1、商务信函的翻译第一节 商务信函简介一 商务信函的 12种要素 信头( letterhead) 案号 (reference) 日期 (date) 封内地址 (inside address) 注意项 (attention line) 称呼 (salutation) Next 事由栏 (subject) 信的正文 (body of letter) 信尾敬语 (complimentary close) 签名 (signature) 缩写名、附件及分送标志部分( IEC: initials, enclosures and carbon copies block) 附言 (postscript)商务信函实
2、例 1Kee & Co., Ltd 34 Regent Street London, UK Inside Address 收信人地址 Dear Sirs, Salutation称呼 We have obtained your name and address from Dee &Co. Ltd, and we are writing toenquire whether you would be willing to establish business relations with us. We have been importers of shoes for many years. At p
3、resent, we are interested in extending our range and would appreciate your catalogues and quotations. If your prices are competitive we would expect to place volume orders on you. We look forward to your early reply. Yours faithfully, Complimentary Close客套结束语 Tony Smith Signature Block签名栏 Enc: invoi
4、ce for consulting services Enclosure Notation 第二节 商务信函的文体特点及其翻译 1 商务信函的文体特点1 1 词汇使用特点1 1 1 用词规范正式1 1 2 表意准确、专业性强1 1 3 用语朴素、淡于修饰1 2 语法使用特点1 2 1 句子类型1 2 2 句式结构( 1)复合句与简单句结合,以复合句为主( 2)常用并列结构( 3)状语位置独特1 2 3 虚拟语气的运用 2 商务信函的翻译要点2 1 商务英语信函翻译的原则2 2 商务英语信函翻译的注意事项1 商务信函的文体特点 1 1 词汇使用特点 1 1 1 用词规范正式( 1)商务英语信函经
5、常以意义相同或相近的书面词语代替基本词汇和口语词汇,如以 inform或 advise代替 tell,以duplicate代替 copy,以 dispatch代替 send,以 otherwise代替 or;以介词短语代替简单的介词,如以 as for, in respect to,in connection with和 with regarding to等代替 about等。例如: We are pleased to advise you that your order NO.105 has been dispatched in accordance with your instructio
6、n. 我们很高兴地通知你们:第 105号订单货物已遵照你方指示运出。1 1 1 用词规范正式 We will meet you half way by offering a discount of 5% in view of our long pleasant relations.鉴于我们之间长期愉快的业务关系,本公司将酌情考虑给予 5% 的折扣。( 2)商务信函中还经常使用 here/there +介词构成的复合词,如 hereafter, hereby, hereunder, hereto, hereinafter,herewith, thereafter, therein, theref
7、rom等。例如:All offers and sales are subject to the terms and conditions printed on the reverse side hereof.In such a case, Seller is bound to reimburse buyer for any loss or damage sustained therefrom.All offers and sales are subject to the terms and conditions printed on the reverse side hereof.所有报盘和销
8、售均应遵守本报价单背面所印的条款。In such a case, Seller is bound to reimburse buyer for any loss or damage sustained therefrom.在次情况下,卖方负责偿还买方由此所遭受的损失。1 1 2 表意准确、专业性强 商务信函用词表意准确、专业性强,主要表现在使用大量的专业术语、行话、外来词、缩略语以及一般词语在商务英语语境中的特殊用法。( 1)专业术语类: Trimming charges 平仓费 insurance policy 保险单coverage 保险项目 establishment 开证counter
9、-suggestion 反还盘surcharges附加费pro forma invoicepremium clearance sale underwriter 保险人 L/C CIF FOB bid C.B.D. counter-offerirrevocable letter of credit pro forma invoice形式发票 premium保险费 clearance sale清仓削价销售 underwriter 保险人 L/C 信用证 CIF 到岸价格 FOB离岸价格 bid 递盘 C.B.D. 付现提货 counter-offer还盘irrevocable letter of
10、credit 不可撤消信用证1 1 2 表意准确、专业性强例如: We shall cover TPND on your order.我们将为你方的货物 投保盗窃和提货不着险 。 It would be appreciated if you would let us know by returning your lowest possible price for the following goods on FOB London.请报下列商品伦敦 船上交货 之最低价。( 2)外来词类:拉丁语的 status quo(现状),意大利语的 del credere(保付货价的),汉语中的 litch
11、i(荔枝), tungoil(桐油), mango(芒果)等。( 3)行话:长期的函电交往使人们在使用术语上形成共识,本来意义差异很大的词汇在特定的语境中所表达的内涵和外延却非常相似。 Offer, quotation表示 “报价,发盘 ” Pamphlet, brochure, booklet, sales literature 表示商家用于宣传介绍自己公司或产品的 “说明材料 ” Shipment和 consignment 表示 “所发出的货物 ” Financial standing/ reputation/ condition/ position 用于表示公司的 “资信财务情况 ” F
