1、Five Translation Skills,分译法,断句增词译法,转换法,引申法,先译从句，后译主句,重新排序,从引导词处切分句子,1.长句处理，拆分重组,适用范围: 长复合句 （由名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句中的一种或几种混合而成）,使用步骤,1. 长句处理，拆分重组,Either party could terminate the contract if the other party fails to fulfill or perform any of the obligations hereunder in the event that such failure remains
2、unremedied 60 days after the service of the written notice by the party to the defaulting party specifying the failure in question and requiring it to be remedied.,1. 长句处理，拆分重组, Either party could terminate the contract （双方 中）任何一方可以终止合同 if the other party fails to fulfill or perform any of the oblig
3、ations 如果另一方未能履行义务 hereunder in the event that such failure remainsunremedied 60 days 依此如果这种违约行为在60天内没有进行补救的 after the service of the written notice by the party to thedefaulting party specifying the failure in question andrequiring it to be remedied. 在收到一方给另一方详细阐明其违约行为并要求补救的书面通知后,1. 长句处理，拆分重组, Eith
4、er party could terminate the contract 任何一方可以终止合同 if the other party fails to fulfill or perform any of the obligations 如果另一方未能履行义务 hereunder in the event that such failure remainsunremedied 60 days 依此如果这种违约行为在60天内没有进行补救的 after the service of the written notice by the party to thedefaulting party spe
5、cifying the failure in question andrequiring it to be remedied. 在收到一方给另一方详细阐明其违约行为并要求补救的书面通知后,1. 长句处理，拆分重组, if the other party fails to fulfill or perform any of the obligations 如果另一方未能履行义务 after the service of the written notice by the party to thedefaulting party specifying the failure in question
6、 andrequiring it to be remedied. 在收到一方给另一方详细阐明其违约行为并要求补救的书面通知后 hereunder in the event that such failure remainsunremedied 60 days 依此如果这种违约行为在60天内没有进行补救的 Either party could terminate the contract 任何一方可以终止合同,1. 长句处理，拆分重组,Either party could terminate the contract if the other party fails to fulfill or
7、perform any of the obligations hereunder in the event that such failure remains unremedied 60 days after the service of the written notice by the party to the defaulting party specifying the failure in question and requiring it to be remedied.,如果另一方未能履行义务，在收到一方给另一方详细阐明其违约行为并要求补救的书面通知后，依此如果这种违约行为在60天
8、内没有进行补救的，任何一方可以终止合同。,如果一方未能履行义务，并在收到另一方详细阐明其违约行为并要求补救的书面通知后，(依此如果这种违约行为)在60天内仍未进行补救的，另一方可以终止合同。,2. 分译法,将原文中的一个单词分译成一个句子,将原文中一个短语分译成一个句子,简单句的切分灵活处理 复合句在从句连接处切分,英语: 形合, 句子以SV结构为核心,通过逻辑连接词对非谓语动词、各种从句进行扩展和延伸。 汉语: 意合,句与句之间不需要形式连接, 而是依靠总体意义进行融合。,2.分译法,People everywhere brag and whimper about the woes of t
9、heir early years, but nothing can compare with the Irish version: the poverty; the shiftless loquacious father; the pious defeated mother moaning by the fire; pompous priests, bullying schoolmasters; the English and all the terrible thing they did to us for 800 long years. (whimper:啜泣；loquacious:喋喋不
10、休的),无论身在何地的人们总喜欢抽泣着夸谈他们早年受过的苦难，但是没有什么能够与爱尔兰人的经历相比：贫穷，好吃懒做喋喋不休的父亲，虔诚的被压垮的正在炉火边呻吟的母亲，自负的牧师，恃强凌弱的老师们，英格兰人在长达800年中对我们所做的一切。,2.分译法,贫穷好吃懒做喋喋不休的父亲虔诚的被压垮的正在炉火边呻吟的母亲自负的牧师恃强凌弱的老师们英国人在长达800年中对我们所做的一切,家庭一贫如洗,父亲好吃懒做却喋喋不休,虔诚的母亲被重负压垮,在火炉边呻吟,牧师们自负傲慢,老师们恃强凌弱,英格兰人在长达800年中给我们带来无尽苦难,2.分译法,People everywhere brag and whi
11、mper about the woes of their early years, but nothing can compare with the Irish version: the poverty; the shiftless loquacious father; the pious defeated mother moaning by the fire; pompous priests, bullying schoolmasters; the English and all the terrible thing they did to us for 800 long years.,无论
12、身在何地的人们总喜欢抽泣着夸谈他们早年受过的苦难，但是没有什么能够与爱尔兰人的经历相比：家庭一贫如洗；父亲好吃懒做却喋喋不休；虔诚的母亲被重负压垮，在火炉边呻吟；牧师们自负傲慢；老师们恃强凌弱；英格兰人在长达800年中给我们带来无尽苦难。,3.断句增词译法,As a result, we inherited from our distant ancestors thetendency (to pay greater attention to the unpleasant and troublesome elements of our surroundings, to largely insig
