1、定语从句,(Attributive clause),1. 概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子. 一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,(Attributive clause),Mary is a beautiful girl.,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,形容词作定语,句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句,二. 定语从句,1. The man is a farmer.,2. The man is speaking at the meeting.,合并句子:,The man who is speaking at the meeting is a farm
2、er.,Mary is a girl.,Mary has long hair.,合并为一个句子,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,that, which, who, whom, whose,where, when，why,2. 结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子,3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。通常位于定 语从句之前。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,关系代词,关系副词,作用,A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词； C、在定语从句中担当一个成分,关系词通
3、常有下列三个作用： A、_； B、_； C、_。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.,定语从句,先行词,关系词,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。,引导定语从句,代替先行词,在定语从句中担当一个成分,三、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. who指人，在从句中做主语 1)The boys _are playing soccer are from Class 1. 2)Yesterday I helped an old man _lost his way. 2. whom指人
4、，在定语从句中充当宾语，在口语和 非正式语体中常用who代替，常可省略。Mr. Liu is the person _you talked about. 2) The man _you met just now is my friend.,(whom/who),who/whom,who,who,3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom
5、；指物时，相当于which。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。1) The people _come to visit the city areall here. (做主语)2) Where is the man _I saw this morning? (做宾语),做主语,做宾语,that/who,that/whom/who,小结： that:既可指人,也可指物. 作主语, 不能省略； 作宾语, 可以省略。 which:指物,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略. who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）,注: 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句 的
6、谓语动词形式由先行词定. 1)Im reading a book that/which _about Bill Gates. 2) He is a teacher who/ that_ us Chinese. 3)The boys who _playing soccer are from Class 1.,5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend _father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house_ roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。,is,teach
7、es,are,whose,whose,四. 修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分 (一)不用that的情况 1. 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 1)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (_)2)The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (_) 2. 介词后不能用。 1) We depend on the land from _we get our food. 2) We depend on the land _w
8、e getour food from.,错,对,which,that/which,(二) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 1.当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 外), all, none, few, little, some 等不定 代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some,no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如： 1)Have you taken down everything _ Mr. Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来吗？ 2) All _ can be done has
9、 been done. 所有能做的都做好了。 3) There is little _I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。,that,that,that,注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代who，如： 1) Any man _ has a sense of duty wontdo such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 2)All the guests_ were invited to herwedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。,that / who,that / who,2当先行词
10、被序数词修饰时。如： The first place _ they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 3当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best film_ I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。,that,that,4当先行词被the very, the only , the last修饰时。 1)This is the very dictionary _ I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。 2)After the fire in his house,
11、the old car is the onlything _ he owns. 家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。 Wang Hua is the only person in our school _ will attend the meeting. 王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。,that,that,who,5当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如： 1)Who is the man_ is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ 2)Which is the T-shirt _ fits
12、me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？ 6当先行词为人与物时。如： 1)They talked about the persons and things _ they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。 2)Look at the man and his donkey _ arewalking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的 毛驴。,that,that,that,that,Exercise,1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.,who/that
13、,3. The man _ leg broke in amatch used to be a football player.,2. Yesterday Emily was wearing thenew dress _ I gave her.,which/that,whose,4. My parents live in a house_is more than 100 years old.,5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.,which/that,whom,6. Kevin is reading a book _is too difficul
14、t for him.,which/that,7. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.,8.All _ we can do is to study hard.,9. The first one _ stands up is alittle boy.,that,that,that,句子翻译,1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.,This is the doctor who saved the boys life.,2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.,The man who is running is my uncle.,3. 我喜欢可以随之而
15、唱的音乐.,I like the music that I can sing along with.,4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.,The woman who lives next door is a teacher.,Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空,The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister. I hate people _ talk much but do little. The car _ my father bou
