticco mp eten ce, p rag matic co mp eten ce, d isco u rse co mp eten ce, strateg icco mp eten ce an d flu en cy . Lin g u istic co mp eten ce is co n cern ed withk n o wled g e o f th e lan g u ag e itself, its fo rm an
27、d mean in g . Prag maticco mp eten ce refers to th e ap p ro p riate u se o f th e lan g u ag e in so cial co n tex t.Th at is to say , th e ch o ice o f th e v o cab u lary an d stru ctu re d ep en d s o n th esettin g , th e relativ e statu s o f th e sp eak ers, an d th eir relatio n sh ip s. Dis
28、co u rseco mp eten ce refers to o n es ab ility to create co h eren t written tex t o rco n v ersatio n an d th e ab ility to u n d erstan d th em. Strateg ic co mp eten ce issimilar to co mmu n icatio n strateg ies. It refers to strateg ies o n e emp lo y s wh enth ere is co mmu n icatio n b reak d
29、 o wn d u e to lack o f reso u rces. Flu en cy mean so n es ab ility to lin k u n its o f sp eech to g eth er with facility an d with o u t straino r in ap p ro p riate slo wn ess o r u n d u e h esitatio n .Part II. Literatu re (5 0 %)VII. Giv e b rief ex p lan atio n s to th e fo llo win g :1An ta
30、g o n ist【答案】An an tag o n ist is a ch aracter, g ro u p o f ch aracters, in stitu tio n o rco n cep t th at stan d s in o r rep resen ts o p p o sitio n ag ain st wh ich th ep ro tag o n ist(s) mu st co n ten d . In o th er wo rd s, an an tag o n ist is a p erso n o r ag ro u p o f p eo p le wh o o
31、 p p o ses a p ro tag o n ist2Black h u mo r【答案】Black h u mo r is a ty p e o f mo d ern h u mo r th at is cau sed b y an g er. Ito ften d escrib es g ru eso me ev en ts, wh ich are n o rmally asso ciated with p leasan to ccasio n s, th u s p ro d u cin g th e co n g ru o u s effect fo r h u mo r. Bl
32、ack h u mo rattack s o n so cial mo res th ro u g h sh o ck in g lan g u ag e an d o ffen siv e imag ery .3Flash b ack【答案】Flash b ack s are in terru p tio n s th at writers d o to in sert p ast ev en ts ino rd er to p ro v id e b ack g ro u n d o r co n tex t to th e cu rren t ev en ts o f a n arrat
33、iv e.By u sin g flash b ack s, writers allo w th eir read ers to g ain in sig h t in to ach aracters mo tiv atio n an d p ro v id e a b ack g ro u n d to a cu rren t co n flict. Dreamseq u en ces an d memo ries are meth o d s u sed to p resen t flash b ack s.4Rh y me【答案】Th e wo rd rh y th m is d eri
34、v ed fro m rh y th mo s wh ich mean s“measu red mo tio n ”. Rh y th m is a literary d ev ice wh ich d emo n strates th e lo n gan d sh o rt p attern s th ro u g h stressed an d u n stressed sy llab les p articu larly inv erse fo rm.5T.S. Elio t【答案】Th o mas Stearn s Elio t was a British essay ist, p
35、u b lish er, p lay wrig h t,literary an d so cial critic, an d “o n e o f th e twen tieth cen tu ry s majo r p o ets”. Hemo v ed fro m h is n ativ e Un ited States to En g lan d in 1 9 1 4 at th e ag e o f 2 5 ,settlin g , wo rk in g , an d marry in g th ere. He ev en tu ally b ecame a British su b
36、jectin 1 9 2 7 at th e ag e o f 3 9 , ren o u n cin g h is American citizen sh ip .6To n i Mo rriso n【答案】To n i Mo rriso n is an American n o v elist, ed ito r, teach er, an dPro fesso r Emeritu s at Prin ceto n Un iv ersity . Mo rriso n wo n th e Pu litzer Prizean d th e American Bo o k Award in 1
37、9 8 8 fo r Belo v ed . Th e n o v el was ad ap tedin to a film o f th e same n ame (starrin g Op rah Win frey an d Dan n y Glo v er) in1 9 9 8 . Mo rriso n was award ed th e No b el Prize in Literatu re in 1 9 9 3 .7Jo h n Milto n【答案】Jo h n Milto n was an En g lish p o et, p o lemicist, man o f lett
38、ers, an dciv il serv an t fo r th e Co mmo n wealth o f En g lan d u n d er Oliv er Cro mwell. Hewro te at a time o f relig io u s flu x an d p o litical u p h eav al, an d is b est k n o wn fo rh is ep ic p o em Parad ise Lo st (1 6 6 7 ), written in b lan k v erse.8Th e Ro b in Ho o d b allad s【答案