13、nificant ones like nasty anonymous postings in a Web discussion.),结果,我们从遥远的祖先那里继承了一种（更加关注周围令人不愉快,带来麻烦的因素,以及大部分像在网上讨论低俗的匿名帖子那样无足轻重的事情的）倾向.,3.断句增词译法,适用范围：一个复杂的后置定语修饰名词 步骤： 将句子从名词处断开，增加适当过渡词语使名词与修饰语之间自然连接。,As a result, we inherited from our distant ancestors the tendency |to pay greater attention to th
14、e unpleasant and troublesome elements of our surroundings, to largely insignificant ones like nasty anonymous postings in a Web discussion.,结果,我们从遥远的祖先那里继承了这样一种倾向，即更加关注周围令人不愉快,带来麻烦的因素,以及大部分无足轻重的事情，比如网上讨论低俗的匿名帖子.,3.断句增词译法,练习: But from the point of view of daily life, without going deeper, we exist fo
15、r our fellow-men-in the first place for people (on whose smiles and welfare all our happiness depends), and next for all those unknown to us personally (with whose destinies we are bound up by the tie of sympathy. ),从日常生活而非更深层次来看，我们是为同胞而活着-首先是这样一些人，我们的幸福全部取决于他们的微笑与幸福，其次是一些素不相识的人，我们的命运通过同情的纽带与他们相连。,4
16、.转换法,转换法,词性转换,句子转换,被动语态与主动语态的转换,倒转语序与自然语序的转换,正反译法的转换,名词/介词/形容词/副词-动词,动词与副词-名词与形容词,名词-形容词/副词/词组,形容词-名词/副词,4.转换法,I am strongly drawn to the simple life and often oppressed by the feeling that I am engrossing an unnecessary amount of the labor of my fellow-men. War seems to me a mean, contemptible thin
17、g. I believe this bogey would have disappeared long ago, had the sound sense of the nations not been systematically corrupted by commercial and political interests acting through the schools and the Press.,我一直向往简单的生活，并且经常感到压抑，那就是我觉得自己占有着太多我的同胞们的劳动成果。战争在我看来是卑劣、可耻的.我相信如果商业和政治利益没有通过学校和媒体系统地腐蚀各个国家健全的理智的
18、话，战争的妖魔早就不复存在了。,我一直被简单的生活所吸引，并且经常被一种感情所压抑着，那就是我觉得自己占有着太多我的同胞们的劳动成果。战争在我看来是卑劣、可耻的东西.我相信如果各个国家健全的理智没有系统地被商业和政治利益通过学校和媒体腐蚀的话，战争的妖魔早就不复存在了。,被动主动,名词形容词,5. 引申法,我国译论家认为：“词语的意义要受具体语境的影响和制约, 也就是说只有在具体语言环境中,才有可能确定其真正的细致的含义。词典里提供的种种解释往往缺乏应有的细节,那是一种概括的孤立的说明。”因此“翻译时为了符合实际的人物和情节,必须对词典里的措辞进行一定程度的改动或引申,即依顺该词的基本意义,紧
19、扣具体语篇的实在情况,选择较为合适的汉语词语予以表达。”,具体词义抽象化,抽象词义具体化,5. 引申法,I live by the rules of thumb. Rules of thumb arent grand, but they do make the wheels go round. In my family, since I am the oldest among seven children, I learned that anger is a waste. It hurts nobody but me. A fit of the sullen got short shrift
20、in our house. And among seven children it got me nowhere since three O cat is still a game.,我一直遵循着经验法则。经验法则虽然很简单，但却能使事情正常 运转下去。在我家里，因为我是七个孩子中最年长的。我发现生气是毫无意义的。它伤害不了任何人却只有我自己。在我家闷闷不乐不会有人理睬。在七个孩子中没有我他们照样玩。,Five Unsatisfying Versions,1. 看他如今的作品,或浓墨重彩,恣肆汪漾;或青绿写意,画境幽邃;细微处,线条圆润，轻盈跳跃;粗放处,用笔练达,一气呵成.,His pres
21、ent works are either thick and heavy in color or bold and unrestrained in manner, either in impressionistic style or in profound state. The details feature in round and light lines while the general in fluent and coherent manner.,青绿写意？ 粗放处？ 一气呵成（to accomplish something at one go）?,Five Unsatisfying
22、Versions,1. 看他如今的作品,或浓墨重彩,恣肆汪漾;或青绿写意,画境幽邃;细微处,线条圆润，轻盈跳跃;粗放处,用笔练达,一气呵成.,修改后版本：His present works are either thick and heavy in color or bold and unrestrained in manner, either in impressionistic style with a dominant green or in profound state. The details feature in smooth and even lines while the bo
23、ld in fluent and coherent manner.,Five Unsatisfying Versions,2. One afternoon a few summers ago, I had been clearing brush in the mountains for several hours and decided to reward myself with lunch. Sitting on a log, I unwrapped a sandwich and surveyed the rugged scenery. Two turbulent streams joine
24、d to form a clear, deep pool before roaring down a heavily wooded canyon.,许多年前的一个夏天的一个下午，我在山上打理灌木林，干了几个小时以后我决定用午餐来犒劳自己。坐在一根圆木上面，我打开了一个三明治，开始欣赏这崇山峻岭的景色。两条湍急的溪流汇合在一起，形成了一个清澈幽深的水塘，接着又倾泻直下落入一个树木丛生的峡谷中。,1. “clearing brush”? 2. “one afternoonfor several hourslunch”?,Five Unsatisfying Versions,2. One after
25、noon a few summers ago, I had been clearing brush in the mountains for several hours and decided to reward myself with lunch. Sitting on a log, I unwrapped a sandwich and surveyed the rugged scenery. Two turbulent streams joined to form a clear, deep pool before roaring down a heavily wooded canyon.