12、ulfill/complete/execute an order用于表示 “执行订单 ” A draft contract或 a specimen contract 表示 “合同样本 ”1 1 2 表意准确、专业性强( 4)商务信函准确性主要体现在数量词的大量运用。商务 信函中的时间,价格,数量,金额,规格等问题贯穿商贸活动始终,数字的表达应言之确凿,避免摸棱两可。 例如: The vender shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15.卖方须于 6月 15日或之前将货物交给买方。 The market here for this pro
13、duct is active, and the best price we can offer is US $150 or over per long ton.该产品在本地的销售看好,我方出价可达每长吨 150美元或以上。 1 1 3 用语朴素、淡于修饰 商贸信函的主要功能是传递信息,使收、发信函双方发生贸易往来、达成交易,因此除了必须使用专业术语等手段准确传达自己的信息意图外,还要求信函语言明白易懂,朴实平易。 例如:Dear Sirs,Thank you for your interest in our fireworks.In reply to your enquiry of Novem
14、ber 15, we are really sorry to say that we cannot divulge any of our sales information. We hope this will not bring you too much inconvenience. Yours truly, 敬启者:承蒙贵方对我们的烟花感兴趣,十分感谢。兹复贵方 11月 15日询价函,我们非常抱歉地奉告,我们不泄露我方任何销售情况。我们希望这不会给贵方带来很多不便。敬上1 2 语法使用特点1 2 1 句子类型 英语句子按使用目的可以分为四类:陈述句( Declarative Sentenc
15、es)疑问句( Interrogative Sentence)祈使句( Imperative Sentences)感叹句( Exclamatory Sentences)( 1)商务信函主要使用陈述句。例如: Dear Sirs, We thank you for your promptness in delivering the coffee we ordered on 20th, July. The number of bags delivered by your carrier this morning was, however, 160 whereas our order was for
16、 only 120.Unfortunately, our present needs are completely covered and as we cannot make use of the 40 bags in excess of order, we have put them in our warehouse to be held for you until we receive your instructions. Yours Truly,敬启者:收到我方 7月 20日订购的咖啡,并对你方迅速交货表示感谢。但是,你方承运人上午交来 160袋,而我们只订购 120袋。遗憾的是,我方需
17、求已满,无法接受你方多交的 40袋。我们已将此货入库保存,等候你方指示。 敬上( 2)祈使句表示请求、劝告、命令等,用祈使句可避免生硬刻板,比 陈述句更有礼貌。 Please look into the matter at once and let us have your definite reply by cable without any further delay. 请立即调查此事,并尽快电告确切答复。( 3)疑问句也可用来表达写信人的观点或向对方提议,疑问句给对方留有更大的余地,更有礼貌,它的使用频率比祈使句相对要多。 Would you please send us a copy
18、of your catalogue?能否向我公司邮寄一份贵公司的产品目录?( 4)感叹句虽然可以渲染气氛,增强语势,但与函电英语讲求客观、严谨的文体不符,因此感叹句在函电英语中极少使用。TranslationFED 于 9月 15日向银行系统注入了一笔 为数 700亿美元的资金 .今日送上第三号混合燕麦样品 ,请查收 .报价为 FOB旧金山 ,每夸特 10美元 .FED invested a $70 billion capital into the banking system on September 15th. We are sending you a sample of No. 3 mi
19、xed oats, offering you at $10.00 per qr., FOB San Francisco.We have entered into negotiation with the investor over the subject of compensation.As stipulated in our Sales Confirmation No.12315, the covering L/C should reach us not later than the end of this month and we hope you will open it in time
20、, so as to ensure early shipment.The insured amount should be 110% of the invoice value. If you require a higher percentage , additional premium must be paid.我们和投资人进行补偿贸易的谈判 .按照第 12315号 销售确认书的规定 , 有关信用证应不迟于本月底前到达我方 ,希望你方及时开立信用证以确保早日装运 .投保金额应为发票金额的 110%,如果你方要求更高的百分比 ,必须支付额外的保险费 .Breakage is a special
21、 risk, for which an extra premium will have to be charged.破碎险是一种特殊险种 ,需额外收费 .1 2 2 句式结构 从结构看,英文句子可以分成三种类型:简单句( Simple Sentences),并列句(Compound Sentences),复合句( Complex Sentences) ,函电英语采用大量的并列句和复合句。( 1)复合句与简单句结合,以复合句为主:为了保证考究的句式和严密的逻辑性,函电英语往往需要将连续的短句结合成一个独立的主从复合句或并列句。 复杂句 The Credit could cover 85%of t
22、he local expenses if they are made under the responsibility of the British Contractor and within the limit of the down payments paid on the Contract, i.e., 15% as a maximum. 此项贷款可支付当地费用的 85% 。但此项费用必须是英国承包商直接负责支付的,并必须在合同头期款的幅度以内,即最高不得超过头期款的 15% 。该句是主从复合句,由从属连词 if引导的状语从句包含了两个前提条件,使主句的行为范围受到严格限制,从而使全句逻辑严密。 复合句结构复杂,表达完备周密;简单句则结构简单,简洁明快。函电英语对严谨和简洁都有要求,目的在于追求准确严谨的语言风格,因此复合句的使用虽普遍,但不排斥简单句的使用。