16、ght last month is very beautiful.,who / that,which/ that,who / that,which / that,5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather. 6. Is there a student _ father is a business man? 7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years. 8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just n
17、ow.,whose,whose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.,Exercise 2.,My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember. Say all _ you know. Is there anything _ I can do for you?,that,that,that,当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.,4.This is the
18、first play _ I have seen since I came here. 5. This is the best novel _ I have read.,that,that,当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.,6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree? 7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.,当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时，或中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.,that,that,where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来
19、表示地点的定语从句。 1) Shanghai is the city _I was born. = Shanghai is the city _was born in. 2) The house _I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. The house_ I lived in ten years ago has been pulled down.,五、关系副词引导定语从句关系副词：where, when, why在句中作状语。,where,which,where,which,2. when引导定语从句表示时间,在定语从句中做时间状语 也可做连
20、接词用 .I still remember the day _I first came to the school. 2) The time _we got together finally came. 3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason _you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason _he looks unhappy today.,when,when,why,why,六. 关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分 同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用w
21、here，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when， 有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：一是定语从句是否完整；二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以下句子：,1)This is the park_ we visited last year. 2)This is the park _we held a birthday party. 3)She wont forget the days _she spent on the island. 4)She wont forget the days_ they stayed together. 5)Tha
22、ts the date _we went to the college. 6)Thats the date _she wont forget for ever. 7)I like the time _we lived together. 8)I like the time _we had together.,that,where,that,when,when,that,when,that,2. 关系副词when, where, why 和“介词+which”之间的关系。 关系副词when, where, why可以用“适当的介词+which”来替代。 如：when=in/on/at+which
23、, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。,(1) The reason _he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year _he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. (3)This is the room _I lived. = This is the room _I lived in. (4)Tom still remembers
24、 the days _ they lived in Tianjin.,Why( ),when ( ),where ( ),in which,in which,for which,which,when ( ),in which,注意： 1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。 3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词“结构可以同关系副when ,where和why 互换。,1) This is the house _I lived two years ago. =This is the house where I lived two years ago. 2)
25、 Do you remember the day you joined our club? =Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 3) This is the reason why he came late.=This is the reason _he came late.,in which,on which,for which,Exercise,1.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded. which B. when C. that D. on that 2.Is tha
26、t the reason _ you are for the plan.A. which B. what C. why D. for that 3. Is this the place _ you were born? A. which B.where C.what D.that,1. Is this the place _ you were born? A. which B.where C.what D.that2. Is this the place _ some German friends visited last year? A. which B.where C.what D. wh
27、y,3.The house _ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now. A. which B.where C.what D.that4.The house _ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now. A. that B.where C.what D. why,5.He told her the reason_ he is unhappy, but she doesnt believe the reason _ he gives her. A. why; why
28、 B. why; which C. that; why D. which; why,一.Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns and adverbs 1. This is the only book _ I got last year. 2. Is this the book in _ you are interested? 3. This is the largest animal _ Tom saw in the zoo. 4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers_ exis
29、t (存在)in the mother school. 5. All the desks _ are bought look really wonderful.,that,which,that,that,that,6. Do you have any money _is used to build the factory? 7. Tom has a toy, _ was given by his father. 8. This is the second watch _ my father bought for me. 9. Is this the room _ you cleaned las
30、t time? 10. Is this the room _ we lived before? 11. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night.,that,which,that,that,which,where,where,12. This is the garden _ they visited last time. 13. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his home. 14. Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last day. 15. She sti
31、ll remembers the year _ she found her first job. 16. She still remembers the year _ she spent in Jining.,that,that,when,that,when,Fill in the blanks with the suitable relative pronouns or the relative adverbs. 1. Is this the room _ we spent our childhood? 2. This dictionary is the second one _ I bou
32、ght in the shop. 3. I still remember the date _ I went to Nanjing for the first time. 4. Tom is thinking about the grass and the persons _ he saw in the yard. 5. There are 100 old men in the street, some of _ are drinking tea.,where,that,that,when,whom,6. Do you know the days _ you spent on English? 7. All the books _are on the shelf belong to Mary. 8. Are you satisfied with the park _ you visited last time? 9. _ we all know, the building will soon be destroyed. 10. I have the same book _ she has.,that,that,that,Which,that,Thank you!,Bye-bye,