39、】Ro b in Ho o d is a h ero ic o u tlaw in En g lish fo lk lo re wh o , acco rd in gto leg en d , was a h ig h ly sk illed arch er an d swo rd sman . Trad itio n ally d ep ictedas b ein g d ressed in Lin co ln g reen , h e is o ften p o rtray ed as ro b b in g fro m th erich an d g iv in g to th e p
40、o o r alo n g sid e h is b an d o f Merry Men . Ro b in Ho o db ecame a p o p u lar fo lk fig u re in th e late-med iev al p erio d , an d co n tin u es to b ewid ely rep resen ted in literatu re, films an d telev isio n .9So n s an d Lo v ers【答案】So n s an d Lo v ers is a 1 9 1 3 n o v el b y th e E
41、n g lish writer D. H.Lawren ce, o rig in ally p u b lish ed b y B.W. Hu eb sch Pu b lish ers. Th e Mo d ernLib rary p laced it n in th o n th eir list o f th e 1 0 0 b est n o v els o f th e 2 0 th cen tu ry .Wh ile th e n o v el in itially receiv ed a lu k ewarm critical recep tio n , alo n g witha
42、lleg atio n s o f o b scen ity , it is to d ay reg ard ed as a masterp iece b y man y criticsan d is o ften reg ard ed as Lawren ces fin est ach iev emen t.1 0Ten d er Is th e Nig h t【答案】Ten d er Is th e Nig h t is th e fo u rth an d fin al co mp leted n o v el b yAmerican writer F. Sco tt Fitzg era
43、ld . It was first p u b lish ed in Scrib n ersMag azin e b etween Jan u ary an d Ap ril 1 9 3 4 in fo u r issu es. Th e title is tak enfro m th e p o em “Od e to a Nig h tin g ale” b y Jo h n Keats.VIII. Read th e flo win g p assag es an d an swer th e q u estio n s in y o u r o wn wo rd s.(1 5 %)A.
44、 Th ey1Wh at is th e th eme o f th is p o em? Wh at k in d o f feelin g d o es th e au th o rco n v ey ?【答案】“Th ey ” satirically co n trasts th e mo ral imp ro v emen t p ro mised toBritish b y a Bish o p with th e p h y sical d amag e an d mo ral d eg rad atio n th eyactu ally ex p erien ce. Th e b
45、 ish o p rep resen ts th e ch u rch an d g o v ern men t, asth ey k n o w n o th in g ab o u t th e facts o f wh at h ap p en s to th e b o y s y et p ro miseall u n d er th e su n . Th is is relig io u s imag ery in th e p o em. Th e first stan zamean s th at a relig io u s lead er, th e Bish o p ,
46、 h as warn ed th at wh en th e so ld iersco me b ack fro m th e war, th ey will b e ch an g ed . Th ey will h av e faced d eath .Th e en emy is p erceiv ed as “th e An ti-Ch rist”. Th is is a satiric co mmen tin d icatin g th at th e so ld iers o r th eir lead ers h av e d ep icted th e en emy as ev
47、 il toju stify th e war. Th e p o et seems to imp ly th at in o rd er to ju stify war, we h av eto v ilify th e en emy , tu rn th e en emy in to “th e An ti-Ch rist”.2Ho w d o y o u u n d erstan d th e last lin e?【答案】Th e last lin e is a co mmo n statemen t u sed b y relig io u s lead ers toex p lai
48、n th in g s th at can n o t b e ex p lain ed an d in th is p o em, is an in d ictmen tag ain st war.B. Fro m “Th e So litary Reap er”3An aly ze th e b asic rh y me sch eme an d meter o f th ese stan zas.【答案】Th e rh y me sch eme is ab ab ccd d ex cep t lin es 1 &3 in stan zas 1 an d 4 .Th e meter o f
49、 th ese stan zas is iamb ic tetrameter.4Wh at rh eto rical d ev ice d o es th e au th o r u se? Wh y d o es h e u se it?【答案】Firstly , “Beh o ld h er”. “Sto p h ere”. “O listen !” ap p ear in th e firststan za. Th ey are b o th co llo q u ial wo rd s u sed as v o cativ e. Th ese sh o rtsen ten ces ca
50、n n o t o n ly ex p ress th e ex citemen t o f th e p o et seein g th e g irlreap in g , b u t also can b etter cap tu re th e read ers atten tio n an d in sp ire th eirin terest in th e p o em. Seco n d ly , sy n esth esia is seen in th e p o em, su ch as th esen ten ce“Oh listen ! Fo r th e v ale