26、,修改后版本： 许多年前的一个夏天，我在山上打理灌木林，干了几个小时以后我决定用午餐来犒劳自己。我坐在一根圆木上面，打开了一个三明治，开始欣赏这崇山峻岭的景色。两条湍急的溪流汇合在一起，形成了一个清澈幽深的水塘，接着又倾泻直下落入一个树木繁茂的峡谷中。,Five Unsatisfying Versions,3. 浙江省地处中国东南沿海长江三角洲的南翼，自然风光和历史人文景观交相辉映，素有“鱼米之乡、丝茶之府、文物之邦、旅游胜地”的美誉。,Located in the south flank of Yangtze Delta in southeast China, with natural la
27、ndscape shining with historical and cultural relics, Zhejiang Province has enjoyed the fame of “a land of fish and rice,”“the home of silk and tea,” “a place of historical relics” and “a resort for tourism.”,“乡”、“府”、“邦”、“地”分别用什么词区分？,Five Unsatisfying Versions,3. 浙江省地处中国东南沿海长江三角洲的南翼，自然风光和历史人文景观交相辉映，素
28、有“鱼米之乡、丝茶之府、文物之邦、旅游胜地”的美誉。,修改后版本： A coastal province located in the south flank of Yangtze Delta in southeast China, Zhejiang Province, where natural landscape is shining with historical and cultural relics, has enjoyed the fame of “a land of fish and rice,” “the home of silk and tea,” “a place of h
29、istorical relics” and “a resort for tourism.”/ a land rich in fish and rice, silk and tea, historical relics and tourist resorts.,Five Unsatisfying Versions,4. The light from the street lamp on the corner filtered down through the birch trees, casting a glow as green as a summer memory upon the wint
30、er-brown back yard. From the distance came the endless echo of the stoplight, flashing its ruby message, teasing like a dawn that would not come.,街角的路灯光从桦树的缝隙里投射下来，如同冬日褐色的后 院里记忆中夏日的翠绿。远处红色停车信号不停地闪烁着，发 出红宝石般的颜色，像还没有到来的黎明一般。,1. “glow as green as a summer memory upon the winter-brown backyard”? 2. “ech
31、o”? 3. “teasing”?,Five Unsatisfying Versions,4. The light from the street lamp on the corner filtered down through the birch trees, casting a glow as green as a summer memory upon the winter-brown back yard. From the distance came the endless echo of the stoplight, flashing its ruby message, teasing
32、 like a dawn that would not come.,修改后版本： 街角的路灯光从桦树的缝隙里照射下来，给这冬日褐色的后 院洒下一层夏日幽幽的翠绿。远处红色停车信号不停地闪烁着， 发出红宝石般的颜色，像是迟迟不会到来的黎明一般。,Five Unsatisfying Versions,5. 二十世纪后半叶之前，珠穆朗玛峰是人类望而却步的庞然大物，赫然耸立于天际，笑傲一切冒险者。人类对珠峰的不容冒犯似乎只有无奈。,Before the second half of the 20th century, Mount Qomolangma is a gigantic feature ris
33、ing straight up against the sky, shrinking back people and defying all the adventurers, leaving human beings with nothing to do with its intolerance of offence.,“庞然大物”？“赫然耸立”？3. “不容冒犯”？,Five Unsatisfying Versions,5. 二十世纪后半叶之前，珠穆朗玛峰是人类望而却步的庞然大物，赫然耸立于天际，笑傲一切冒险者。人类对珠峰的不容冒犯似乎只有无奈。,修改后的版本： Before the sec
34、ond half of the 20th century, Mount Qomolangma is a gigantic feature rising straight up against the sky, shrinking back people and defying all the adventurers, leaving human beings with nothing to do with its invincibility.,Exercise,“They got to you, didnt they?”It was the colleague who had come into my classroom earlier. I nodded.“他们惹你生气了，是吗？”那个来我教室的同事问我。我点了点头。,Thank You！,
